In black skin, the epidemiology of anal melanocytic tumors is little studied and is generally based on reported cases. Anal localization is characterized by its rarity, and its non-consensual management. In this study we describe and discuss the anatomopathological aspects which led to the fortuitous discovery of a case of nevus and a case of melanoma of anal location. The cases involved samples taken from a 30-year-old female and a 75-year-old male. Both examinations concerned surgical pieces received fixed. Histological and immunohistochemical examination was performed for both observations. In the case of the nevus, the histological appearance was misleading and difficult, initially evoking a melanoma. The diagnosis of the melanoma case was easier and confirmed by a positive HMB45 staining. In proctology, melanocytic tumors are rare with a variable and nonspecific clinical presentation. Melanoma on black skin occurs in locations that are not photo-exposed mucous membranes with a poor prognosis.
{"title":"Melanocytics Tumors on Black Skin: About 2 Cases of Anal Location","authors":"N. D, Thiam I","doi":"10.47363/jpr/2022(4)145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jpr/2022(4)145","url":null,"abstract":"In black skin, the epidemiology of anal melanocytic tumors is little studied and is generally based on reported cases. Anal localization is characterized by its rarity, and its non-consensual management. In this study we describe and discuss the anatomopathological aspects which led to the fortuitous discovery of a case of nevus and a case of melanoma of anal location. The cases involved samples taken from a 30-year-old female and a 75-year-old male. Both examinations concerned surgical pieces received fixed. Histological and immunohistochemical examination was performed for both observations. In the case of the nevus, the histological appearance was misleading and difficult, initially evoking a melanoma. The diagnosis of the melanoma case was easier and confirmed by a positive HMB45 staining. In proctology, melanocytic tumors are rare with a variable and nonspecific clinical presentation. Melanoma on black skin occurs in locations that are not photo-exposed mucous membranes with a poor prognosis.","PeriodicalId":253047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathology Research Reviews & Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117301145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin, not synthesized by the human body, present in foods of animal origin, performing important metabolic and neurotrophic functions. Its deficiency is very common among the elderly, vegetarians and individuals who have a problem with gastrointestinal absorption or adopt a low-protein diet. The present study aims to demonstrate the effects on the nervous system caused by the lack of vitamin B12. The work was carried out through a bibliographical review, through the reading of scientific articles selected in databases, in addition to reference materials in the area. As a result, it was found that the vitamin B12 deficit has consequences such as changes in the Central Nervous System (CNS), responsible for neurological/psychiatric illnesses, such as depression, peripheral neuropathy, behavioral changes, cognitive degeneration, leading to dementia, in addition to disorders hematologic
{"title":"Effects of Vitamin B12 Deficiency on the Central Nervous System","authors":"E. B. da Silva, Cintia Santos Bastos","doi":"10.47363/jpr/2022(4)140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jpr/2022(4)140","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin, not synthesized by the human body, present in foods of animal origin, performing important metabolic and neurotrophic functions. Its deficiency is very common among the elderly, vegetarians and individuals who have a problem with gastrointestinal absorption or adopt a low-protein diet. The present study aims to demonstrate the effects on the nervous system caused by the lack of vitamin B12. The work was carried out through a bibliographical review, through the reading of scientific articles selected in databases, in addition to reference materials in the area. As a result, it was found that the vitamin B12 deficit has consequences such as changes in the Central Nervous System (CNS), responsible for neurological/psychiatric illnesses, such as depression, peripheral neuropathy, behavioral changes, cognitive degeneration, leading to dementia, in addition to disorders hematologic","PeriodicalId":253047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathology Research Reviews & Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122166299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cognitive bias is well known recognized factor that causes many diagnostic errors. Such errors hampers with quality patient care in medical practice. This paper focuses on various biases that may affect decision making and idea flow. Growing awareness for such biases is need of hour as only then de biasing techniques could be adopted to prevent such cognitive errors.
{"title":"Cognitive Bias in Medical Decision Making","authors":"R. Sareen","doi":"10.47363/jpr/2022(4)142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jpr/2022(4)142","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive bias is well known recognized factor that causes many diagnostic errors. Such errors hampers with quality patient care in medical practice. This paper focuses on various biases that may affect decision making and idea flow. Growing awareness for such biases is need of hour as only then de biasing techniques could be adopted to prevent such cognitive errors.","PeriodicalId":253047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathology Research Reviews & Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126700824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To determine the influence of preoperative thyroid gland volume on intraoperative time and postoperative complications for total thyroidectomy patients in a militaty tertiary hospital.
目的:了解某军队三级医院甲状腺全切除术患者术前甲状腺体积对术中时间及术后并发症的影响。
{"title":"The Influence of Preoperative Thyroid Gland Volume On Intraoperative Time and Postoperative Complications for Total Thyroidectomy Patients","authors":"A. Ghafouri, Hassan B. Hawsawi","doi":"10.47363/jpr/2022(4)138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jpr/2022(4)138","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the influence of preoperative thyroid gland volume on intraoperative time and postoperative complications for total thyroidectomy patients in a militaty tertiary hospital.","PeriodicalId":253047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathology Research Reviews & Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131797224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: To determine the spectrum of infectious-agent from conjunctival swab and antibiotic susceptibility. To observe the necessity of conjunctival swab culture and sensitivity prior to intraocular surgery as a preventive measure against post operative endophthalmitis in the socio-economic perspective of our country. Method: A retrospective review of microbiological records of conjunctival swab was done for 22 months (From August 2000 to May 2002) in BSMMU, Dhaka, Bangladesh. We selected the culture positive cases for our study. Antibiotic susceptibility of these isolates was determined for fourteen ocular and systemic antibiotics. Result: Among 209 attendant cases, 57 were culture positive. All of them were gram positive bacteria. Most of them were staphylococcus epidermis 47 (82.5%) others were staphylococcus aureus 5 (8.77%); streptococcus viridans 5 (8.77%). There was specific age variation also. All organisms were 100% sensitive to Chloramphenicol. Staphylococcus epidermidis, treptococcus viridans were 100% sensitive to Gentamycin and Ciprofloxacin, while staphylococcus aureus show 80% sensitivity. Organisms were least sensitive to Neosporin. Conclusion: Commonest isolated organism from conjunctival swab is staphylococcus epidermidis (82.5%). All the organism shows full range of sensitivity and no resistance to chloramphenicol; also maximum sensitivity and no resistance to Gentamycin, Ciprofloxacin in our study group and from this it can be conclude that instead of doing random C/S for conjunctival swab we can give prophylactic broad spectrum antibiotic eye drop to starilize conjunctival sac before surgery.
