Background: The Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus. The Coronavirus transmitted between people through direct contact with infected people and indirect contact with infected surface and object. The practicing Doctor is at more risk of infection with COVID-19. The WHO declared the Coronavirus infection as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. COVID-19 pandemic is disrupting health services worldwide. The objective of this study was to assess COVID-19 preparedness on Obstetrics and Gynecology practices in Nepal. Methods: We conducted a web-based cross-sectional study from 5 July to 20 July 2020. We collected 136 responses from Obstetrics and Gynecology consultants practicing at different hospitals of Nepal through google forms. Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 22. Results: Among 136 Obstetrics and Gynecology Consultants, most of participants were spacing ANC visits for low-risk pregnancy (86%), refer patients to Corona Centre if suspected of coronavirus infection (72.8 %), did not ask their patients for COVID-19 test before any procedures (69.04%) and triage and risk screening for COVID-19 for each patient (69.1 %). Proper personal protective measure was not available in most of the centers. Most of the centers has working guidelines for COVID-19. Most of the routine activities were resumed by most of the participants. Most of the hospitals had isolation wards (71.3 %) but most hospitals didn’t have isolated Labour rooms (61.8 %) and isolated operation theatres (62.5%). Only a few participants (15.4%) had received specific training regarding COVID-19. Conclusion: Proper personal protective equipment was available in few centers and very few participants had received special training for COVID-19. Most of the hospitals had working guidelines for COVID-19. Most participants didn’t test their patients for COVID-19 before any surgical procedures. Most of the participants follow the proper protective measures during practice.
{"title":"Assessment of COVID-19 Preparedness on Obstetrics and Gynecology Practices in Nepal","authors":"Rajan Mahato, Gopal Gurung, S. Parajuli","doi":"10.46405/ejms.v2i2.210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46405/ejms.v2i2.210","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000Background: The Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus. The Coronavirus transmitted between people through direct contact with infected people and indirect contact with infected surface and object. The practicing Doctor is at more risk of infection with COVID-19. The WHO declared the Coronavirus infection as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. COVID-19 pandemic is disrupting health services worldwide. The objective of this study was to assess COVID-19 preparedness on Obstetrics and Gynecology practices in Nepal. \u0000Methods: We conducted a web-based cross-sectional study from 5 July to 20 July 2020. We collected 136 responses from Obstetrics and Gynecology consultants practicing at different hospitals of Nepal through google forms. Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 22. \u0000Results: Among 136 Obstetrics and Gynecology Consultants, most of participants were spacing ANC visits for low-risk pregnancy (86%), refer patients to Corona Centre if suspected of coronavirus infection (72.8 %), did not ask their patients for COVID-19 test before any procedures (69.04%) and triage and risk screening for COVID-19 for each patient (69.1 %). Proper personal protective measure was not available in most of the centers. Most of the centers has working guidelines for COVID-19. Most of the routine activities were resumed by most of the participants. Most of the hospitals had isolation wards (71.3 %) but most hospitals didn’t have isolated Labour rooms (61.8 %) and isolated operation theatres (62.5%). Only a few participants (15.4%) had received specific training regarding COVID-19. \u0000Conclusion: Proper personal protective equipment was available in few centers and very few participants had received special training for COVID-19. Most of the hospitals had working guidelines for COVID-19. Most participants didn’t test their patients for COVID-19 before any surgical procedures. Most of the participants follow the proper protective measures during practice.","PeriodicalId":254508,"journal":{"name":"Europasian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"188 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131535260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Panthi, R. Shrestha, S. K. Gaihre, Angelica Karki, Suyachha Chettri
Background: Distal end clavicular fractures are rare type of injuries seen in adult population. These fractures are unstable because of various deforming forces. Clavicular hook plate aligns the clavicle along with ligaments. The aim of this study is to observe the outcome of displaced distal end clavicular fracture managed with hook plate fixation.Methods: Twenty five patients with displaced distal end clavicular fractures (Neer type II) were evaluated retrospectively from November 2018 to September 2020. Functional outcome were assessed via Constant and Murley score at one year final follow-up.Results: 60% of patient had excellent outcome, 32% of patient had good outcome and 8% of patient had fair outcome at final follow-up. Mean Constant and Murley score was 86. Four patients developed subacromial osteolysis which resolved at final follow-up. One patient had extra-articular ossification whereas none of the patient developed non-union and AC joint arthrosis.Conclusion: Clavicular hook plate provides stable fixation of distal end clavicular fracture with few complications and is cost-effective.Keywords: Clavicular Hook Plate; Complications; Distal End Clavicular Fractures; Subacromial Osteolysis
