Mehanization and electrification of agricultural最新文献

{"title":"Regulation of technological loading on soils: a concept for solving the problem","authors":"S. Bulygin, S. V. Vitvitskiy, M. E. Bulygina","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2021-13-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2021-13-2","url":null,"abstract":"Аnnotation\u0000Purpose. Justify the possibility and feasibility of using the technological standard (Tn) to regulate the technological load on soils to eliminate the conditions of their degradation using the energy assessment of the action of agricultural machinery systems and agronomic measures in terms of the structural-aggregate and humus state, as well as biological activity.\u0000Methods. General scientific (field, morphological-genetic, comparative-analytical, agroanalytical, laboratory) and special (determination of the content of elementary soil particles (ESP) and microaggregation by the microscopic method according to Bulygin S. Yu.).\u0000Results. Under the conditions of stationary experiments of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, it was revealed that more than 60 years of use of alkaline chernozem soil in a 10-field crop rotation with a field of clover with a traditional tillage system using moldboard plowing against the background of different fertilization options did not significantly worsen any of the parameters of agrophysical and humus state, biological activity, quantitative and species composition of the microbiological pool.\u0000More than 40 years of use of dark gray podzolized soil at a full rate of fertilization, applying lime to neutralize hydrolytic acidity and growing green manures after cereal early ripening crops, leaving the non-marketable part of the crop on the field under the conditions of a traditional processing system with moldboard plowing in a 7-field crop rotation , also with a field of clover, did not worsen the main parameters of its fertility.\u0000A conceptual mathematical model has been developed for the processing soil conservation agriculture systems based on the studies.\u0000Conclusions\u00001. Agrophysical parameters of soil have different information content and different sensibility. Each hierarchical level of the soil body system is characterized by a certain set of indicators, including agrophysical ones. It has been established that a scientifically grounded crop rotation against the background of moderate doses of mineral fertilizers, necessary chemical ameliorants with the abandonment of the non-commercial part of the crop and the use of green manure after early grain crops guaranteed to hold the agro physical condition of soils from deterioration.\u00002. The guarantor of a quasi-stable humus state is the stability of the agrophysical framework of the soil system and the harmony of the microbiological pool, the quantitative and species composition of which determines the balance of the synthesis and mineralization of humus and other organic substances.\u00003. Changing the effective influence of the living soil phase is determined by its agrophysical state, which leads to a change in the humus state – the first iteration passed. Next – the next and next chain of the spiral of the “life” of the soil (thesis-antithesis synthesis by Hegel), until the bottom or the top of the dynamic equilibrium is achieved, which is determined by ","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117257468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problems of power division between the devices of agricultural machine-tractor units","authors":"Tretyak V. M., Govorov O. F., Matskevich Yu. M., Oliadnichuk R. V.","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2022-15-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2022-15-14","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Determination of the rational use of various types of transmissions in the creation of multi-moving agricultural machine-tractor units.\u0000Methods. Analysis of technical characteristics of sources of mechanical energy, synthesis of power distribution system using motor-wheels.\u0000Results. Based on the analysis of literary sources, proposals were received for the choice of transmissions for multi-moving agricultural machine-tractor units. A kinematic synthesis of an electromechanical transmission for individual propellers for various purposes is proposed.\u0000Conclusions\u00001. The maximum transport speed of modern agricultural tractors is in the range of 40 ÷ 50 km/h, and the minimum technological speed at the maximum power of the traction vehicle (TV) can be within 4 ÷ 5 km/h when working with a soil loosener.\u00002. Modern agricultural TV should have a ratio of maximum speed to minimum speed up to 10.\u00003. The nominal range of rotation frequencies of traction electric motors available on the market is not able to overlap the ratio more than 2 ÷ 2.5.\u00004. The kinematic combination of the rotation frequencies of two electric motors allows you to cover the range of operating speeds of the MTA without mechanical switching of the transmission elements.\u00005. The proposed autonomous motor-transmission unit allows to compose MTA with the distribution of electrical power between additional engines of technological modules of MTA.\u0000Keywords: machine-tractor unit, transmission, traction concept, mover, electric wheel motor.","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126740750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technical and technological recommendations for the use of biological preparations and fertilizers for growing vegetables","authors":"Zuyakova L. P.","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2022-15-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2022-15-8","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Obstructing the use of biological preparations for the cultivation of vegetables in the conduct of organic farming.