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X-ray stereo imaging technique for disparity analysis 视差分析用x射线立体成像技术
Pub Date : 1995-06-09 DOI: 10.1109/CBMS.1995.465452
H. Longbotham, H. Kothari, P. Yan
Presents a simple, fast method for stereo matching of edges on several layers (depths). This method is applied to medical images and to the reverse engineering of printed circuit boards. Differences in images of real-world scenes may be induced by the relative displacement of two cameras. These differences are important because they contain encoded information that can allow a partial reconstruction of the 3D structure of the scene from 2D projections. When such differences occur between two images, the two images are said to have some disparity between them. The determination of disparity is called the correspondence problem. The interpretation of disparity into meaningful statements about the scene, such as specifications of depth, velocity, shape, and so forth, is a field of ongoing research. The primary goal of this paper is to address the correspondence problem using multiple views of a scene with objects at different (discrete) depths using a transparent medium (X-ray imaging). The secondary goal of this paper is to provide a new method of feature (edge) extraction. These features are used for stereo matching. This paper demonstrates the ability to match straight edges and provides an extension to curved edges.<>
提出了一种简单、快速的多层(深度)边缘立体匹配方法。该方法适用于医学图像和印刷电路板的逆向工程。真实场景的图像差异可能是由两个相机的相对位移引起的。这些差异很重要,因为它们包含编码信息,可以允许从2D投影部分重建场景的3D结构。当两幅图像之间出现这种差异时,这两幅图像之间就会有一些差异。视差的确定称为对应问题。将视差解释为有关场景的有意义的陈述,如深度、速度、形状等规格,是一个正在进行的研究领域。本文的主要目标是使用透明介质(x射线成像)在不同(离散)深度使用物体的场景的多个视图来解决对应问题。本文的第二个目标是提供一种新的特征(边缘)提取方法。这些特征用于立体匹配。本文证明了匹配直边的能力,并提供了对弯曲边的扩展。
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引用次数: 1
Design and implementation of a digital teleultrasound system for real-time remote diagnosis 实时远程诊断数字远程超声系统的设计与实现
Pub Date : 1995-06-09 DOI: 10.1109/CBMS.1995.465413
Johnie Sublett, B. J. Dempsey, A. Weaver
Presents the design and implementation of a digital image capture and distribution system that supports remote ultrasound examinations and, in particular, real-time diagnosis for these examinations. The system was designed in conjunction with radiologists and staff in the Department of Radiology at the University of Virginia Hospital. Based on readily available microcomputer components, our teleultrasound system handles the acquisition, digitizing, and reliable transmission of still and moving images generated by an ultrasound machine. The digital images have a resolution of 640/spl times/480 with an 8-bit color plane, con be captured at rates up to 30 frames/sec, and are compressed and decompressed in real-time using specialized hardware. While scalable to communications networks of any transmission speed, initial deployment is envisioned for 1.5 Mbit/s T-1 leased lines. To achieve real-time still image distribution and to reduce the bandwidth necessary for motion video, the teleultrasound design employs lossy image compression based on the JPEG standard. The effects of JPEG compression on diagnostic quality are being studied in a separate signal detection study with the Department of Radiology at the University of Virginia.<>
介绍了一种数字图像捕获和分配系统的设计和实现,该系统支持远程超声检查,特别是这些检查的实时诊断。该系统是与弗吉尼亚大学医院放射科的放射科医生和工作人员共同设计的。基于现成的微型计算机组件,我们的远程超声系统处理由超声机器产生的静止和运动图像的采集、数字化和可靠传输。数字图像的分辨率为640/spl倍/480,采用8位彩色平面,可以高达30帧/秒的速率捕获,并使用专用硬件进行实时压缩和解压缩。虽然可扩展到任何传输速度的通信网络,但最初的部署设想为1.5 Mbit/s的T-1租用线路。为了实现实时的静态图像分布和减少运动视频所需的带宽,远程超声设计采用了基于JPEG标准的有损图像压缩。JPEG压缩对诊断质量的影响正在弗吉尼亚大学放射学系的一项独立的信号检测研究中进行研究。
