Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.37204/0131-2189-2021-13-16
E. M. Ratnikov, D. Milko
Annotation Purpose. To analyze theoretical research of domestic and foreign scientists on extrusion of plant materials to identify areas for improving the quality of the process. Methods. Methods of mathematical description and solution of models of functioning of machines and mechanisms by branches on the basis of theoretical mechanics, higher mathematics, analysis and synthesis are used. Results. According to the results of the analysis, ways to improve the technology of extrusion of vegetable raw materials by moving to less energy-dependent methods with improved quality of raw materials. Conclusions. The analysis of the studied works showed that from the point of view of rheology, the process of compound feed production in the extruder is little studied; the main works are performed in the field of extrusion of plastics and metals. The result of the analysis showed that all extruders for plastics operate at high temperatures (from 120 to 200 Celsius degrees). Such temperatures for the production of compound feeds have a high energy consumption, which allowed directing the research towards less energy-saturated technical means in extruding technologies. Theoretical research and experimental verification of the proposed technological solutions are planned in the near future. Keywords: extruder, screw, feed pressing, mathematical model.
{"title":"Analysis of theoretical research of the process of extrusion of vegetable materials","authors":"E. M. Ratnikov, D. Milko","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2021-13-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2021-13-16","url":null,"abstract":"Annotation\u0000Purpose. To analyze theoretical research of domestic and foreign scientists on extrusion of plant materials to identify areas for improving the quality of the process.\u0000Methods. Methods of mathematical description and solution of models of functioning of machines and mechanisms by branches on the basis of theoretical mechanics, higher mathematics, analysis and synthesis are used.\u0000Results. According to the results of the analysis, ways to improve the technology of extrusion of vegetable raw materials by moving to less energy-dependent methods with improved quality of raw materials.\u0000Conclusions. The analysis of the studied works showed that from the point of view of rheology, the process of compound feed production in the extruder is little studied; the main works are performed in the field of extrusion of plastics and metals. The result of the analysis showed that all extruders for plastics operate at high temperatures (from 120 to 200 Celsius degrees). Such temperatures for the production of compound feeds have a high energy consumption, which allowed directing the research towards less energy-saturated technical means in extruding technologies. Theoretical research and experimental verification of the proposed technological solutions are planned in the near future.\u0000Keywords: extruder, screw, feed pressing, mathematical model.","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121391718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.37204/0131-2189-2021-14-16
V. Tkach, A. I. Fenenko A. I., I. Afanasiev
Annotation Purpose. To generalize the world experience of milk production technical and technological support in the context prospects for use smart technologies. Methods. The method of information-logical analysis of domestic and foreign scientific and technical information sources on the current state of technical and technological milk production support is applied. Results. The components of technical and technological support are systematized and the structure of the conceptual model of the biotechnical system of milk production on the basis of smart technologies is developed. It is noted about the creation of a domestic milk meter based on a capacitive flow sensor, developed a layout scheme of automatic system for individual milk yield accounting on the basis of domestic equipment for machine milking. The results of industrial inspection of the adaptive milking machine on the basis of the portion test of milk of weight type are given. Conclusions. The world experience of technical and technological support is generalized and the structure of the conceptual model of biotechnical system of milk production is developed, which allows to achieve realization of genetic potential of cow productivity at minimum and sufficient levels of capital investments and operating costs. Automatic means of determining the intensity of milk flow have been developed, which can become a universal basis for domestic adaptive milking machines and smart control systems for dairy farms technological processes. Keywords: automation of milking, adaptive milking machine, biotechnical milk production system, milk flow sensor, machine milking, individual milk accounting.
{"title":"Prospects for technical and technological support of milk production based on smart technologies","authors":"V. Tkach, A. I. Fenenko A. I., I. Afanasiev","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2021-14-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2021-14-16","url":null,"abstract":"Annotation\u0000Purpose. To generalize the world experience of milk production technical and technological support in the context prospects for use smart technologies.\u0000Methods. The method of information-logical analysis of domestic and foreign scientific and technical information sources on the current state of technical and technological milk production support is applied.\u0000Results. The components of technical and technological support are systematized and the structure of the conceptual model of the biotechnical system of milk production on the basis of smart technologies is developed. It is noted about the creation of a domestic milk meter based on a capacitive flow sensor, developed a layout scheme of automatic system for individual milk yield accounting on the basis of domestic equipment for machine milking. The results of industrial inspection of the adaptive milking machine on the basis of the portion test of milk of weight type are given. \u0000Conclusions. The world experience of technical and technological support is generalized and the structure of the conceptual model of biotechnical system of milk production is developed, which allows to achieve realization of genetic potential of cow productivity at minimum and sufficient levels of capital investments and operating costs. Automatic means of determining the intensity of milk flow have been developed, which can become a universal basis for domestic adaptive milking machines and smart control systems for dairy farms technological processes.\u0000Keywords: automation of milking, adaptive milking machine, biotechnical milk production system, milk flow sensor, machine milking, individual milk accounting.","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"212 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131991427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.37204/0131-2189-2022-15-21
Dovbnenko O. F.