\u0000Methods. Analytical review of scientific and technical dzherel, normative, balance sheets and technical and economic developments.\u0000Results. The experience of using the biological method of plant protection is summarized and the recommendations for its application to vegetables are substantiated, and the main priority biological preparations for the protection of vegetables are determined.\u0000Conclusions. Biological protection of vegetable production products will provide an opportunity to obtain ecologically clean products, suitable for the production of children’s, dietary and food in general, which have economically beneficial quality indicators and prospects for entering the markets of European Union countries, attracting investments, will contribute to the comprehensive development of rural areas and improve health.\u0000It is recommended to plant biopreparations at all stages of growing vegetation, which positively influences the quality and quantity of vegetable production.\u0000Keywords: biological preparations, plant protection, vegetable growing, organic farming, plant nutrition.","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125240483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substantiation of technical and technological parameters of the electrical system of air purification of livestock premises from harmful impurities","authors":"O. Dovbnenko","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2021-13-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2021-13-20","url":null,"abstract":"Annotation\u0000Purpose. Establishment of technical and technological parameters of the electrical system of air purification of livestock premises from harmful impurities to achieve maximum energy efficiency of their application.\u0000Methods. Methods of analysis, mathematical modeling and engineering methods of calculation of ultraviolet bactericidal installations are used.\u0000Results. The requirements to the parameters of the microclimate of livestock premises, concentrations of harmful pollutants entering the air due to the life of animals and the technological process of their maintenance, methods of cleaning and disinfection of the air are analyzed. The method of air purification with complex application of ultraviolet radiation and ozone in bactericidal installations of the closed type (recirculators) is offered, the rational structural and technological parameters of bactericidal recirculators for cleaning the air of animals from harmful impurities are substantiated: the power of UV-C radiation, the performance of the ozone generator, the operating modes of bactericidal lamps and ozonators. The results of production tests of the experimental sample of bactericidal recirculator in the premises of the rabbit farm are given.\u0000Conclusions\u00001. The rational value of the specific power of bactericidal radiation is \u0000 = 65–121 W/thousand m3 of air passing through the irradiation chamber.\u00002. The specific productivity of the ozonator to ensure the purification of air from harmful impurities in the presence of people in the room is \u0000 = 100– 200 mg/h, and for complete cleaning and mercurization of the premises – = 100–500 g/h.\u00003. For optimal operation of bactericidal lamps, achieving maximum cleaning and disinfection of air, as well as preventing excess of ozone concentration in the air of the working area of the premises, it is necessary to use joint use of ozone-free bactericidal lamps and ozonators with automatic indoor air control system.\u0000Keywords: ultraviolet, ozonation, recirculator, air purification, \u0000UV-c radiation parameters, ozone generator.","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122134424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical studies of the movement speed of the sunflower material in the working gap of the threshing-separating device of the plot combine","authors":"S. Kustov, S. Stepanenko, A. Kuzmych","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2021-13-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2021-13-10","url":null,"abstract":"Annotation\u0000Purpose. Refinement of the mathematical description for calculating the movement of particles of sunflower material in the working gap of the threshing-separating device of the plot combine.\u0000Methods. Theoretical studies were carried out on the basis of the analysis of the dynamics of the movement of particles of sunflower material relative to the surface of a closed-type drum of a selection combine.\u0000Results. A mathematical description of the movement of particles of sunflower material in the working gap of the threshing-separating device of a selection combine with a closed drum is given. The dependence of the speed of movement of material particles on the initial speed of material feeding has been established. The dependence of the particle velocity on the radius of the closed-type drum of the selection combine has been established. The dependence of the speed of movement of the mass of sunflower material under the action of a closed-type drum of a selection combine on the coefficient of friction of the material is obtained.\u0000Conclusions. The obtained theoretical dependences of the speed of movement of the mass of sunflower material in the working gap of the threshing device of the selection harvester make it possible to substantiate the rational design and technological parameters of the closed-type threshing drum.