{"title":"Neer Type II Distal End Clavicular Fracture: Outcome with Clavicular Hook Plate Fixation","authors":"S. Panthi, R. Shrestha, S. K. Gaihre, Angelica Karki, Suyachha Chettri","doi":"10.46405/ejms.v2i2.195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46405/ejms.v2i2.195","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Distal end clavicular fractures are rare type of injuries seen in adult population. These fractures are unstable because of various deforming forces. Clavicular hook plate aligns the clavicle along with ligaments. The aim of this study is to observe the outcome of displaced distal end clavicular fracture managed with hook plate fixation.Methods: Twenty five patients with displaced distal end clavicular fractures (Neer type II) were evaluated retrospectively from November 2018 to September 2020. Functional outcome were assessed via Constant and Murley score at one year final follow-up.Results: 60% of patient had excellent outcome, 32% of patient had good outcome and 8% of patient had fair outcome at final follow-up. Mean Constant and Murley score was 86. Four patients developed subacromial osteolysis which resolved at final follow-up. One patient had extra-articular ossification whereas none of the patient developed non-union and AC joint arthrosis.Conclusion: Clavicular hook plate provides stable fixation of distal end clavicular fracture with few complications and is cost-effective.Keywords: Clavicular Hook Plate; Complications; Distal End Clavicular Fractures; Subacromial Osteolysis","PeriodicalId":254508,"journal":{"name":"Europasian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124565666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The COVID-19 among humans is spreading heavily and is largely impacting the mental health of the general population, students, and health care workers worldwide. Hence, this review aims to summarize the literatures addressing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of the general population, students, and health care workers. Methods: Published articles concerning mental health of the general population, students, and health care workers related to the COVID-19 outbreak have been considered and reviewed. Results and discussion: Mental health symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression are common psychological reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic in the general population, students, and health care workers. This collectively influences daily behavior, economy, prevention strategies and decision making from policy makers and health organizations, weakening the strategies of COVID-19 control leading to more morbidity and mental health needs at the global level. Conclusion: There is a need for more evidence-based research from other affected countries, particularly in vulnerable populations such as children and adolescents, people of lower socioeconomic status, and those residing in rural areas, so that valid strategies can be developed and COVID-19 and outbreaks of similar types in the near future can be prevented
{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health of the General Population, Students, and Health Care Workers","authors":"S. Sankhi, N. Marasine","doi":"10.46405/ejms.v2i2.131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46405/ejms.v2i2.131","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The COVID-19 among humans is spreading heavily and is largely impacting the mental health of the general population, students, and health care workers worldwide. Hence, this review aims to summarize the literatures addressing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of the general population, students, and health care workers. \u0000Methods: Published articles concerning mental health of the general population, students, and health care workers related to the COVID-19 outbreak have been considered and reviewed. \u0000Results and discussion: Mental health symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression are common psychological reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic in the general population, students, and health care workers. This collectively influences daily behavior, economy, prevention strategies and decision making from policy makers and health organizations, weakening the strategies of COVID-19 control leading to more morbidity and mental health needs at the global level. \u0000Conclusion: There is a need for more evidence-based research from other affected countries, particularly in vulnerable populations such as children and adolescents, people of lower socioeconomic status, and those residing in rural areas, so that valid strategies can be developed and COVID-19 and outbreaks of similar types in the near future can be prevented","PeriodicalId":254508,"journal":{"name":"Europasian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"162 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115171751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although, the health workforce is one of the most significant building blocks of the health system, the preparation to ensure safety from COVID-19 remains inadequate across the world. Therefore, there is an increasingly growing number of health workers being infected from COVID-19 globally, making health workers the most vulnerable population to the pandemic. Most of the countries lack the safety equipment in place resulting in high exposure of health workers to this fatal SARS-COV2. Besides these, health workers' behaviour is also contributing infection to themselves. A high-level political commitment together with the investment in the health sectors to increase the supply of protective gears and capacity building of health workers is key to save and protect them from COVID-19 pandemic.
