Pub Date : 2015-11-01DOI: 10.1109/TICST.2015.7369359
Surached Eartrakulpaiboon, N. Tonanon
An interesting method in the preparation of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) from dissolving cellulose by cryo-crushing, followed by acid hydrolysis is presented in this research. Dissolving cellulose with high cellulose content (more than 90 wt.%) was frozen with liquid nitrogen, after that the frozen pulp was milled. This experimental result showed that an average diameter of cellulose fiber was reduced from 121.11 μm to 87.51 μm and a specific surface area was increasing from 161.13 m2/kg to 184.97 m2/kg. In hydrolysis process, sulfuric acid was selected to remove an amorphous region in cellulose fibrils and to introduce sulfate groups to form stable suspensions in organic media. This hydrolysis result demonstrated that MCC had an average diameter of 14.47 μm and a specific surface area of 427 m2/kg. The morphology of MCC was observed by optical microscopy.
{"title":"Preparation of microcrystalline cellulose from dissolving cellulose by cryo-crushing and acid hydrolysis","authors":"Surached Eartrakulpaiboon, N. Tonanon","doi":"10.1109/TICST.2015.7369359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TICST.2015.7369359","url":null,"abstract":"An interesting method in the preparation of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) from dissolving cellulose by cryo-crushing, followed by acid hydrolysis is presented in this research. Dissolving cellulose with high cellulose content (more than 90 wt.%) was frozen with liquid nitrogen, after that the frozen pulp was milled. This experimental result showed that an average diameter of cellulose fiber was reduced from 121.11 μm to 87.51 μm and a specific surface area was increasing from 161.13 m2/kg to 184.97 m2/kg. In hydrolysis process, sulfuric acid was selected to remove an amorphous region in cellulose fibrils and to introduce sulfate groups to form stable suspensions in organic media. This hydrolysis result demonstrated that MCC had an average diameter of 14.47 μm and a specific surface area of 427 m2/kg. The morphology of MCC was observed by optical microscopy.","PeriodicalId":251893,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Conference on Science and Technology (TICST)","volume":"191 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133262383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-01DOI: 10.1109/TICST.2015.7369412
Amonrat Khambun, Adisorn Buranawong, S. Chaiyakun, N. Witit-anun
Chromium aluminium nitride (CrAlN) thin films were grown on Si wafers by DC reactive magnetron co-sputtering technique without external heating and biasing to the substrates. The effect of N2 gas flow rate on the structure of the as-deposited films was invested. Cr and Al metals were used as sputtering targets. The Cr and Al sputtering current were fixed at 300 mA. The sputtering gas (Ar) flow rate was fixed at 10 sccm and the reactive gas (N2) flow rate was varied from 2 sccm to 10 sccm. The crystal structure, thickness, roughness, microstructure, surface morphology, elemental composition and hardness were characterized by glancing angle X-ray diffraction (GAXRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and nanoindentation technique, respectively. The results showed that, all the as-deposited films were formed as a (Cr, Al)N solid solution. The as-deposited films exhibited a nanostructure with a crystallite size of less than 40 nm. The crystal size and lattice constant was in range of 17-33 nm and 3.998-4.165 Å, respectively. The film thickness and roughness decreased from 400 nm to 244 nm and 2.8 nm to 1.4 nm, respectively, with increasing the N2 gas flow rate. The elemental composition of the as-deposited films varied with the N2 gas flow rate. Cross section analysis by FE-SEM showed compact columnar and dense morphology as increasing the N2 gas flow rate. The film hardness was in range of 14.1-60.3 GPa.
