Pub Date : 2019-10-10DOI: 10.4337/9781788113779.00007
S. Frederick
A key element in conducting industrial organization research is establishing a clear, well-defined and repeatable process to identify and describe the stakeholders and concepts of the analysis across a range of industries and topics. In the global value chain (GVC) research approach, this is divided into two steps: value chain mapping (identifying who and where) and value chain analysis (what and why). This chapter focuses on mapping – the process of identifying the structural elements along the value chain, including firms, products, activities and places. It includes steps and data sources to define the scope of an industry using a combination of international standardized classification systems and insights from existing research and fieldwork. The approach is presented using an industry-neutral value chain visual template along with industry-specific examples of how the process has been applied in existing GVC studies.
{"title":"Global value chain mapping","authors":"S. Frederick","doi":"10.4337/9781788113779.00007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788113779.00007","url":null,"abstract":"A key element in conducting industrial organization research is establishing a clear, well-defined and repeatable process to identify and describe the stakeholders and concepts of the analysis across a range of industries and topics. In the global value chain (GVC) research approach, this is divided into two steps: value chain mapping (identifying who and where) and value chain analysis (what and why). This chapter focuses on mapping – the process of identifying the structural elements along the value chain, including firms, products, activities and places. It includes steps and data sources to define the scope of an industry using a combination of international standardized classification systems and insights from existing research and fieldwork. The approach is presented using an industry-neutral value chain visual template along with industry-specific examples of how the process has been applied in existing GVC studies.","PeriodicalId":250962,"journal":{"name":"Handbook on Global Value Chains","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126436352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-10DOI: 10.4337/9781788113779.00009
T. Sturgeon
As the geographic fragmentation of industries has increased and cross-border coordination has improved, efforts to develop better measures and indicators of global value chains (GVC) have intensified. Producers of official and semi-official statistics and private market research information have gradually improved data resources available for GVC research, but the process is slow, piecemeal and incomplete. At the same time, demand for timely, policy-relevant GVC research is rising. This chapter describes several improvements in the data resources available for measuring GVCs that have arisen response to these new demands. Most prominent are international input–output tables such as the joint OECD–WTO Trade-in-Value-Added indicators, but several other GVC-relevant product groupings are being added to official statistics that will allow researchers to more easily retrieve comparable statistics on the outsourcing and offshoring practices of enterprises (business functions), trade in (ICT-enabled) services, and trade in intermediate goods and services that are likely to flow in more complex GVCs (specified intermediates). Finally, the chapter describes some key data resources available from private sources, and underscores the enduring value of qualitative field research and deep description of GVCs.
{"title":"Measuring global value chains","authors":"T. Sturgeon","doi":"10.4337/9781788113779.00009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788113779.00009","url":null,"abstract":"As the geographic fragmentation of industries has increased and cross-border coordination has improved, efforts to develop better measures and indicators of global value chains (GVC) have intensified. Producers of official and semi-official statistics and private market research information have gradually improved data resources available for GVC research, but the process is slow, piecemeal and incomplete. At the same time, demand for timely, policy-relevant GVC research is rising. This chapter describes several improvements in the data resources available for measuring GVCs that have arisen response to these new demands. Most prominent are international input–output tables such as the joint OECD–WTO Trade-in-Value-Added indicators, but several other GVC-relevant product groupings are being added to official statistics that will allow researchers to more easily retrieve comparable statistics on the outsourcing and offshoring practices of enterprises (business functions), trade in (ICT-enabled) services, and trade in intermediate goods and services that are likely to flow in more complex GVCs (specified intermediates). Finally, the chapter describes some key data resources available from private sources, and underscores the enduring value of qualitative field research and deep description of GVCs.","PeriodicalId":250962,"journal":{"name":"Handbook on Global Value Chains","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121688580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-10DOI: 10.4337/9781788113779.00017
Marion Werner, Jennifer Bair
In this chapter, the authors argue for a shift in the primary focus of global value chain (GVC) analysis from chain incorporation and its consequences for firms and regions, to the problematic of uneven development, that is, the patterned and contingent process whereby capital accumulates to some actors in some places in relation to the subordinate incorporation or exclusion of other actors and places. To do so, they outline what they call a disarticulations perspective. Their approach explores the relationship between strategies of incorporation and continued inclusion in global value chains, and long-standing and emerging forms of territorial and social unevenness in the global economy. Re-reading GVC studies through a disarticulations lens, they argue that global value chains must be viewed as dynamic mechanisms that take their shape from extant patterns of uneven development, while transforming them in turn at multiple scales. The ultimate goal of a disarticulations approach is not only to offer a finer-grained understanding of contemporary patterns of uneven development; it is also to re-centre political questions of winners and losers in the global economy and ask how scholarship on global value chains might address the resulting challenges.