{"title":"Safety of health workers: a key priority in COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Bhakta Bahadur K.C.","doi":"10.46405/EJMS.V2I2.96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46405/EJMS.V2I2.96","url":null,"abstract":"Although, the health workforce is one of the most significant building blocks of the health system, the preparation to ensure safety from COVID-19 remains inadequate across the world. Therefore, there is an increasingly growing number of health workers being infected from COVID-19 globally, making health workers the most vulnerable population to the pandemic. Most of the countries lack the safety equipment in place resulting in high exposure of health workers to this fatal SARS-COV2. Besides these, health workers' behaviour is also contributing infection to themselves. A high-level political commitment together with the investment in the health sectors to increase the supply of protective gears and capacity building of health workers is key to save and protect them from COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":254508,"journal":{"name":"Europasian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133576511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
COVID-19 pandemic has affected nursing education globally, with more impact in nations like Nepal with limited resources. Although, the use of technology and virtual platforms has long history in nursing education, it is relatively very new for teaching hospitals in Nepal where the health system is fragile. The challenges seen in nursing education have depicted an urgent need to address nation’s gaps in educational infrastructure including capacity building of faculties and enabling nursing students to utilize technology effectively. In fact, the pandemic has unveiled underlying structural vulnerabilities and existing disparities in educational settings between nations, particularly in nursing education. Keywords: nursing education, COVID-19, pandemic, teaching hospitals, Nepal
{"title":"Nursing Education during COVID-19 Pandemic: Way Forward for Teaching Hospitals in Nepal","authors":"Babita Singh, Rakesh Singh","doi":"10.46405/ejms.v2i2.126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46405/ejms.v2i2.126","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 pandemic has affected nursing education globally, with more impact in nations like Nepal with limited resources. Although, the use of technology and virtual platforms has long history in nursing education, it is relatively very new for teaching hospitals in Nepal where the health system is fragile. The challenges seen in nursing education have depicted an urgent need to address nation’s gaps in educational infrastructure including capacity building of faculties and enabling nursing students to utilize technology effectively. In fact, the pandemic has unveiled underlying structural vulnerabilities and existing disparities in educational settings between nations, particularly in nursing education. \u0000Keywords: nursing education, COVID-19, pandemic, teaching hospitals, Nepal","PeriodicalId":254508,"journal":{"name":"Europasian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123080699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Coronavirus disease which started in Wuhan, China, was declared a pandemic on 11th March 2020. Since then the world has come together for the trial and approval of vaccination. Meanwhile, the adopted approach to prevent and slow down the coronavirus is social distancing, handwashing, and use of face masks. In the UK, the government, together with the National Health Service (NHS), have taken various approaches to prevent and slow down the spread of coronavirus. These included imposing a ‘lockdown’ of the country (e.g. closure of schools, businesses, parks, leisure centres), along with the emphasis on handwashing, social distancing, the use of face masks and only permitting essential travel within the UK and between the UK and other countries. These approaches have been undertaken to varying extents and within different timeframes across the four nations of the UK. Like many other countries worldwide, the UK was not prepared for such pandemics which resulted in the inability to assess the most appropriate approach to contain the spread, including the availability of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for frontline workers, particularly those in health care. As the crisis continues several striking social issues have emerged which may, in part, be a consequence of the measures taken. These include the escalation in domestic violence (DV) and disproportionate burden of disease among the Black, Asian, and Minority Ethnic (BAME) community. The impact of Covid-19 may remain for a long time if appropriate measures are not put in place to address the health inequalities in time.