{"title":"Growth and characterization of CrAlN thin film deposited by DC reactive co-sputtering","authors":"Amonrat Khambun, Adisorn Buranawong, S. Chaiyakun, N. Witit-anun","doi":"10.1109/TICST.2015.7369412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TICST.2015.7369412","url":null,"abstract":"Chromium aluminium nitride (CrAlN) thin films were grown on Si wafers by DC reactive magnetron co-sputtering technique without external heating and biasing to the substrates. The effect of N2 gas flow rate on the structure of the as-deposited films was invested. Cr and Al metals were used as sputtering targets. The Cr and Al sputtering current were fixed at 300 mA. The sputtering gas (Ar) flow rate was fixed at 10 sccm and the reactive gas (N2) flow rate was varied from 2 sccm to 10 sccm. The crystal structure, thickness, roughness, microstructure, surface morphology, elemental composition and hardness were characterized by glancing angle X-ray diffraction (GAXRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and nanoindentation technique, respectively. The results showed that, all the as-deposited films were formed as a (Cr, Al)N solid solution. The as-deposited films exhibited a nanostructure with a crystallite size of less than 40 nm. The crystal size and lattice constant was in range of 17-33 nm and 3.998-4.165 Å, respectively. The film thickness and roughness decreased from 400 nm to 244 nm and 2.8 nm to 1.4 nm, respectively, with increasing the N2 gas flow rate. The elemental composition of the as-deposited films varied with the N2 gas flow rate. Cross section analysis by FE-SEM showed compact columnar and dense morphology as increasing the N2 gas flow rate. The film hardness was in range of 14.1-60.3 GPa.","PeriodicalId":251893,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Conference on Science and Technology (TICST)","volume":"134 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133391961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-01DOI: 10.1109/TICST.2015.7369339
N. Pratummasoot, S. Buntoung, S. Janjai
In this study, an empirical model for estimating cloud cover from satellite data was developed. The skyviews were installed at 4 stations located in Chiang Mai (18.78°N, 98.98°E), Ubon Ratchathani (15.25°N, 104.87°E), Nakhon Pathom (13.82°N, 100.04°E) and Songkhla (7.20°N, 100.60°E) in order to record the images of the sky. A three - year period (2009-2011) of the cloud cover data derived from the sky images and cloud index derived from MTSAT - 1R satellite data were prepared. Based on these data, a model relating cloud cover to cloud index was formulated. To validate its performance, the model was used to calculate cloud cover at the four stations during a two - year period (2012-2013). It was found that measured and calculated cloud cover were in reasonable agreement, with root mean square differences (RMSD) and mean bias difference (MBD) of 14.9% and -3.4%, respectively.
{"title":"A model for the estimation of cloud cover from satellite data","authors":"N. Pratummasoot, S. Buntoung, S. Janjai","doi":"10.1109/TICST.2015.7369339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TICST.2015.7369339","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, an empirical model for estimating cloud cover from satellite data was developed. The skyviews were installed at 4 stations located in Chiang Mai (18.78°N, 98.98°E), Ubon Ratchathani (15.25°N, 104.87°E), Nakhon Pathom (13.82°N, 100.04°E) and Songkhla (7.20°N, 100.60°E) in order to record the images of the sky. A three - year period (2009-2011) of the cloud cover data derived from the sky images and cloud index derived from MTSAT - 1R satellite data were prepared. Based on these data, a model relating cloud cover to cloud index was formulated. To validate its performance, the model was used to calculate cloud cover at the four stations during a two - year period (2012-2013). It was found that measured and calculated cloud cover were in reasonable agreement, with root mean square differences (RMSD) and mean bias difference (MBD) of 14.9% and -3.4%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":251893,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Conference on Science and Technology (TICST)","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114296971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-01DOI: 10.1109/TICST.2015.7369332
Pronpimon Sakultong, S. Asavapisit, R. Piyapanuwat
This research investigated the possibility of deteriorated working mold (DWM) as a coarse aggregate for lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC), which divided to two parts; Effect of coarse aggregate (CA) replacement with DWM and the ratio between coarse aggregate and cement (A/C) on properties of LWAC. The ratio of ordinary Portland cement (oPC): sand: CA are 1: 2.21: 3.03 and replaced CA with DWM at the levels of 0, 25 and 50 wt.%. The range of A/C ratio as 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1 by weight and replaced CA with DWM at the level of 50% by weight. All concretes were tested for compressive strength, unit weight and water absorption at the age of 7, 14 and 28 days. The results showed that increasing the levels of DWM reduced density and compressive strength. The compressive strength and density of concrete with 25 and 50 wt.% of DWM decreased to 33, 11 % and 65, 23 % compared with normal concrete respectively. The lightweight aggregate concrete with DWM at the level of 50 wt.% in the A/C ratio of 4: 1 gave the compressive strength at 28 days and density of 19.4 MPa and 1744 kg/m3. This satisfies the strength and density requirement for structural lightweight concrete of the ASTM C330 and ACI 213R-04 except water absorption which was 13.22 wt.% higher than the other ratios. Experimental results indicate that it is possible to produce environmentally-friendly lightweight concrete with DWM as coarse aggregate from the ceramic industry.