{"title":"Importance of Conjunctival Swab Culture and Sensitivity Test Before Cataract Surgery","authors":"J. Ahmad","doi":"10.47363/jpr/2022(4)143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jpr/2022(4)143","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To determine the spectrum of infectious-agent from conjunctival swab and antibiotic susceptibility. To observe the necessity of conjunctival swab culture and sensitivity prior to intraocular surgery as a preventive measure against post operative endophthalmitis in the socio-economic perspective of our country. Method: A retrospective review of microbiological records of conjunctival swab was done for 22 months (From August 2000 to May 2002) in BSMMU, Dhaka, Bangladesh. We selected the culture positive cases for our study. Antibiotic susceptibility of these isolates was determined for fourteen ocular and systemic antibiotics. Result: Among 209 attendant cases, 57 were culture positive. All of them were gram positive bacteria. Most of them were staphylococcus epidermis 47 (82.5%) others were staphylococcus aureus 5 (8.77%); streptococcus viridans 5 (8.77%). There was specific age variation also. All organisms were 100% sensitive to Chloramphenicol. Staphylococcus epidermidis, treptococcus viridans were 100% sensitive to Gentamycin and Ciprofloxacin, while staphylococcus aureus show 80% sensitivity. Organisms were least sensitive to Neosporin. Conclusion: Commonest isolated organism from conjunctival swab is staphylococcus epidermidis (82.5%). All the organism shows full range of sensitivity and no resistance to chloramphenicol; also maximum sensitivity and no resistance to Gentamycin, Ciprofloxacin in our study group and from this it can be conclude that instead of doing random C/S for conjunctival swab we can give prophylactic broad spectrum antibiotic eye drop to starilize conjunctival sac before surgery.","PeriodicalId":253047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathology Research Reviews & Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128679631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin, not synthesized by the human body, present in foods of animal origin, performing important metabolic and neurotrophic functions. Its deficiency is very common among the elderly, vegetarians and individuals who have a problem with gastrointestinal absorption or adopt a low-protein diet. The present study aims to demonstrate the effects on the nervous system caused by the lack of vitamin B12. The work was carried out through a bibliographical review, through the reading of scientific articles selected in databases, in addition to reference materials in the area. As a result, it was found that the vitamin B12 deficit has consequences such as changes in the Central Nervous System (CNS), responsible for neurological/psychiatric illnesses, such as depression, peripheral neuropathy, behavioral changes, cognitive degeneration, leading to dementia, in addition to disorders hematologic.
{"title":"Effects of Vitamin B12 Deficiency on the Central Nervous System","authors":"Emerson Barbosa da Silva, Cintia Santos Bastos","doi":"10.47363/jpr/2022(4)139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jpr/2022(4)139","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin, not synthesized by the human body, present in foods of animal origin, performing important metabolic and neurotrophic functions. Its deficiency is very common among the elderly, vegetarians and individuals who have a problem with gastrointestinal absorption or adopt a low-protein diet. The present study aims to demonstrate the effects on the nervous system caused by the lack of vitamin B12. The work was carried out through a bibliographical review, through the reading of scientific articles selected in databases, in addition to reference materials in the area. As a result, it was found that the vitamin B12 deficit has consequences such as changes in the Central Nervous System (CNS), responsible for neurological/psychiatric illnesses, such as depression, peripheral neuropathy, behavioral changes, cognitive degeneration, leading to dementia, in addition to disorders hematologic.","PeriodicalId":253047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathology Research Reviews & Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129392488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Fluoride exposure plays an important role in preventing and lowering the incidence of cavities with strong evidence for water and fluoride toothpaste. The preventative effect of fluoride on dental caries results from its topical contact with the surface of the enamel and through its antibacterial properties. The influence of fluoride on the oral health of children is at several levels. Studies have shown that parents have a low level of knowledge about the essential role of fluorides on teeth. The purpose of this study is to assess knowledge, identify attitudes and determine parental practices regarding fluorides in the prevention of dental caries in children.
{"title":"Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Parents on Fluorides in the Prevention of Dental Caries in Children In Yaounde","authors":"Moneboulou Mengong, Njoumémi Zakariaou","doi":"10.47363/jpr/2022(4)141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jpr/2022(4)141","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Fluoride exposure plays an important role in preventing and lowering the incidence of cavities with strong evidence for water and fluoride toothpaste. The preventative effect of fluoride on dental caries results from its topical contact with the surface of the enamel and through its antibacterial properties. The influence of fluoride on the oral health of children is at several levels. Studies have shown that parents have a low level of knowledge about the essential role of fluorides on teeth. The purpose of this study is to assess knowledge, identify attitudes and determine parental practices regarding fluorides in the prevention of dental caries in children.","PeriodicalId":253047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathology Research Reviews & Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116237361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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