Purpose. Development of functional and technological schemes of a universal air purification system for livestock and other industrial premises from pathogenic microflora and harmful impurities of chemical and biological origin to ensure the regulatory parameters of the microclimate. Methods. The research methodology is based on analytical, mathematical, and engineering methods of modeling technical means of maintaining the normative parameters of the air environment of production facilities using the results of previous experimental and industrial studies of electrical air purification products from harmful impurities. Results. The system of air purification with complex use of ultraviolet radiation and ozone in closed-type bactericidal installations is proposed, the method of intensification of air purification from impurities of chemical and biological origin by applying the effect of photooxidation is substantiated, functional and technological schemes of application of universal air purification system from pathogenic microflora and other harmful impurities in livestock and others are substantiated production facilities. Conclusions 3. The functional scheme of universal system of air purification from pathogenic microflora and other harmful impurities and technological scheme of its use in animal husbandry and other production premises is developed. 4. To ensure the average concentration of ozone at the level of MPC in the room for every 1000 m3 in the absence of active ventilation, minimal productivity of the ozone generator to ensure the MPC of ozone in the room = 0.1 mg/m3 is = 500 mg/year. Keywords: ultraviolet light, ozonation, photo oxidation, air purification, microclimate.
{"title":"Development of functional and technological schemes of universal air purification system from pathogenic microflora and other harmful impurities","authors":"Dovbnenko O. F.","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2022-15-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2022-15-21","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Development of functional and technological schemes of a universal air purification system for livestock and other industrial premises from pathogenic microflora and harmful impurities of chemical and biological origin to ensure the regulatory parameters of the microclimate.\u0000Methods. The research methodology is based on analytical, mathematical, and engineering methods of modeling technical means of maintaining the normative parameters of the air environment of production facilities using the results of previous experimental and industrial studies of electrical air purification products from harmful impurities.\u0000Results. The system of air purification with complex use of ultraviolet radiation and ozone in closed-type bactericidal installations is proposed, the method of intensification of air purification from impurities of chemical and biological origin by applying the effect of photooxidation is substantiated, functional and technological schemes of application of universal air purification system from pathogenic microflora and other harmful impurities in livestock and others are substantiated production facilities.\u0000Conclusions\u00003. The functional scheme of universal system of air purification from pathogenic microflora and other harmful impurities and technological scheme of its use in animal husbandry and other production premises is developed.\u00004. To ensure the average concentration of ozone at the level of MPC in the room for every 1000 m3 in the absence of active ventilation, minimal productivity of the ozone generator to ensure the MPC of ozone in the room = 0.1 mg/m3 is = 500 mg/year.\u0000Keywords: ultraviolet light, ozonation, photo oxidation, air purification, microclimate.","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125414481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.37204/0131-2189-2019-10-8
S. Stepanenko
Purpose. Establishment of the laws governing the movement of particles in the air flow with an uneven distribution of flow velocity and the action of additional forces arising from this. Methods. Theoretical studies are based on the basic principles of theoretical mechanics, in particular dynamics, as well as the theory of differential equations of the first and second order Results. A mathematical description is obtained of the movement of particles of the grain mixture in the chamber of a gravity-air separator during the action of air flows of variable speed, as well as the trajectory of particles with different sizes. With certain assumptions, the obtained patterns of change in the velocity of a material particle (point) from coordinates. Conclusions 1.Based on theoretical studies, taking into account deflecting forces, the possibility of separating particles of grain material into fractions by aerodynamic properties in vertical channels and with a lower discharge is determined. 2.The use of air flow as a separating carrier can significantly increase the value of the splitting of the trajectories and the criterion for the separation of grain into fractions. 3.Created simplified mathematical models of the movement of the components of the grain material in air separators with vertical channels, which allow us to determine the rational modes of operation of new technical means. Keywords: air flow, variable air speed, trajectory, stability of forces, fractions, fractionation process, grain mixture, air separator, pneumatic circular flow.