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引用次数: 35
VOXAR-all ATM distributed biomedical visualization: 1) local OC-3 linked workstation cluster, 2) remote OC-3 linked 40 GFLOPS Cray T3D MPP VOXAR-all ATM分布式生物医学可视化:1)本地OC-3连接工作站集群,2)远程OC-3连接40 GFLOPS Cray T3D MPP
Pub Date : 1995-06-09 DOI: 10.1109/CBMS.1995.465420
W. Kraske, F. W. George
Northrop Grumman Corp. (NGC), in collaboration with Cray Research and the University of Southern California (USC), has developed a distributed biomedical 3D visualization system. Currently, this system provides an extended AVS visualization capability to a cluster of SUN SPARC-20 workstations located at three locations across the USC Health Sciences Campus. A supercomputer complex of a HiPPI-connected Cray YMP vector architecture and a Cray T3D massively parallel processing (MPP) architecture provides a 40 GFLOPS processing capability to a remote cluster of three workstations via an ATM-switched SONET STS-3 link. The workstations run the AVS kernel locally while using remote procedure calls to run AVS modules on the Cray YMP. NGC modifies AVS modules, then spawns processes distributively across entire partitions of the Cray T3D using an NGC-Cray virtual shared memory protocol and underlying Cray T3D memory management hardware. Communication between the workstation cluster and the supercomputers is then provided with TCP/IP sockets over the SONET STS-3 link. This configuration provides an interactive real-time visualization capability to a remote AVS workstation environment operating on a physician's desktop. To provide a cohesive integration of this system, an object-relational database management system (O-RDBMS) is applied to provide representation of 3D spatial objects and relations of these objects to other applications. Management of network and mosaic resources, enabling access to the medical community, is under development with new extensions of the existing O-RDBMS.<>
诺斯罗普·格鲁曼公司(NGC)与克雷研究公司和南加州大学(USC)合作,开发了一种分布式生物医学3D可视化系统。目前,该系统为位于南加州大学健康科学校区三个地点的SUN SPARC-20工作站集群提供了扩展的AVS可视化功能。一个由由hipi连接的Cray YMP矢量架构和Cray T3D大规模并行处理(MPP)架构组成的超级计算机综合体,通过atm交换的SONET STS-3链路,为三个工作站的远程集群提供40 GFLOPS的处理能力。工作站在本地运行AVS内核,同时使用远程过程调用在Cray YMP上运行AVS模块。NGC修改AVS模块,然后使用NGC-Cray虚拟共享内存协议和底层Cray T3D内存管理硬件,在Cray T3D的整个分区上分布式地生成进程。工作站集群和超级计算机之间的通信随后通过SONET STS-3链路提供TCP/IP套接字。该配置为在医生桌面上操作的远程AVS工作站环境提供了交互式实时可视化功能。为了提供该系统的内聚集成,应用了对象关系数据库管理系统(O-RDBMS)来提供三维空间对象的表示以及这些对象与其他应用程序的关系。网络和马赛克资源的管理,使访问医疗社区,正在开发与现有的O-RDBMS的新扩展。
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引用次数: 0
The use of reliability index /spl beta//sub s/ in a hospital safety system 可靠性指标/spl beta//sub s/在医院安全系统中的应用
Pub Date : 1995-06-09 DOI: 10.1109/CBMS.1995.465450
Jen Chen, Kuo-Lane Chen
Establishes a new method to determine the safety of a hospital building. A good hospital building should be capable of resisting various loadings such as dead load, live load, wind load, earthquake load, flooding load, thermal load and others. A safety building can be designed using a basic structural analysis. Most loadings vary with time. It is evident that a building needs a simultaneous dynamic analysis. These lateral loadings are random phenomena. Probability theory can be used to analyze these loadings. By using the method of load and resistance factor design (LRFD), we derive a reliability index, which is quite useful in structural design and can be used to indicate the consistency of safety for a hospital.<>
建立了一种确定医院建筑物安全性的新方法。一个好的医院建筑应该能够抵抗各种荷载,如恒载、活载、风荷载、地震荷载、洪水荷载、热荷载等。安全建筑的设计可以使用基本结构分析。大多数负载随时间变化。很明显,建筑物需要同时进行动力分析。这些横向荷载是随机现象。概率论可以用来分析这些负载。采用荷载和阻力系数设计方法,推导出可靠度指标,该指标在结构设计中非常有用,可用于指示医院的安全一致性。