\u0000Keywords: closed drum, speed, movement, coefficient of friction, plot combine, sunflower.","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"448 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134542610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concept of production development strategy biological plant protection products","authors":"V. Krutyakova","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2019-10-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2019-10-22","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose. Increase of biologization level of agriculture in Ukraine on the basis of working out of the development strategy concept of regional networks of the enterprises on manufacture of plants biological protection frames.\u0000Methods. The researches were carried out on the basis of the analysis of the current state, necessary literary sources and existing normative-legal documents on the issues of biologization of agriculture in Ukraine.\u0000The results. The concept of formation and development of the strategy of regional networks of enterprises for the production of agriculture biologization means, which consists of four blocks: target block – reducing the impact of chemicals on crop production and the environment; forecast-analytical block – determining the structure of crops, the volume of production; block of environmental factors – determining where it is possible to replace chemicals with biological ones; conceptual block – assessment of the possibility of creating a system of biofactories and laboratories and the solution of the problem. In order to implement the strategy for the production of crop biologization agents, the following scenario of development of entomological and microbiological industry is proposed: organizational direction, economic direction, technical and technological direction, normative and legal direction. The paper also proposes the stages of implementation of the scenario of the industry development for the production of plant breeding biologization means: partial modernization of existing production facilities; large-scale investment development of the direction.\u0000Conclusions\u00001.The offered concept of strategy of development of entomological and microbiological industry for biological protection of plants is a necessary condition of development of organic agriculture, maintenance of manufacture of high-quality organic production and essential reduction of influence of chemical methods of struggle against wreckers on an ecological condition of environment. Such concept should be immediately introduced in Ukraine.\u00002.As a result of implementation of tasks on development of serial production of technological equipment for equipping of biological production, reconstruction, technical re-equipment and creation of new biological factories and biolaboratories the dynamics of increase in production of means of agriculture biologization is predicted.\u0000Keywords: biologization of agriculture, entomologist and microbiological industry, concept, development strategy, regulatory framework.","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"210 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116043100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the strength limit of the bark of a plum tree trunk under the action of normal compression","authors":"Krupych O. M., Semen Y. M., Kudrynetskyi R. B., Krupych S. O., Dumych V. V.","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2022-15-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2022-15-12","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Reduction of damage to trunks of tree bark due to substantiation of the parameters of the harvesting technique using the method of determining the strength limit of tree bark in field conditions during research and the device for its implementation.\u0000Methods. Standardized and improved methods of determining the strength limit of tree bark under normal load were used, as well as the basic provisions for conducting laboratory and field experiments.\u0000Results. During field research, the developed method of determining the strength limit of tree bark was applied. It was established that highly elastic deformation of the bark does not affect the functional properties of phloem, phelloderm and cambium, i.e. after removing the load, the bark is completely restored, and irreversible plastic deformation leads to the death of bark fibers. The transition to the region of plastic deformation is marked by a sharp increase in the rate of deformation at a constant rate of load application, i.e. the strength limit of the crust is overcome and the flow fluidity phase.\u0000To implement the improved method, the developed device was used to determine the strength limit of the crust under normal compression, which made it possible to substantiate the parameters of the overlays of working organs and modes of operation of shakers of fruit-harvesting means and machines during development.\u0000Conclusions. The proposed method and device made it possible to determine the bark strength limit during normal compression in the field without damaging the tree bark. It was established that for plum orchard trees with diameters of 50–200 mm, it is 0.68–1.74 MPa and depends on the thickness of the cork tissue, which increases with the age of the tree. The method of implementing the method and the device is universal, therefore it is advisable to use it during field tests to determine the limit of bark strength for other fruit and nut trees.