{"title":"Analytical studies of the technological parameters of the curved channel of the pneumatic separator","authors":"S. Stepanenko","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2019-10-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2019-10-8","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Establishment of the laws governing the movement of particles in the air flow with an uneven distribution of flow velocity and the action of additional forces arising from this.\u0000Methods. Theoretical studies are based on the basic principles of theoretical mechanics, in particular dynamics, as well as the theory of differential equations of the first and second order\u0000Results. A mathematical description is obtained of the movement of particles of the grain mixture in the chamber of a gravity-air separator during the action of air flows of variable speed, as well as the trajectory of particles with different sizes. With certain assumptions, the obtained patterns of change in the velocity of a material particle (point) from coordinates.\u0000Conclusions\u00001.Based on theoretical studies, taking into account deflecting forces, the possibility of separating particles of grain material into fractions by aerodynamic properties in vertical channels and with a lower discharge is determined.\u00002.The use of air flow as a separating carrier can significantly increase the value of the splitting of the trajectories and the criterion for the separation of grain into fractions.\u00003.Created simplified mathematical models of the movement of the components of the grain material in air separators with vertical channels, which allow us to determine the rational modes of operation of new technical means.\u0000Keywords: air flow, variable air speed, trajectory, stability of forces, fractions, fractionation process, grain mixture, air separator, pneumatic circular flow.","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126719961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.37204/0131-2189-2021-13-1
V. Adamchuk, V. Bulgakov, V. Nadykto, Y. Ihnatiev, M. Tikhovod
Annotation Purpose. It ensures a stable position of the trailed harrowing section for fallow treatment in the longitudinal-vertical plane by choosing its rational design parameters. Methods. Analytical using the fundamental provisions of theoretical mechanics and theory of agricultural machinery. Results. One of the tasks of fallow treatment in the arid conditions of the south of Ukraine is preserving soil moisture. The only significant problem is to ensure the stability of the position of the tillage implement in the longitudinal-vertical plane. To solve this problem, the agro-technical background of the fallow field should be processed to a sufficiently small depth, not exceeding 5–6 cm. Theoretical research has shown that there is no need to equip the harrowing section with shortened teeth of the second, third and fourth rows, as the impact of this design solution on the equilibrium position of the tool in the longitudinal-vertical plane is insignificant, and the complexity of its design is significant. When we increase the angle of installation to the horizon of plane-cutting elements φ, the angle of friction of the soil φт and the height of the tooth h, the angle of inclination of the leashes of the harrowing link to the horizon α should also be greater. Conclusions. The most significant influence on the harrowing link’s angle installation of the leashes α has the value of the distance between the rows of its teeth b. The rational values of this parameter are in the range of 0.27–0.29 m, which corresponds to the change of the angle α within 6–11°. In the absence of flat-cutting elements in the working bodies of the first row of the harrowing section, all values of the design parameters h, d, and b correspond to smaller values of the angle α. From the standpoint of reducing the size of this tillage tool, the second option is more acceptable. Moreover, it allows considering the influence of the installation angle of the segments φ on other parameters of the harrow. Keywords: fallow field, harrow, harrow tooth, stability.