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引用次数: 0
Kolmogorov complexity of finite sequences and recognition of different preictal EEG patterns 有限序列的Kolmogorov复杂度与不同预测脑电模式的识别
Pub Date : 1995-06-09 DOI: 10.1109/CBMS.1995.465426
A. Petrosian
The problem of an adequate quantitative interpretation of epileptic EEG recordings is of great importance in the understanding, recognition and treatment of epilepsy. In recent years, much effort has been made to develop computerized methods which can characterize different interictal, ictal and postictal stages. The main issue of whether there exist a preictal phenomenon is unresolved. In this paper, we address this issue making use of the most basic representation of data complexity, namely the algorithmic information content. In general this measure, also known as Kolmogorov complexity, represents the compressibility of the data strings. It can also be used to describe properties (linear and nonlinear) of the underlying dynamical system. We analyze Kolmogorov complexity and related characteristics of intracranial EEG recordings containing preictal, ictal and postictal segments.<>
癫痫病脑电图记录的充分定量解释问题对癫痫的认识、识别和治疗具有重要意义。近年来,人们作出了很大的努力来发展计算机化的方法,这些方法可以描述不同的中期、中期和后期阶段。是否存在预测现象的主要问题尚未解决。在本文中,我们利用数据复杂性的最基本表示,即算法信息内容来解决这个问题。一般来说,这种度量,也称为Kolmogorov复杂度,表示数据字符串的可压缩性。它也可以用来描述底层动力系统的特性(线性和非线性)。我们分析了颅前段、颅后段和颅后段脑电记录的Kolmogorov复杂度及其相关特征。
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引用次数: 224
A study on the knowledge-based thinning algorithm that preserve the shape of the Korean character image 基于知识的韩文字符图像减薄算法研究
Pub Date : 1995-06-09 DOI: 10.1109/CBMS.1995.465433
Kwak Yoonsik, Choi Kihyung
The thinning algorithm is a preprocessing technique that is an important part of image processing techniques. As the scope of its applied and related fields, such as character recognition systems, has been wider, so has its research been active. A Korean character consists of an initial phoneme, a medial vowel and a final phoneme. It has the aspect that, according to its placement, its size and shape can be changed. Because of this, and more specifically since all three elements should be combined or connected in some way to produce a character, there occurs a problem of the distorted shape in the curved and the connected areas. This problem is mainly due to the irregular thickness of an object pixel, and seriously affects the Korean character recognition system, which uses the curved and the connected shape information for its recognition variable. This article is on a knowledge-based thinning algorithm which deals with printed Korean character images. It is intended to reduce the distortion rate of a Korean character image to its minimum level. Furthermore, I believe that this algorithm not only helps to enhance the effectiveness of the character recognition system, but it can also be applied as a medical image preprocessing technique, e.g. in the computerization of the medical administration, which is being vigorously studied.<>
细化算法是一种预处理技术,是图像处理技术的重要组成部分。随着其应用范围和相关领域,如字符识别系统的不断扩大,其研究也越来越活跃。朝鲜语由一个起始音素、一个中间元音和一个末音素组成。它的特点是,根据它的位置,它的大小和形状可以改变。正因为如此,更具体地说,因为这三个元素应该以某种方式组合或连接起来才能产生一个角色,所以在曲线和连接区域中会出现扭曲形状的问题。这个问题主要是由于物体像素的厚度不规则,严重影响了使用曲面和连通形状信息作为识别变量的韩文字符识别系统。本文研究了一种基于知识的韩文字符图像稀疏算法。其目的是将韩国文字形象的失真率降到最低。此外,我相信该算法不仅有助于提高字符识别系统的有效性,而且还可以应用于医学图像预处理技术,例如正在大力研究的医疗管理计算机化。
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引用次数: 0
PC-based medical data acquisition and analysis 基于pc的医疗数据采集与分析
Pub Date : 1995-06-09 DOI: 10.1109/CBMS.1995.465435
Tom Green, M. Parten