{"title":"Global value chains and uneven development: a disarticulations perspective","authors":"Marion Werner, Jennifer Bair","doi":"10.4337/9781788113779.00017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788113779.00017","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, the authors argue for a shift in the primary focus of global value chain (GVC) analysis from chain incorporation and its consequences for firms and regions, to the problematic of uneven development, that is, the patterned and contingent process whereby capital accumulates to some actors in some places in relation to the subordinate incorporation or exclusion of other actors and places. To do so, they outline what they call a disarticulations perspective. Their approach explores the relationship between strategies of incorporation and continued inclusion in global value chains, and long-standing and emerging forms of territorial and social unevenness in the global economy. Re-reading GVC studies through a disarticulations lens, they argue that global value chains must be viewed as dynamic mechanisms that take their shape from extant patterns of uneven development, while transforming them in turn at multiple scales. The ultimate goal of a disarticulations approach is not only to offer a finer-grained understanding of contemporary patterns of uneven development; it is also to re-centre political questions of winners and losers in the global economy and ask how scholarship on global value chains might address the resulting challenges.","PeriodicalId":250962,"journal":{"name":"Handbook on Global Value Chains","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124891889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-10DOI: 10.4337/9781788113779.00011
D. Chor
In recent years, the emergence of global value chains in how firms organize their production strategies has drawn the attention of economists, particularly those in the field of international trade. This has spawned a growing body of applied theoretical work to capture the fragmentation of production and sourcing decisions across country borders. This chapter overviews this literature on economic models that speak to the broad phenomenon of global production. It elucidates the core modeling approaches that have been developed to understand the drivers behind these decisions, as well as their consequences for trade flows, labor markets, and aggregate welfare. The chapter also highlights how this modeling work complements key themes that have been developed in the broader social science literature on global value chains.
{"title":"Modeling global value chains: approaches and insights from economics","authors":"D. Chor","doi":"10.4337/9781788113779.00011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788113779.00011","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the emergence of global value chains in how firms organize their production strategies has drawn the attention of economists, particularly those in the field of international trade. This has spawned a growing body of applied theoretical work to capture the fragmentation of production and sourcing decisions across country borders. This chapter overviews this literature on economic models that speak to the broad phenomenon of global production. It elucidates the core modeling approaches that have been developed to understand the drivers behind these decisions, as well as their consequences for trade flows, labor markets, and aggregate welfare. The chapter also highlights how this modeling work complements key themes that have been developed in the broader social science literature on global value chains.","PeriodicalId":250962,"journal":{"name":"Handbook on Global Value Chains","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115448495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-10DOI: 10.4337/9781788113779.00018
F. Palpacuer
{"title":"Contestation and activism in global value chains","authors":"F. Palpacuer","doi":"10.4337/9781788113779.00018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788113779.00018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":250962,"journal":{"name":"Handbook on Global Value Chains","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130279250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-10DOI: 10.4337/9781788113779.00041
M. Morris, C. Staritz
{"title":"Industrialization paths and industrial policy for developing countries in global value chains","authors":"M. Morris, C. Staritz","doi":"10.4337/9781788113779.00041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788113779.00041","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":250962,"journal":{"name":"Handbook on Global Value Chains","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128303077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-10DOI: 10.4337/9781788113779.00020
S. Ponte
{"title":"Sustainability, global value chains and green capital accumulation","authors":"S. Ponte","doi":"10.4337/9781788113779.00020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788113779.00020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":250962,"journal":{"name":"Handbook on Global Value Chains","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114788845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-10DOI: 10.4337/9781788113779.00025
Peter Lund-Thomsen
This chapter explores how corporate social responsibility (CSR) is governed in global value chains (GVCs), and whether different approaches to CSR governance promote or hinder social upgrading at the base of such chains. The conclusion evaluates the prospects for synergistic governance in promoting social upgrading in GVCs.
{"title":"Corporate social responsibility in global value chains","authors":"Peter Lund-Thomsen","doi":"10.4337/9781788113779.00025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788113779.00025","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores how corporate social responsibility (CSR) is governed in global value chains (GVCs), and whether different approaches to CSR governance promote or hinder social upgrading at the base of such chains. The conclusion evaluates the prospects for synergistic governance in promoting social upgrading in GVCs.","PeriodicalId":250962,"journal":{"name":"Handbook on Global Value Chains","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133352292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-10DOI: 10.4337/9781788113779.00031
Gale Raj‐Reichert
Relationships between lead firms and first-tier suppliers in global value chains (GVCs) are dynamic due to changes in competitive pressures, technological innovations and industry evolutions. This chapter examines these changes with a focus on the growing importance of a small group of large transnational first-tier suppliers in the electronics, automotive and apparel industry global value chains. Case studies on a select number of these suppliers show that through their increasing capabilities and growth in responsibilities, they are taking over and strategically influencing more functional roles in global value chains. Through an examination of supplier power and changing business dynamics between lead firms and these suppliers, this chapter points to shifting power relationships towards multi-polar governance in global value chains
{"title":"The role of transnational first-tier suppliers in GVC governance","authors":"Gale Raj‐Reichert","doi":"10.4337/9781788113779.00031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788113779.00031","url":null,"abstract":"Relationships between lead firms and first-tier suppliers in global value chains (GVCs) are dynamic due to changes in competitive pressures, technological innovations and industry evolutions. This chapter examines these changes with a focus on the growing importance of a small group of large transnational first-tier suppliers in the electronics, automotive and apparel industry global value chains. Case studies on a select number of these suppliers show that through their increasing capabilities and growth in responsibilities, they are taking over and strategically influencing more functional roles in global value chains. Through an examination of supplier power and changing business dynamics between lead firms and these suppliers, this chapter points to shifting power relationships towards multi-polar governance in global value chains","PeriodicalId":250962,"journal":{"name":"Handbook on Global Value Chains","volume":"238 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114424128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-10DOI: 10.4337/9781788113779.00023
P. Low
{"title":"Measuring and analysing services in global value chains","authors":"P. Low","doi":"10.4337/9781788113779.00023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788113779.00023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":250962,"journal":{"name":"Handbook on Global Value Chains","volume":"49 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117341435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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