{"title":"Effect of coarse aggregate replacement with working mold from ceramic industry in lightweight aggregate concrete","authors":"Pronpimon Sakultong, S. Asavapisit, R. Piyapanuwat","doi":"10.1109/TICST.2015.7369332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TICST.2015.7369332","url":null,"abstract":"This research investigated the possibility of deteriorated working mold (DWM) as a coarse aggregate for lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC), which divided to two parts; Effect of coarse aggregate (CA) replacement with DWM and the ratio between coarse aggregate and cement (A/C) on properties of LWAC. The ratio of ordinary Portland cement (oPC): sand: CA are 1: 2.21: 3.03 and replaced CA with DWM at the levels of 0, 25 and 50 wt.%. The range of A/C ratio as 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1 by weight and replaced CA with DWM at the level of 50% by weight. All concretes were tested for compressive strength, unit weight and water absorption at the age of 7, 14 and 28 days. The results showed that increasing the levels of DWM reduced density and compressive strength. The compressive strength and density of concrete with 25 and 50 wt.% of DWM decreased to 33, 11 % and 65, 23 % compared with normal concrete respectively. The lightweight aggregate concrete with DWM at the level of 50 wt.% in the A/C ratio of 4: 1 gave the compressive strength at 28 days and density of 19.4 MPa and 1744 kg/m3. This satisfies the strength and density requirement for structural lightweight concrete of the ASTM C330 and ACI 213R-04 except water absorption which was 13.22 wt.% higher than the other ratios. Experimental results indicate that it is possible to produce environmentally-friendly lightweight concrete with DWM as coarse aggregate from the ceramic industry.","PeriodicalId":251893,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Conference on Science and Technology (TICST)","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126097704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-01DOI: 10.1109/TICST.2015.7369338
Pornphachara Takachart, S. Asavapisit, R. Piyapanuwat
This research studied the effect of water treatment residue (WTR) and calcium carbide residue (CCR) on properties of compacted clay liner. The mixtures were made from clay with 0, 5, 10 and 15 wt.% of CCR and 0, 50 and 100 wt.% of WTR. The consistency of grained, compressive strength and permeability of liners were investigated. The experimental results showed that liquid limit and compressive strength increased with increasing of CCR loading except plastic index and shrinkage limit decreased. The highest compressive strength was found in compacted clay with 15 wt.% of CCR after 7 days (399 kPa.). When the levels of WTR in compacted clay increased, the liquid, plastic and shrinkage limit decreased. After 3 days of curing, the clay liner with 50 wt.% of WTR replacement gave the highest strength and WTR. At the early curing (7 days), compacted clay liner containing 50 wt.% of WTR replacement and 15 wt.% of CCR gave highest strength thereafter. In addition, Water permeability of compacted clay liner containing less than 50 wt.% of WTR meets the standard limit of landfill liner (1×10-7).
{"title":"Effect of water treatment residue on properties of compacted clay liner","authors":"Pornphachara Takachart, S. Asavapisit, R. Piyapanuwat","doi":"10.1109/TICST.2015.7369338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TICST.2015.7369338","url":null,"abstract":"This research studied the effect of water treatment residue (WTR) and calcium carbide residue (CCR) on properties of compacted clay liner. The mixtures were made from clay with 0, 5, 10 and 15 wt.% of CCR and 0, 50 and 100 wt.% of WTR. The consistency of grained, compressive strength and permeability of liners were investigated. The experimental results showed that liquid limit and compressive strength increased with increasing of CCR loading except plastic index and shrinkage limit decreased. The highest compressive strength was found in compacted clay with 15 wt.% of CCR after 7 days (399 kPa.). When the levels of WTR in compacted clay increased, the liquid, plastic and shrinkage limit decreased. After 3 days of curing, the clay liner with 50 wt.% of WTR replacement gave the highest strength and WTR. At the early curing (7 days), compacted clay liner containing 50 wt.% of WTR replacement and 15 wt.% of CCR gave highest strength thereafter. In addition, Water permeability of compacted clay liner containing less than 50 wt.% of WTR meets the standard limit of landfill liner (1×10-7).","PeriodicalId":251893,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Conference on Science and Technology (TICST)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126857128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-01DOI: 10.1109/TICST.2015.7369386
D. A. R. Wati
Air heater temperature control systems generally deal with many uncertainties from their environment as well as uncertainties from the sensor measurement. Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) has many advantages in handling uncertainties. This research implemented PI-like type-2 FLC for air heater temperature control. The input variables of the type-2 FLC are error and change of error, while its output is change of control signal. The control strategy was mapped into 4 rules in the fuzzy rule base. The experiments was conducted using LabVIEW and NI USB 6009 as acquisition device for controlling the air heater mini plant. The performance of this type-2 FLC was evaluated and compared to type-1 FLC. The experiments were conducted in order to record the step responses, the responses in handling the disturbances, and the responses to set point changes. Based on these experiments, the type-2 FLC performed better step response than type-1 FLC as well as in handling the disturbances and set point changes.