Biomedical signals are frequently complex waveforms that occur in a very noisy environment. Although the information content and the best way to present this information is under constant study in the medical and research community, advanced signal processing techniques have proven to be invaluable to the analysis of biomedical signals. With the increased capability of personal computers (PCs), the acquisition and analysis of biomedical signals is becoming practical at the individual physician level. The paper describes an inexpensive PC based system for both data acquisition and analysis. The objective is to provide advanced signal processing tools in an easy to use, inexpensive format.<>
生物医学信号通常是复杂的波形,出现在非常嘈杂的环境中。尽管医学和研究界一直在研究信息的内容和呈现这些信息的最佳方式,但先进的信号处理技术已被证明对生物医学信号的分析是非常宝贵的。随着个人计算机(pc)能力的提高,生物医学信号的采集和分析在个体医生水平上变得越来越实用。本文介绍了一种廉价的基于PC机的数据采集和分析系统。目标是以一种易于使用、价格低廉的格式提供先进的信号处理工具
{"title":"PC-based medical data acquisition and analysis","authors":"Tom Green, M. Parten","doi":"10.1109/CBMS.1995.465435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CBMS.1995.465435","url":null,"abstract":"Biomedical signals are frequently complex waveforms that occur in a very noisy environment. Although the information content and the best way to present this information is under constant study in the medical and research community, advanced signal processing techniques have proven to be invaluable to the analysis of biomedical signals. With the increased capability of personal computers (PCs), the acquisition and analysis of biomedical signals is becoming practical at the individual physician level. The paper describes an inexpensive PC based system for both data acquisition and analysis. The objective is to provide advanced signal processing tools in an easy to use, inexpensive format.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":254366,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Eighth IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124329652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
PACS and teleradiology in the Department of Defense PACS和国防部的远程放射学
Pub Date : 1995-06-09 DOI: 10.1109/CBMS.1995.465449
D. Lyche, J. Weiser, J. Romlein, F. Goeringer, S. Scotti
The US military, through the Medical Diagnostic Imaging Support (MDIS) system, is installing picture archival communications systems (PACS) and teleradiology at multiple medical treatment facilities throughout the USA and abroad. The goals are to improve patient care, maximize limited resources, and realize cost savings. This paper reviews early experience with clinical use of the MDIS PACS and teleradiology configurations. Emphasis is on lessons learned in the areas of image quality, speed of image transmission, communication between sites, and the advantages of the MDIS two-way teleradiology configuration. The data is accumulated from the combined experience of the authors at multiple sites within the continental US and Korea.<>
美国军方通过医疗诊断成像支持(MDIS)系统,正在美国和国外的多个医疗设施安装图像档案通信系统(PACS)和远程放射学。目标是改善患者护理,最大限度地利用有限的资源,并实现成本节约。本文回顾了早期临床使用MDIS PACS和远程放射学配置的经验。重点是在图像质量、图像传输速度、站点之间的通信以及MDIS双向远程放射学配置的优势等方面的经验教训。这些数据是作者在美国大陆和韩国多个地点的综合经验积累而成的。
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引用次数: 2
Use of neural networks for prediction of graft failure following liver transplantation 应用神经网络预测肝移植后移植物衰竭
Pub Date : 1995-06-09 DOI: 10.1109/CBMS.1995.465437
S. Matis, H. Doyle, I. Marino, R. Mural, E. Uberbacher