{"title":"COVID – 19 Impact: Domestic violence and the BAME community","authors":"B. Sapkota","doi":"10.46405/ejms.v2i2.132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46405/ejms.v2i2.132","url":null,"abstract":"The Coronavirus disease which started in Wuhan, China, was declared a pandemic on 11th March 2020. Since then the world has come together for the trial and approval of vaccination. Meanwhile, the adopted approach to prevent and slow down the coronavirus is social distancing, handwashing, and use of face masks. In the UK, the government, together with the National Health Service (NHS), have taken various approaches to prevent and slow down the spread of coronavirus. These included imposing a ‘lockdown’ of the country (e.g. closure of schools, businesses, parks, leisure centres), along with the emphasis on handwashing, social distancing, the use of face masks and only permitting essential travel within the UK and between the UK and other countries. These approaches have been undertaken to varying extents and within different timeframes across the four nations of the UK. Like many other countries worldwide, the UK was not prepared for such pandemics which resulted in the inability to assess the most appropriate approach to contain the spread, including the availability of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for frontline workers, particularly those in health care. As the crisis continues several striking social issues have emerged which may, in part, be a consequence of the measures taken. These include the escalation in domestic violence (DV) and disproportionate burden of disease among the Black, Asian, and Minority Ethnic (BAME) community. The impact of Covid-19 may remain for a long time if appropriate measures are not put in place to address the health inequalities in time.","PeriodicalId":254508,"journal":{"name":"Europasian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132454628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review Form","authors":"Ejms Journals","doi":"10.46405/ejms.v1i1.165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46405/ejms.v1i1.165","url":null,"abstract":"Review Form","PeriodicalId":254508,"journal":{"name":"Europasian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129809083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Thakur, Rajshree Singh, Gambhir Shrestha, Swotantra Gautam, Sunil K Singh
Nepal’s challenges in combating the COVID-19 pandemic include a fragile economy, inadequate preparedness, open borders with India, and China. So far, Nepal has a toll of 22972 cases with 75 deaths as of August 10, 2020. Although, certain postulates like innate factors and the difference in virulence among different strains may have some protective effect as shown by the mild clinical picture in COVID-19 affected Nepalese citizens; the escalation of the daily number of cases is very alarming when the active cases in most of the countries are decreasing. So far, the cases have an increasing trend which shows that the government’s strategies are not working in favor of limiting the disease. This paper reviews how Nepal is tackling pandemic, comparing its strategy with the global scenario and reviewing efficiency of our previously adopted measures with an aim to understand the paradox of unique trend of pandemic in the South Asian region. With unsatisfactory results of current steps and injured economy, Nepal needs revise its strategy especially addressing the areas that need strengthening and incorporate this with the current re-opening plans as we move towards normalcy. Therefore, the government needs to come up with effective strategies including mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery to manage this global pandemic.
{"title":"The COVID-19 Paradox and Exit Strategy for Nepal","authors":"R. Thakur, Rajshree Singh, Gambhir Shrestha, Swotantra Gautam, Sunil K Singh","doi":"10.46405/EJMS.V2I2.134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46405/EJMS.V2I2.134","url":null,"abstract":"Nepal’s challenges in combating the COVID-19 pandemic include a fragile economy, inadequate preparedness, open borders with India, and China. So far, Nepal has a toll of 22972 cases with 75 deaths as of August 10, 2020. Although, certain postulates like innate factors and the difference in virulence among different strains may have some protective effect as shown by the mild clinical picture in COVID-19 affected Nepalese citizens; the escalation of the daily number of cases is very alarming when the active cases in most of the countries are decreasing. So far, the cases have an increasing trend which shows that the government’s strategies are not working in favor of limiting the disease. This paper reviews how Nepal is tackling pandemic, comparing its strategy with the global scenario and reviewing efficiency of our previously adopted measures with an aim to understand the paradox of unique trend of pandemic in the South Asian region. With unsatisfactory results of current steps and injured economy, Nepal needs revise its strategy especially addressing the areas that need strengthening and incorporate this with the current re-opening plans as we move towards normalcy. Therefore, the government needs to come up with effective strategies including mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery to manage this global pandemic.","PeriodicalId":254508,"journal":{"name":"Europasian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"44 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133947795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"FAQs","authors":"Ejms Journals","doi":"10.46405/ejms.v1i1.158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46405/ejms.v1i1.158","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>FAQs</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":254508,"journal":{"name":"Europasian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131859369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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