\u0000Keywords: method, instrument, tree bark, normal pressure, strength limit.","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134379995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The rationale for choosing a pigsty heating system","authors":"N. Boltianska, O. Boltyanski","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2019-10-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2019-10-11","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. To analyze the types of heating systems for heating a pig farm. Determine the factors that have a significant impact on the choice of heating and ventilation systems of the pig farm and justify the choice of the heating system for pigsties.\u0000Methods. To justify the choice of a pigsty heating system, the methods of comparative and system analysis, synthesis, scientific generalizations and the method of argumentation were used.\u0000Results. The types of heating systems for heating a pig farm are analyzed. The share of costs for heat supply and microclimate in the total costs of fuel and energy resources in pig holding facilities is given. The necessary temperature regime for sows, piglets weeks from birth and pigs for fattening was determined. The factors that have a significant influence on the selection of the system of heating and ventilation of the pig farm are determined. \u0000Conclusions. In addition to the room configuration, the choice of a heating system is significantly affected by the presence of various energy sources in the household, the equipment used and the availability of labor resources. Heating must be synchronized with the ventilation system. Given the energy efficiency and the absence of drafts in the growing sections, it is advisable to use an infrared type of heating. An effective heating system for heating a room with weaned pigs is a “warm” floor, which is advisable to use with infrared heaters.\u0000Keywords: pigsty, microclimate, heat supply, heating system, ventilation system, advantages and disadvantages, infrared heating, coolant.","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116777040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The results of laboratory field studies of the disinfectant for layer-by-layer seed treatment","authors":"V. V. Ratushnyy, Yu. V. Kosovets","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2021-13-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2021-13-3","url":null,"abstract":"Annotation\u0000Purpose. Improving the efficiency of pesticide use by developing a technical tool for environmentally friendly layer-by-layer treatment of seeds with protective and stimulating preparations, which will improve the quality of seed treatment and environmental safety\u0000Methods. The study used the method of planning experiments and experimental calculation method.\u0000Results. Laboratory field studies of an experimental sample of a disinfectant for layer-by-layer treatment of seeds with protective and stimulating preparations were carried out in production conditions. An experimental dependence of the quality indicators of layer-by-layer treatment of crop seeds with protective and stimulating preparations on the modes of operation of the disinfectant was obtained.\u0000Conclusions. Experimental dependences of the productivity of the disinfectant on the height of the outlet slit of the seed dispenser were obtained. It is established that the productivity of the seed treatment process is from 0.6 t/h to 7.2 t/h. Mathematical models of the relationship between the quality of layer-by-layer seed treatment and the supply of seeds and working fluid. According to the production test of the experimental sample of the disinfectant for layered treatment of seeds with protective and stimulating preparations, it was found that when feeding sunflower seeds 0.32 kg/s and applying the working solution of the disinfectant 16 ml/s, the completeness of seed treatment was 82%, unevenness – 8%, seed injury – 0, the productivity of the seed treatment process – 1.15 t/h. The specific energy consumption of the process was 0.82 kW×h/t of treated sunflower seeds.\u0000Keywords: seeds, disinfectant, layer-by-layer treatment, protective and stimulating preparations, parameters.","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121771183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on energy efficiency of the process of harvesting by-products of corn and sunflower","authors":"A. Kuzmych, M. Aneliak, O. Hrytsaka, O. O. Konoval","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2021-13-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2021-13-8","url":null,"abstract":"Annotation\u0000Purpose. Systematize energy costs in the implementation of technological processes for harvesting by-products of corn and sunflower for energy purposes.\u0000Methods. Processing of analytical and experimental data based on the basic provisions of mathematical statistics, simulation using a computer and software mathematical environments MathCad, Statistics, Microsoft Office.\u0000Results. The calculations of energy efficiency indicators of the use of corn and sunflower for energy purposes are given. The dependences of the energy efficiency of the technological process of harvesting the crushed mass of corn and sunflower in pressed form on the yield at different levels of humidity of the non-grain part of the crop are obtained.\u0000Conclusions. It is established that the value of energy costs to compensate for the removal of elements by different components of the non-grain part of the crop varies significantly: corn – 0.36–2.15 MJ/kg; sunflower – 0.7–1.63 MJ/kg.\u0000The coefficient of energy efficiency of the developed process of harvesting corn for energy purposes, taking into account the removal of nutrients is 10.5–11.5, sunflower – 8.7–9.0, with a humidity of 20%.\u0000Keywords: non-grain part of corn and sunflower harvest, harvesting of non-grain part, energy efficiency.","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125450696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}