{"title":"Theoretical study of uniform motion of the harrowing section for steam treatment","authors":"V. Adamchuk, V. Bulgakov, V. Nadykto, Y. Ihnatiev, M. Tikhovod","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2021-13-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2021-13-1","url":null,"abstract":"Annotation\u0000Purpose. It ensures a stable position of the trailed harrowing section for fallow treatment in the longitudinal-vertical plane by choosing its rational design parameters. \u0000Methods. Analytical using the fundamental provisions of theoretical mechanics and theory of agricultural machinery.\u0000Results. One of the tasks of fallow treatment in the arid conditions of the south of Ukraine is preserving soil moisture. The only significant problem is to ensure the stability of the position of the tillage implement in the longitudinal-vertical plane. To solve this problem, the agro-technical background of the fallow field should be processed to a sufficiently small depth, not exceeding 5–6 cm. Theoretical research has shown that there is no need to equip the harrowing section with shortened teeth of the second, third and fourth rows, as the impact of this design solution on the equilibrium position of the tool in the longitudinal-vertical plane is insignificant, and the complexity of its design is significant. When we increase the angle of installation to the horizon of plane-cutting elements φ, the angle of friction of the soil φт and the height of the tooth h, the angle of inclination of the leashes of the harrowing link to the horizon α should also be greater.\u0000Conclusions. The most significant influence on the harrowing link’s angle installation of the leashes α has the value of the distance between the rows of its teeth b. The rational values of this parameter are in the range of 0.27–0.29 m, which corresponds to the change of the angle α within 6–11°. In the absence of flat-cutting elements in the working bodies of the first row of the harrowing section, all values of the design parameters h, d, and b correspond to smaller values of the angle α. From the standpoint of reducing the size of this tillage tool, the second option is more acceptable. Moreover, it allows considering the influence of the installation angle of the segments φ on other parameters of the harrow.\u0000Keywords: fallow field, harrow, harrow tooth, stability.","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114368068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.37204/0131-2189-2021-13-5
S. Maranda, Yu. G. Vozhik
Annotation Purpose. Improving the quality of distribution of technological material by choosing a rational scheme of the multicopter and technological equipment for it. Reduction of damage to crops by terrestrial technical means in the process of plant protection through the development of a distribution and dosing system for multicopters. Methods. The designs of multicopters are analytically investigated and the construction scheme of the multicopter and technological equipment is determined. Results. The designs of multicopters are analyzed, and the design of the multicopter and the layout of the technological equipment are substantiated. The analysis of technological equipment for application with the use of plant protection multicopters is given. Based on the analysis of multicopter designs and their technological equipment, the advantages of their work are determined: they depend less on weather conditions and plant condition, but have a number of disadvantages, such as insufficient uniformity of material distribution and low productivity. Conclusions 1. It is established that with the appropriate improvement, multicopters will perform the vast majority of work when applying plant protection products, especially on wet soils. 2. During the technological operation of spraying, the performance of the multicopter is reduced by 20 % compared to the AIT due to the cost of working time to replace the battery. 3. The distribution of material on the surface of the field by multicopters, when performing a technological operation has a high unevenness (up to 70 %). 4. To increase the productivity and quality of the working fluid distribution, it is necessary to change the layout of the drive propellers and process equipment in the design of the multicopter. Keywords: agricultural multicopter, multicopter-sprayer, agricultural drone, liquid sprayers, ultra-low-volume spraying.
{"title":"Substantiation of the structural and functional scheme of the technical means based on a multi-copter for the introduction of plants protection","authors":"S. Maranda, Yu. G. Vozhik","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2021-13-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2021-13-5","url":null,"abstract":"Annotation\u0000Purpose. Improving the quality of distribution of technological material by choosing a rational scheme of the multicopter and technological equipment for it.\u0000Reduction of damage to crops by terrestrial technical means in the process of plant protection through the development of a distribution and dosing system for multicopters.\u0000Methods. The designs of multicopters are analytically investigated and the construction scheme of the multicopter and technological equipment is determined.\u0000Results. The designs of multicopters are analyzed, and the design of the multicopter and the layout of the technological equipment are substantiated. The analysis of technological equipment for application with the use of plant protection multicopters is given. Based on the analysis of multicopter designs and their technological equipment, the advantages of their work are determined: they depend less on weather conditions and plant condition, but have a number of disadvantages, such as insufficient uniformity of material distribution and low productivity.\u0000Conclusions\u00001. It is established that with the appropriate improvement, multicopters will perform the vast majority of work when applying plant protection products, especially on wet soils.\u00002. During the technological operation of spraying, the performance of the multicopter is reduced by 20 % compared to the AIT due to the cost of working time to replace the battery.\u00003. The distribution of material on the surface of the field by multicopters, when performing a technological operation has a high unevenness (up to 70 %).\u00004. To increase the productivity and quality of the working fluid distribution, it is necessary to change the layout of the drive propellers and process equipment in the design of the multicopter.\u0000Keywords: agricultural multicopter, multicopter-sprayer, agricultural drone, liquid sprayers, ultra-low-volume spraying.","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117326765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.37204/0131-2189-2019-10-9