空气加热器温度控制系统通常要处理许多来自环境的不确定性以及来自传感器测量的不确定性。2型模糊控制器(FLC)在处理不确定性方面具有许多优点。本研究实现了类似pi的2型FLC用于空气加热器温度控制。2型FLC的输入变量为误差和误差的变化量，输出变量为控制信号的变化量。将控制策略映射为模糊规则库中的4条规则。实验采用LabVIEW和NI USB 6009作为采集设备对空气加热器微型装置进行控制。对2型FLC的性能进行评价，并与1型FLC进行比较。实验记录了系统的阶跃响应、对扰动的响应和对设定值变化的响应。实验结果表明，2型FLC在处理扰动和设定点变化方面的阶跃响应优于1型FLC。
{"title":"Design of Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Controller for air heater temperature control","authors":"D. A. R. Wati","doi":"10.1109/TICST.2015.7369386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TICST.2015.7369386","url":null,"abstract":"Air heater temperature control systems generally deal with many uncertainties from their environment as well as uncertainties from the sensor measurement. Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) has many advantages in handling uncertainties. This research implemented PI-like type-2 FLC for air heater temperature control. The input variables of the type-2 FLC are error and change of error, while its output is change of control signal. The control strategy was mapped into 4 rules in the fuzzy rule base. The experiments was conducted using LabVIEW and NI USB 6009 as acquisition device for controlling the air heater mini plant. The performance of this type-2 FLC was evaluated and compared to type-1 FLC. The experiments were conducted in order to record the step responses, the responses in handling the disturbances, and the responses to set point changes. Based on these experiments, the type-2 FLC performed better step response than type-1 FLC as well as in handling the disturbances and set point changes.","PeriodicalId":251893,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Conference on Science and Technology (TICST)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129067164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-01DOI: 10.1109/TICST.2015.7369398
Somnuk Srisawat, Wanna Sriprad, O. Sthityanak
In this paper, we define the k-Jacobsthal-Lucas A-matrix. By using this matrix representation, we obtain Cassini's formulas, Binet's formulas, and some identities for the k-Jacobsthal numbers and k-Jacobsthal-Lucas numbers.
在本文中，我们定义了k- jacobthal - lucas a矩阵。利用这种矩阵表示，我们得到了k- jacobthal数和k- jacobthal - lucas数的Cassini公式、Binet公式以及一些恒等式。
{"title":"On the k-Jacobsthal-Lucas numbers by matrix methods","authors":"Somnuk Srisawat, Wanna Sriprad, O. Sthityanak","doi":"10.1109/TICST.2015.7369398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TICST.2015.7369398","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we define the k-Jacobsthal-Lucas A-matrix. By using this matrix representation, we obtain Cassini's formulas, Binet's formulas, and some identities for the k-Jacobsthal numbers and k-Jacobsthal-Lucas numbers.","PeriodicalId":251893,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Conference on Science and Technology (TICST)","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133612625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-01DOI: 10.1109/TICST.2015.7369397
Wanna Sriprad, Somnuk Srisawat, O. Sthityanak
In this paper, we present a new viscosity iterative algorithm to solve the problem of finding zeros of the sum of finite families of m-accretive operators and finite families of α-inverse strongly accretive operators in a real q-uniformly smooth and strictly convex Banach spaces. Strong convergence theorems are established, which extend the corresponding works given by many others.