Liver transplantation is a well-established therapeutic option for patients with end-stage liver disease. However, up to 20% of transplanted livers fail to have adequate function initially, and at least half of those will eventually fail. Accurate, early prediction of outcome may ameliorate this situation by encouraging retransplantation before the patient's condition becomes irreversible. In this study, clinical information was gathered prospectively for 295 patients who underwent liver transplantation at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, and was divided into sets. The feedforward, fully connected neural networks had 7 or 8 inputs, a single hidden layer consisting of 3 nodes and a single output node (failure=1, success=0). The networks were trained with data from a randomly selected subset of 240 patients while the remaining 55 patients made up the test set. The network was trained using a standard backpropagation algorithm. Training was assessed by testing the ability of the network to correctly predict the outcome of the 55 patients in the test set. The accuracy of prediction by the neural network improved each day and so by day 5, 98% of the graft survivors in the test set were correctly predicted while 88% of graft failures in the test set were correctly predicted.<>
肝移植是终末期肝病患者公认的治疗选择。然而,多达20%的移植肝脏在一开始就没有足够的功能,其中至少一半最终会衰竭。在患者病情变得不可逆转之前,通过鼓励再次移植,对结果进行准确的早期预测可以改善这种情况。本研究前瞻性地收集了匹兹堡大学医学中心295例肝移植患者的临床资料,并进行分组。前馈的全连接神经网络有7或8个输入,一个由3个节点和一个输出节点组成的单个隐藏层(失败=1,成功=0)。这些网络使用随机选择的240名患者的数据进行训练,其余55名患者组成测试集。该网络使用标准的反向传播算法进行训练。通过测试网络正确预测测试集中55名患者的结果的能力来评估训练。神经网络预测的准确性每天都在提高,因此到第5天,测试集中98%的移植物幸存者被正确预测,而测试集中88%的移植物失败被正确预测。
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引用次数: 18
Karhunen-Loeve-like expansions Karhunen-Loeve-like扩张
Pub Date : 1995-06-09 DOI: 10.1109/CBMS.1995.465408
Ashot Matevosyan
Investigates the problem of the optimal orthogonal signal expansion for providing both the best signal approximation and non-correlated coefficients of expansion. Without the latter condition, the well-known solution of the best signal representation is given by the classical Fourier basis. This additional condition, however, provides Karhunen-Loeve expansion-like properties which are very useful in applied signal processing. Therefore, it is of major practical importance to describe Karhunen-Loeve-like signal expansion bases. We present an iterative algorithm converging to the solution of this this problem. It is also proven that this solution is unique.<>
研究了信号的最优正交展开问题,给出了最佳的信号近似和展开的非相关系数。在没有后一种条件的情况下,经典傅立叶基给出了信号最佳表示的众所周知的解。然而,这个附加条件提供了在应用信号处理中非常有用的类似Karhunen-Loeve展开的性质。因此,描述karhunen - loeve类信号展开基具有重要的现实意义。我们提出了一种收敛于该问题的迭代算法。并证明了该解的唯一性
{"title":"Karhunen-Loeve-like expansions","authors":"Ashot Matevosyan","doi":"10.1109/CBMS.1995.465408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CBMS.1995.465408","url":null,"abstract":"Investigates the problem of the optimal orthogonal signal expansion for providing both the best signal approximation and non-correlated coefficients of expansion. Without the latter condition, the well-known solution of the best signal representation is given by the classical Fourier basis. This additional condition, however, provides Karhunen-Loeve expansion-like properties which are very useful in applied signal processing. Therefore, it is of major practical importance to describe Karhunen-Loeve-like signal expansion bases. We present an iterative algorithm converging to the solution of this this problem. It is also proven that this solution is unique.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":254366,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Eighth IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126038735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
期刊
Proceedings Eighth IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems
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