O. Krupych, V. Banha, N. Veremeychyk, S. Krupych
Purpose. Improvement of the efficiency of technical means for shaking walnut fruits due to the rationale for the marginal accelerations of branch shaking and fruit separation. Methods. The basic principles of conducting a field experiment using modern measuring equipment for measuring acceleration in the tree crown, as well as methods of planned experiment and statistical data processing were used. Results. The acceleration of the skeletal branches shaking at the point of capture, the acceleration of fruit separation and the values of the coefficient of transfer of accelerations from the place of application of the exerting force to the point of suspension of the fetus are investigated. The separation of the fruits from the branches occurs due to the force caused by the oscillation of the points of suspension of the fruits, in the process of transmission to the skeletal branches of the first or second orders of excitatory effort. In these circumstances, the point of suspension of the fetus receives marginal acceleration, which breaks the fruit with or without fertilization in the case of full maturity. The acceleration of the separation and shaking of nuts in fertilization are 3.5 and 4.5 times higher, respectively, than for nuts without fertilization. The transfer of accelerations from the place of application of the force of effort is carried out on the crown of the skeletal branch and is characterized by the coefficient of transfer of accelerations. This coefficient largely depends on the placement of the fruit in the crown relative to the location of the transfer of the force and the size and mass parameters of the elements of the skeletal branches (branches of different orders). The acceleration of the separation and shaking of the fruit with open and closed fertilization was established. Conclusions. The acceleration of the separation and shaking of walnuts depends on the degree of ripeness of the fruit, the size parameters of the skeletal branches and the distance of the capture of the branch the diameter of the skeletal branch at the base and the place of application of the force of the force. For fruits with fertilization, the acceleration of separation and shaking are 189.4–255.7 m/s2 and 164.3–349.4 m/s2, respectively, and for nuts in open fertilization – 51.91–68.1 m/s2 and 45.76–72.76 m/s2. The coefficient of acceleration depends on the location of the fruit in the crown relative to the location of the transfer of the force and size-mass parameters of the elements of the skeletal branches (branches of different orders). Both attenuation and acceleration gain were established, which is indicated by the transmission coefficient, which is fixed in the range of 0.59–1.41. Keywords: walnuts, fruit skeletal branch, acceleration, shaking of fruits, separation of fruits, coefficient of transmission of accelerations
{"title":"Investigation of accelerations of branch shaking and walnut fruit separation","authors":"O. Krupych, V. Banha, N. Veremeychyk, S. Krupych","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2019-10-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2019-10-9","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Improvement of the efficiency of technical means for shaking walnut fruits due to the rationale for the marginal accelerations of branch shaking and fruit separation.\u0000Methods. The basic principles of conducting a field experiment using modern measuring equipment for measuring acceleration in the tree crown, as well as methods of planned experiment and statistical data processing were used.\u0000Results. The acceleration of the skeletal branches shaking at the point of capture, the acceleration of fruit separation and the values of the coefficient of transfer of accelerations from the place of application of the exerting force to the point of suspension of the fetus are investigated. The separation of the fruits from the branches occurs due to the force caused by the oscillation of the points of suspension of the fruits, in the process of transmission to the skeletal branches of the first or second orders of excitatory effort. In these circumstances, the point of suspension of the fetus receives marginal acceleration, which breaks the fruit with or without fertilization in the case of full maturity. The acceleration of the separation and shaking of nuts in fertilization are 3.5 and 4.5 times higher, respectively, than for nuts without fertilization. The transfer of accelerations from the place of application of the force of effort is carried out on the crown of the skeletal branch and is characterized by the coefficient of transfer of accelerations. This coefficient largely depends on the placement of the fruit in the crown relative to the location of the transfer of the force and the size and mass parameters of the elements of the skeletal branches (branches of different orders). The acceleration of the separation and shaking of the fruit with open and closed fertilization was established.\u0000Conclusions. The acceleration of the separation and shaking of walnuts depends on the degree of ripeness of the fruit, the size parameters of the skeletal branches and the distance of the capture of the branch the diameter of the skeletal branch at the base and the place of application of the force of the force. For fruits with fertilization, the acceleration of separation and shaking are 189.4–255.7 m/s2 and 164.3–349.4 m/s2, respectively, and for nuts in open fertilization – 51.91–68.1 m/s2 and 45.76–72.76 m/s2.\u0000The coefficient of acceleration depends on the location of the fruit in the crown relative to the location of the transfer of the force and size-mass parameters of the elements of the skeletal branches (branches of different orders). Both attenuation and acceleration gain were established, which is indicated by the transmission coefficient, which is fixed in the range of 0.59–1.41.\u0000Keywords: walnuts, fruit skeletal branch, acceleration, shaking of fruits, separation of fruits, coefficient of transmission of accelerations","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123366658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.37204/0131-2189-2021-13-22