{"title":"Viscosity approximation method for the sum of two different types of finitely many accretive operators in Banach spaces","authors":"Wanna Sriprad, Somnuk Srisawat, O. Sthityanak","doi":"10.1109/TICST.2015.7369397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TICST.2015.7369397","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present a new viscosity iterative algorithm to solve the problem of finding zeros of the sum of finite families of m-accretive operators and finite families of α-inverse strongly accretive operators in a real q-uniformly smooth and strictly convex Banach spaces. Strong convergence theorems are established, which extend the corresponding works given by many others.","PeriodicalId":251893,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Conference on Science and Technology (TICST)","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130978537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-01DOI: 10.1109/TICST.2015.7369333
Wayan G. Santika, I. K. Sudiartha, I. G. P. Mastawan E. Putra
In 2009, Midden & Ham found that social feedbacks motivated users to reduce energy consumption in washing experiments with a simulated washing machine. They also found that having negative social feedbacks reduced energy consumption better than having factual, positive social, and no feedbacks. The present study compares the effect of positive and negative social and factual feedbacks on user preferences in air conditioning (AC) temperature setting. A higher room temperature setting means a lower energy use. We predicted that having any of the feedbacks increased chosen temperatures compared to having no feedback and that having negative social feedbacks increased chosen temperatures compared to having either factual, positive social, or no feedbacks. An interface was made in order for the AC remote controller to be able to communicate with computers. Animated faces which are able to smile or frown were made representing positive and negative social feedbacks. The factual feedback is represented by a bar indicator that turns red when users choose low temperatures and green when high. 159 participants were asked to participate for the experiment and randomly assigned to either control, factual, positive, or negative feedback groups. A computer screen was put in front of respondents to display the animated feedbacks. Participants set their preferred AC temperature by means of a remote controller and the screen deliver feedbacks according to the chosen temperature. One-way ANOVA were used to analyze the data with temperatures as the dependent variable and feedbacks as independent variables. Results show that there was a significant effect of feedbacks on chosen temperatures, F(3, 153) = 20.96, p <; .001, r = .54. There was a significant linear trend, F(1, 153) = 60.55, p <; .001, r = .53, indicating that as the feedback changed from factual to positive and negative social, the temperature increased proportionally. Planned contrasts showed that having animated social feedbacks increased chosen temperatures compared to having no feedback, t(152) = 6.80, p <; .001 (1-tailed), r = .39, and that having negative social feedbacks increased chosen temperatures compared to having positive social feedbacks, t(152) = 2.14, p <; .05 (1-tailed), r = .17. However, having factual feedbacks did not increase chosen temperatures compared to having no feedback, t(152) = 1.10, p > .05 (1-tailed), r = .09.
2009年，Midden & Ham研究发现，在模拟洗衣机的洗涤实验中，社会反馈会促使用户减少能耗。他们还发现，有负面的社会反馈比有事实的、积极的社会反馈和没有反馈更能减少能源消耗。本研究比较了正面和负面的社会反馈和事实反馈对空调温度设置用户偏好的影响。较高的室温设置意味着较低的能源消耗。我们预测，与没有反馈相比，有任何反馈都会增加选择的温度，而有负面的社会反馈比有事实反馈、积极的社会反馈或没有反馈都会增加选择的温度。为了使AC遥控器能够与计算机通信，设计了一个接口。能够微笑或皱眉的动画面孔代表了积极和消极的社会反馈。事实反馈由条形指示器表示，当用户选择低温时，条形指示器变为红色，当用户选择高温时，条形指示器变为绿色。159名参与者被要求参加实验，并被随机分配到控制、事实、积极和消极反馈组。在被调查者面前放置了一个电脑屏幕来显示动画反馈。参与者通过遥控器设置他们喜欢的空调温度，屏幕根据选择的温度提供反馈。采用单因素方差分析，以温度为因变量，反馈为自变量。结果表明，反馈对所选温度有显著影响，F(3,153) = 20.96, p < 0.05(单尾)，r = 0.09。
{"title":"Using animated social feedback to motivate air conditioning energy saving","authors":"Wayan G. Santika, I. K. Sudiartha, I. G. P. Mastawan E. Putra","doi":"10.1109/TICST.2015.7369333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TICST.2015.7369333","url":null,"abstract":"In 2009, Midden & Ham found that social feedbacks motivated users to reduce energy consumption in washing experiments with a simulated washing machine. They also found that having negative social feedbacks reduced energy consumption better than having factual, positive social, and no feedbacks. The present study compares the effect of positive and negative social and factual feedbacks on user preferences in air conditioning (AC) temperature setting. A higher room temperature setting means a lower energy use. We predicted that having any of the feedbacks increased chosen temperatures compared to having no feedback and that having negative social feedbacks increased chosen temperatures compared to having either factual, positive social, or no feedbacks. An interface was made in order for the AC remote controller to be able to communicate with computers. Animated faces which are able to smile or frown were made representing positive and negative social feedbacks. The factual feedback is represented by a bar indicator that turns red when users choose low temperatures and green