Pub Date : 2017-03-16DOI: 10.4337/9781788113779.00040
Victor Kummritz, D. Taglioni, D. Winkler
The emergence of global value chains has opened up new ways to achieve development and industrialization. However, new evidence shows that not all countries have gained from participating in global value chains, and that country-specific characteristics matter for economic upgrading in global value chains. This paper uses two panel data sets of developing and industrialized countries at the sectoral level to relate global value chain participation as a buyer and seller to domestic value added. These are combined with a wide range of policy measures at the country level that can play a role in economic upgrading through global value chains, by targeting global value chain integration or the quality and conditions of input and output factors. First, the study finds that global value chain integration increases domestic value added, especially on the selling side, which holds across all income levels. Second, the results highlight the importance of policy for economic upgrading through global value chain integration. Although the study cannot claim causal evidence, all the assessed policy areas are consistently shown to mediate the effects of global value chains and magnify the gains for domestic value added. Third, a detailed analysis shows that several policy areas mediate the gains from global value chains more through integration as a seller. Finally, the study observes that many of the results are driven by high- and upper-middle-income countries.
{"title":"Economic upgrading through global value chain participation: which policies increase the value-added gains?","authors":"Victor Kummritz, D. Taglioni, D. Winkler","doi":"10.4337/9781788113779.00040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788113779.00040","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of global value chains has opened up new ways to achieve development and industrialization. However, new evidence shows that not all countries have gained from participating in global value chains, and that country-specific characteristics matter for economic upgrading in global value chains. This paper uses two panel data sets of developing and industrialized countries at the sectoral level to relate global value chain participation as a buyer and seller to domestic value added. These are combined with a wide range of policy measures at the country level that can play a role in economic upgrading through global value chains, by targeting global value chain integration or the quality and conditions of input and output factors. First, the study finds that global value chain integration increases domestic value added, especially on the selling side, which holds across all income levels. Second, the results highlight the importance of policy for economic upgrading through global value chain integration. Although the study cannot claim causal evidence, all the assessed policy areas are consistently shown to mediate the effects of global value chains and magnify the gains for domestic value added. Third, a detailed analysis shows that several policy areas mediate the gains from global value chains more through integration as a seller. Finally, the study observes that many of the results are driven by high- and upper-middle-income countries.","PeriodicalId":250962,"journal":{"name":"Handbook on Global Value Chains","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131487781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-29DOI: 10.4337/9781788113779.00008
G. Gereffi, Karina Fernández-Stark
Importance of Global Value Chains The global economy is increasingly structured around global value chains (GVCs) that account for a rising share of international trade, global gross domestic product, and employment. The evolution of GVCs in diverse sectors, such as commodities, apparel, electronics, tourism, and business service outsourcing, has significant implications in terms of global trade, production and employment, and how developing country firms, producers and workers integrate in the global economy. GVCs link firms, workers, and consumers around the world and often provide a stepping-stone for firms and workers in developing countries to participate in the global economy. For many countries, especially low-income countries, the ability to effectively insert into GVCs is a vital condition for development. This supposes an ability to access GVCs, to compete successfully and to ‘capture the gains’ in terms of national economic development, capability building and generating more and better jobs to reduce unemployment and poverty. Thus, it is not only a matter of whether to participate in the global economy, but how to do so gainfully. The GVC framework allows one to understand how global industries are organized by examining the structure and dynamics of different actors involved in a given industry. In today's globalized economy with very complex industry interactions, the GVC methodology is a useful tool to trace the shifting patterns of global production, link geographically dispersed activities and actors within a single industry, and determine the roles they play in developed and developing countries alike. The GVC framework focuses on the sequences of value added within an industry, from conception to production and end use. It examines the job descriptions, technologies, standards, regulations, products, processes, and markets in specific industries and places, thus providing a holistic view of global industries both from the top-down and the bottom-up. The comprehensive nature of the framework allows policy makers to answer questions regarding development issues that have not been addressed by previous paradigms. Additionally, it provides a means to explain the changed global-local dynamics that have emerged within the past 20 years (Gereffi and Korzeniewicz, 1994).
{"title":"Global value chain analysis: a primer (second edition)","authors":"G. Gereffi, Karina Fernández-Stark","doi":"10.4337/9781788113779.00008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788113779.00008","url":null,"abstract":"Importance of Global Value Chains The global economy is increasingly structured around global value chains (GVCs) that account for a rising share of international trade, global gross domestic product, and employment. The evolution of GVCs in diverse sectors, such as commodities, apparel, electronics, tourism, and business service outsourcing, has significant implications in terms of global trade, production and employment, and how developing country firms, producers and workers integrate in the global economy. GVCs link firms, workers, and consumers around the world and often provide a stepping-stone for firms and workers in developing countries to participate in the global economy. For many countries, especially low-income countries, the ability to effectively insert into GVCs is a vital condition for development. This supposes an ability to access GVCs, to compete successfully and to ‘capture the gains’ in terms of national economic development, capability building and generating more and better jobs to reduce unemployment and poverty. Thus, it is not only a matter of whether to participate in the global economy, but how to do so gainfully. The GVC framework allows one to understand how global industries are organized by examining the structure and dynamics of different actors involved in a given industry. In today's globalized economy with very complex industry interactions, the GVC methodology is a useful tool to trace the shifting patterns of global production, link geographically dispersed activities and actors within a single industry, and determine the roles they play in developed and developing countries alike. The GVC framework focuses on the sequences of value added within an industry, from conception to production and end use. It examines the job descriptions, technologies, standards, regulations, products, processes, and markets in specific industries and places, thus providing a holistic view of global industries both from the top-down and the bottom-up. The comprehensive nature of the framework allows policy makers to answer questions regarding development issues that have not been addressed by previous paradigms. Additionally, it provides a means to explain the changed global-local dynamics that have emerged within the past 20 years (Gereffi and Korzeniewicz, 1994).","PeriodicalId":250962,"journal":{"name":"Handbook on Global Value Chains","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130325410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4337/9781788113779.00046
Gale Raj‐Reichert, Gary Gereffi, S. Ponte
{"title":"Epilogue","authors":"Gale Raj‐Reichert, Gary Gereffi, S. Ponte","doi":"10.4337/9781788113779.00046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788113779.00046","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":250962,"journal":{"name":"Handbook on Global Value Chains","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131871812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4337/9781788113779.00021
{"title":"The Multiple Dimensions of GVC Upgrading","authors":"","doi":"10.4337/9781788113779.00021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788113779.00021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":250962,"journal":{"name":"Handbook on Global Value Chains","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134427246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4337/9781788113779.00012
{"title":"Governance, Power and Inequality","authors":"","doi":"10.4337/9781788113779.00012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788113779.00012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":250962,"journal":{"name":"Handbook on Global Value Chains","volume":"151 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131397753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4337/9781788113779.00037
{"title":"International Development and Public Policy","authors":"","doi":"10.4337/9781788113779.00037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788113779.00037","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":250962,"journal":{"name":"Handbook on Global Value Chains","volume":"210 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116489337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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