V. Polishchuk, I. Rogovskii, S. Shvorov, D. Derevianko, Ye. O. Dvornik, T. Davidenko
Annotation Purpose. Increasing the biogas yield due to the rational mode of manure fermentation with the addition of substandard flour as a co-substrate. Methods. Experiment planning, methods of mathematical statistics. Analytical processing of experimental data. was carried out using the methods of mathematical statistics and probability theory on a computer in Excel and MathCad. Optimization problems were solved using the dichotomy method. Results. In methane fermentation of cattle manure with the addition of wheat flour as a co-substrate, the maximum yield of biogas was observed when adding 2.3% flour to the substrate. If the mass of flour increases to 10.6% methane fermentation quickly stops. Conclusions. Based on the research, the following results were obtained: • for quasi-continuous loading of the methane tank, the optimal flour content in the substrate is determined, which is 3%; • substantiated recommendations on the rational content of flour in the substrate in the range of 2.3–4%, which provides an increase in biogas yield during fermentation of a mixture of cow manure and flour in 1.5–2 times. Keywords: biogas, cosubstrate, methane tank, gasholder, cattle manure, flour, grain waste, bread waste, experimental researches.
{"title":"Study of the use of substandard flour as a co-substrate to increase biogas yield","authors":"V. Polishchuk, I. Rogovskii, S. Shvorov, D. Derevianko, Ye. O. Dvornik, T. Davidenko","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2021-13-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2021-13-22","url":null,"abstract":"Annotation\u0000Purpose. Increasing the biogas yield due to the rational mode of manure fermentation with the addition of substandard flour as a co-substrate. \u0000Methods. Experiment planning, methods of mathematical statistics. Analytical processing of experimental data. was carried out using the methods of mathematical statistics and probability theory on a computer in Excel and MathCad. Optimization problems were solved using the dichotomy method.\u0000Results. In methane fermentation of cattle manure with the addition of wheat flour as a co-substrate, the maximum yield of biogas was observed when adding 2.3% flour to the substrate. If the mass of flour increases to 10.6% methane fermentation quickly stops.\u0000Conclusions. Based on the research, the following results were obtained:\u0000• for quasi-continuous loading of the methane tank, the optimal flour content in the substrate is determined, which is 3%;\u0000• substantiated recommendations on the rational content of flour in the substrate in the range of 2.3–4%, which provides an increase in biogas yield during fermentation of a mixture of cow manure and flour in 1.5–2 times.\u0000Keywords: biogas, cosubstrate, methane tank, gasholder, cattle manure, flour, grain waste, bread waste, experimental researches.","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116718030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.37204/0131-2189-2022-15-5
Boyko A. L., Adamchuk V. V., Litvinyuk L. K., Demyanyiuk O. S., Boyko O. A., Kuraeva I. V., Voytiuk Yu. Yu.
Purpose. Study of the effect of biological products on sunflower yield and removal of chemical elements from the soil with husks and grain. Methods. Microbiological, field, analytical-experimental. Results. According to the research results, it was confirmed that the use of biological products makes it possible to regulate the intra-soil agrochemical process, influence the absorption coefficients of chemical elements from the soil by husks, seeds and leaves, increase crop increase and obtain environmentally friendly seeds. Sunflower carries a lot of phosphorus out of the soil. Conclusions. According to the results of production studies on the impact of biological products on the yield of sunflower of the French selection “Alzan” and the ecological purity of grain, it is established: 1. The use of biopreparations Bioecofunge-3, Bioecofunge-3 + Cerium and Ce + Bacillus subtilis makes it possible to regulate the intra-soil agrochemical process, including influencing the absorption rates of chemical elements from the soil with husks, seeds and leaves, increasing the increase in yield in the range of 20.95–41.21% and obtaining environmentally friendly sunflower seeds. It is confirmed that sunflower seeds are very depleting of phosphorus from the soil (phosphorus absorption rate is 40.0). 2. To replenish the soil with phosphorus, it is necessary to use husks for composting. Burning husks and leaves to obtain energy recovery will lead to environmental pollution by ions of phosphorus, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, germanium, lead and bismuth. 3. To reduce environmental pollution in post-harvest current operations from γ – radiation, it is necessary to improve the purification of sunflower seeds in the combine. 4. In order to obtain environmentally hazardous crop production, it is necessary to justify the MPC on the gross content of chemical elements in the soil from hydrogen to uranium and in the process of performing technological operations in the mode of the unit's movement to automatically compare the determined gross content of chemical elements with justified MPC, and make a decision on the choice of necessary technological operations in the introduction of biological products for the creation of growth conditions in the intra-soil agrochemical environment and development of cultivated crops and obtaining dangerous agricultural products, but for this it is necessary to develop a universal program for the regulation of the intra-soil agrochemical process, taking into account the peculiarities of the soil and climatic zones of Ukraine and climate change on planet Earth. Keywords: verbatim, soil, chemical elements, biologics, absorption rate, sunflower, husks, seeds, yield, ecology.