when high. 159 participants were asked to participate for the experiment and randomly assigned to either control, factual, positive, or negative feedback groups. A computer screen was put in front of respondents to display the animated feedbacks. Participants set their preferred AC temperature by means of a remote controller and the screen deliver feedbacks according to the chosen temperature. One-way ANOVA were used to analyze the data with temperatures as the dependent variable and feedbacks as independent variables. Results show that there was a significant effect of feedbacks on chosen temperatures, F(3, 153) = 20.96, p <; .001, r = .54. There was a significant linear trend, F(1, 153) = 60.55, p <; .001, r = .53, indicating that as the feedback changed from factual to positive and negative social, the temperature increased proportionally. Planned contrasts showed that having animated social feedbacks increased chosen temperatures compared to having no feedback, t(152) = 6.80, p <; .001 (1-tailed), r = .39, and that having negative social feedbacks increased chosen temperatures compared to having positive social feedbacks, t(152) = 2.14, p <; .05 (1-tailed), r = .17. However, having factual feedbacks did not increase chosen temperatures compared to having no feedback, t(152) = 1.10, p > .05 (1-tailed), r = .09.","PeriodicalId":251893,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Conference on Science and Technology (TICST)","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129297197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-01DOI: 10.1109/TICST.2015.7369360
Woravith Chansuvarn, Kunawoot Jainae
The objective of this work was to study the adsorption efficiency of natural soil and its surface modified with manganese oxide for removal of Pb(II) ion. The adsorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solution onto raw laterite soil (LS) and manganese oxide-modified laterite soil (Mn-LS) was evaluated based on batch method. The adsorption efficiency of Pb(II) was investigated as a function of the initial pH, equilibrium time, adsorbent concentration and initial Pb(II) concentration and temperature. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacities of LS and Mn-LS were estimated as 1.053 and 38.76 mg g-1, respectively. The results show that the amount of Pb(II) adsorbed onto Mn-LS was more than LS by about 39-times under the optimized adsorption condition. The adsorption isotherms of Langmuir and Freundlich models was used to describe the equilibrium isotherm. It is observed that the data from both adsorbents fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm. The calculated adsorption energy (14.95 kJ mol-1) from the Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) model indicated that the adsorption process onto Mn-LS was taken place mainly by chemical ion exchange. The kinetic evaluation also suggested that the adsorption process of both adsorbents followed well the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The calculated thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption of Pb(II) onto LS and Mn-LS process was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic.
{"title":"Adsorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solution onto manganese oxide-modified laterite soil","authors":"Woravith Chansuvarn, Kunawoot Jainae","doi":"10.1109/TICST.2015.7369360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TICST.2015.7369360","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work was to study the adsorption efficiency of natural soil and its surface modified with manganese oxide for removal of Pb(II) ion. The adsorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solution onto raw laterite soil (LS) and manganese oxide-modified laterite soil (Mn-LS) was evaluated based on batch method. The adsorption efficiency of Pb(II) was investigated as a function of the initial pH, equilibrium time, adsorbent concentration and initial Pb(II) concentration and temperature. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacities of LS and Mn-LS were estimated as 1.053 and 38.76 mg g-1, respectively. The results show that the amount of Pb(II) adsorbed onto Mn-LS was more than LS by about 39-times under the optimized adsorption condition. The adsorption isotherms of Langmuir and Freundlich models was used to describe the equilibrium isotherm. It is observed that the data from both adsorbents fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm. The calculated adsorption energy (14.95 kJ mol-1) from the Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) model indicated that the adsorption process onto Mn-LS was taken place mainly by chemical ion exchange. The kinetic evaluation also suggested that the adsorption process of both adsorbents followed well the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The calculated thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption of Pb(II) onto LS and Mn-LS process was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic.","PeriodicalId":251893,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Conference on Science and Technology (TICST)","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116779175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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