{"title":"Investigation of the effect of biological products on sunflower yield and removal of husks and seeds from the crushed chemical elements","authors":"Boyko A. L., Adamchuk V. V., Litvinyuk L. K., Demyanyiuk O. S., Boyko O. A., Kuraeva I. V., Voytiuk Yu. Yu.","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2022-15-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2022-15-5","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Study of the effect of biological products on sunflower yield and removal of chemical elements from the soil with husks and grain. \u0000Methods. Microbiological, field, analytical-experimental.\u0000Results. According to the research results, it was confirmed that the use of biological products makes it possible to regulate the intra-soil agrochemical process, influence the absorption coefficients of chemical elements from the soil by husks, seeds and leaves, increase crop increase and obtain environmentally friendly seeds. Sunflower carries a lot of phosphorus out of the soil.\u0000Conclusions. According to the results of production studies on the impact of biological products on the yield of sunflower of the French selection “Alzan” and the ecological purity of grain, it is established:\u00001. The use of biopreparations Bioecofunge-3, Bioecofunge-3 + Cerium and Ce + Bacillus subtilis makes it possible to regulate the intra-soil agrochemical process, including influencing the absorption rates of chemical elements from the soil with husks, seeds and leaves, increasing the increase in yield in the range of 20.95–41.21% and obtaining environmentally friendly sunflower seeds. It is confirmed that sunflower seeds are very depleting of phosphorus from the soil (phosphorus absorption rate is 40.0).\u00002. To replenish the soil with phosphorus, it is necessary to use husks for composting. Burning husks and leaves to obtain energy recovery will lead to environmental pollution by ions of phosphorus, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, germanium, lead and bismuth.\u00003. To reduce environmental pollution in post-harvest current operations from γ – radiation, it is necessary to improve the purification of sunflower seeds in the combine.\u00004. In order to obtain environmentally hazardous crop production, it is necessary to justify the MPC on the gross content of chemical elements in the soil from hydrogen to uranium and in the process of performing technological operations in the mode of the unit's movement to automatically compare the determined gross content of chemical elements with justified MPC, and make a decision on the choice of necessary technological operations in the introduction of biological products for the creation of growth conditions in the intra-soil agrochemical environment and development of cultivated crops and obtaining dangerous agricultural products, but for this it is necessary to develop a universal program for the regulation of the intra-soil agrochemical process, taking into account the peculiarities of the soil and climatic zones of Ukraine and climate change on planet Earth.\u0000Keywords: verbatim, soil, chemical elements, biologics, absorption rate, sunflower, husks, seeds, yield, ecology.","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122013730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.37204/0131-2189-2019-10-1
V. Adamchuk, V. Bulgakov, I. Holovach, Z. Ruzhylo
Purpose. Increase of efficiency of potato tubers cleaning process from impurities of new construction of spiral separator taking into account and activation of vibrating process of its cleaning spiral springs. Methods. The research was carried out with the use of higher mathematics, theoretical mechanics, elasticity theory and methods of programming and numerical calculations with the help of PC. Results. For the developed construction of the spiral separator of potato heap, which consists of cantilever mounted cleaning spiral springs, the mathematical model of free ends of spiral oscillations under the influence of external load is developed. An equivalent bending scheme of the cantilever spiral under the action of uniformly distributed load, selected corresponding axes of coordinates and parameters characterizing the vibrational process of the spiral end are determined. For such an equivalent scheme, a differential equation of cleaning spiral oscillations in partial derivatives is made for the first time. After the corresponding transformations, the differential equation was numerically solved according to the program, by means of a PC. This made it possible to find the dependence of the change in the winding pitch of the cleaning spiral spring as a result of its deformation, in particular, the simultaneous longitudinal stretching and transverse deflection, on its length. Also new analytical dependences of the reduced moment of inertia of the section of the cantilever spring are received, on the basis of which graphic dependences of change of its value on length of a spiral spring at the set diameter, pitch of skills, angle of rise of a coil and angular speed of rotation have been received on the PC. Conclusions 1.The calculated mathematical model of vibrations of the working bodies of the spiral separator of potato heap is constructed, as a result the differential equation of transverse bending vibrations of its console cleaning spiral spring is made. 2.On the basis of the differential equation solution of transverse bending oscillations of the cleaning spiral spring the analytical expressions describing the law of vibrational process and deflection of the spiral spring at any moment of time for any point of its longitudinal axis are received. 3.Analytical dependencies are obtained to determine the variable pitch of a curved coil spring at any given time and for any inter-turn lumen during this oscillatory process. 4.At the angular velocity of the spiral spring, which is equal to ω = 30 rad∙s-1, the density of the material of which the spring is made, = 7700 kg∙m-3, modulus of elasticity Е = 2∙1011 Pa, the radius of the bar = 8.5 mm, uniformly distributed spiral spring load by potato heap intensity 1000 Н∙m-1 the total spring deflection along its length varies from 0 to 0.25 m. 5.The obtained analytical expressions of restriction on the maximum change of the cleaning spiral spring pitch at its fluctuations from the condition that potato tubers
{"title":"Theoretical studies of oscillations of the cleaning working bodies spiral potato separator","authors":"V. Adamchuk, V. Bulgakov, I. Holovach, Z. Ruzhylo","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2019-10-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2019-10-1","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Increase of efficiency of potato tubers cleaning process from impurities of new construction of spiral separator taking into account and activation of vibrating process of its cleaning spiral springs.\u0000Methods. The research was carried out with the use of higher mathematics, theoretical mechanics, elasticity theory and methods of programming and numerical calculations with the help of PC.\u0000Results. For the developed construction of the spiral separator of potato heap, which consists of cantilever mounted cleaning spiral springs, the mathematical model of free ends of spiral oscillations under the influence of external load is developed.\u0000An equivalent bending scheme of the cantilever spiral under the action of uniformly distributed load, selected corresponding axes of coordinates and parameters characterizing the vibrational process of the spiral end are determined. For such an equivalent scheme, a differential equation of cleaning spiral oscillations in partial derivatives is made for the first time.\u0000After the corresponding transformations, the differential equation was numerically solved according to the program, by means of a PC. This made it possible to find the dependence of the change in the winding pitch of the cleaning spiral spring as a result of its deformation, in particular, the simultaneous longitudinal stretching and transverse deflection, on its length. Also new analytical dependences of the reduced moment of inertia of the section of the cantilever spring are received, on the basis of which graphic dependences of change of its value on length of a spiral spring at the set diameter, pitch of skills, angle of rise of a coil and angular speed of rotation have been received on the PC.\u0000Conclusions\u00001.The calculated mathematical model of vibrations of the working bodies of the spiral separator of potato heap is constructed, as a result the differential equation of transverse bending vibrations of its console cleaning spiral spring is made.\u00002.On the basis of the differential equation solution of transverse bending oscillations of the cleaning spiral spring the analytical expressions describing the law of vibrational process and deflection of the spiral spring at any moment of time for any point of its longitudinal axis are received.\u00003.Analytical dependencies are obtained to determine the variable pitch of a curved coil spring at any given time and for any inter-turn lumen during this oscillatory process.\u00004.At the angular velocity of the spiral spring, which is equal to ω = 30 rad∙s-1, the density of the material of which the spring is made, = 7700 kg∙m-3, modulus of elasticity Е = 2∙1011 Pa, the radius of the bar = 8.5 mm, uniformly distributed spiral spring load by potato heap intensity 1000 Н∙m-1 the total spring deflection along its length varies from 0 to 0.25 m.\u00005.The obtained analytical expressions of restriction on the maximum change of the cleaning spiral spring pitch at its fluctuations from the condition that potato tubers","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128171084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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