Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-8486-6.ch022
Tülay Polat Üzümcü, Ömür Alyakut
In today's world, digitalisation, as a process that results from the adoption of digital technologies and application systems built on those technologies, holds an important place in business functions and processes. Digitalisation is considered to be the engine of transformation and has significantly affected the tourism industry. China, one of the leading countries of digitalisation, launched the ‘New Silk Road Project' to revive the Silk Road, which is of great historical importance from an economic, cultural, and political point of view. Since the New Silk Road Project planned for the improvement of land and railway routes connecting China to Europe through Central Asia is of critical importance for countries along the road, it will also contribute to the revival of Silk Road tourism. This type of tourism is instrumental in protecting and preserving cultural heritage values located across the Silk Road and thus can be given a new perspective with opportunities brought by digitalisation. This study sought to discuss the reconstruction of Silk Road Tourism through digitalization.
{"title":"Reconstructing Silk Road Tourism Through Digitalisation","authors":"Tülay Polat Üzümcü, Ömür Alyakut","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-8486-6.ch022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8486-6.ch022","url":null,"abstract":"In today's world, digitalisation, as a process that results from the adoption of digital technologies and application systems built on those technologies, holds an important place in business functions and processes. Digitalisation is considered to be the engine of transformation and has significantly affected the tourism industry. China, one of the leading countries of digitalisation, launched the ‘New Silk Road Project' to revive the Silk Road, which is of great historical importance from an economic, cultural, and political point of view. Since the New Silk Road Project planned for the improvement of land and railway routes connecting China to Europe through Central Asia is of critical importance for countries along the road, it will also contribute to the revival of Silk Road tourism. This type of tourism is instrumental in protecting and preserving cultural heritage values located across the Silk Road and thus can be given a new perspective with opportunities brought by digitalisation. This study sought to discuss the reconstruction of Silk Road Tourism through digitalization.","PeriodicalId":254866,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on Current Trends in Asian Economics, Business, and Administration","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126892840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-8486-6.ch006
Rohit Sood
The traditional trade and business are increasingly getting tough competition from e-commerce. E-commerce has reached most of the consumers in the urban sector and the youth, but the challenge lies in front of the companies so that it reaches the rural sector and the aged people. The rural population of India has to go to nearby cities to purchase luxury products. E-commerce can widen its area of operations and come to their help. Also, thanks to Jio, the people aged more than 45 and the retired are increasingly getting digital in the urban areas. Many of them still purchase the old-fashioned way, but they may adapt to e-commerce as they are adopting the digital world. Here, e-commerce can get new market segment without changing much in their logistics. A thing that is critical within the digital marketplace is the profound understanding of people, their behavior, and their community.
{"title":"Are E-Commerce (Shopping) Companies Targeting the Right Segment in India","authors":"Rohit Sood","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-8486-6.ch006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8486-6.ch006","url":null,"abstract":"The traditional trade and business are increasingly getting tough competition from e-commerce. E-commerce has reached most of the consumers in the urban sector and the youth, but the challenge lies in front of the companies so that it reaches the rural sector and the aged people. The rural population of India has to go to nearby cities to purchase luxury products. E-commerce can widen its area of operations and come to their help. Also, thanks to Jio, the people aged more than 45 and the retired are increasingly getting digital in the urban areas. Many of them still purchase the old-fashioned way, but they may adapt to e-commerce as they are adopting the digital world. Here, e-commerce can get new market segment without changing much in their logistics. A thing that is critical within the digital marketplace is the profound understanding of people, their behavior, and their community.","PeriodicalId":254866,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on Current Trends in Asian Economics, Business, and Administration","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121425204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-8486-6.ch015
A. Rzayev, C. Kara
Young people should present a future, create a human resource for the progress of societies, and protect young people against social risks. At this point, the protection of youth through public policies is one of the main areas of Azerbaijani public policies. The problems faced by young people in access to education and the problems experienced by educated young people in gaining a place in the labor market are some of the main youth problems. In this respect, it is of academic importance to examine the social policies offered by the Government of Azerbaijan for young people. The main framework of the study is the educational status of young people, the general framework of policies for young people, and social policies presented in the face of educational problems.
{"title":"Education as a Social Policy Tool and Educational Policies of Azerbaijan for Youth","authors":"A. Rzayev, C. Kara","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-8486-6.ch015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8486-6.ch015","url":null,"abstract":"Young people should present a future, create a human resource for the progress of societies, and protect young people against social risks. At this point, the protection of youth through public policies is one of the main areas of Azerbaijani public policies. The problems faced by young people in access to education and the problems experienced by educated young people in gaining a place in the labor market are some of the main youth problems. In this respect, it is of academic importance to examine the social policies offered by the Government of Azerbaijan for young people. The main framework of the study is the educational status of young people, the general framework of policies for young people, and social policies presented in the face of educational problems.","PeriodicalId":254866,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on Current Trends in Asian Economics, Business, and Administration","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132543197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-8486-6.ch019
Sema Üstgörül
In a globalized and complicated international economy, executives believe that management culture will be given new direction by management teams comprised of both men and women, and that these mixed teams will contribute to the diversity of ideas and perspectives in management. Despite the fact that there are as many female graduates as male graduates today, women continue to be significantly underrepresented in executive roles in the business world, particularly in top management (executive board, supervisory board). The most important factor preventing women from being managers is work-family balance. While women indeed tend to climb the ladder step by step, men make several jumps in their careers, and they meet with success. It makes no difference whether a candidate for a position as a board member, director, or divisional manager is male or female. The goal of this study is to try to demonstrate that female managers may be more effective in management because of their personalities and areas of competence in the healthcare sector.
{"title":"Female Managers in the Healthcare Organizations","authors":"Sema Üstgörül","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-8486-6.ch019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8486-6.ch019","url":null,"abstract":"In a globalized and complicated international economy, executives believe that management culture will be given new direction by management teams comprised of both men and women, and that these mixed teams will contribute to the diversity of ideas and perspectives in management. Despite the fact that there are as many female graduates as male graduates today, women continue to be significantly underrepresented in executive roles in the business world, particularly in top management (executive board, supervisory board). The most important factor preventing women from being managers is work-family balance. While women indeed tend to climb the ladder step by step, men make several jumps in their careers, and they meet with success. It makes no difference whether a candidate for a position as a board member, director, or divisional manager is male or female. The goal of this study is to try to demonstrate that female managers may be more effective in management because of their personalities and areas of competence in the healthcare sector.","PeriodicalId":254866,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on Current Trends in Asian Economics, Business, and Administration","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124506978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-8486-6.ch014
Elif Erer, Deniz Erer
This study analyzes the short-run and long-run effects of interaction between fiscal and monetary policies on stock market performance in four emerging Asian economies, which are China, India, Indonesia, and Malaysia, by using ARDL model. The study covers the period of 2003:Q1-2020:Q1. The findings from this study show monetary and fiscal policies play an important role in determining stock market returns. Also, the results theoretically support Richardian neutrality hypothesis for China and Indonesia, Keynesian positive effect hypothesis for India, and classical crowding out effect hypothesis for Malaysia, and interest channel of monetary transmission mechanism only for China.
{"title":"Stock Market Responses to Monetary and Fiscal Policies","authors":"Elif Erer, Deniz Erer","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-8486-6.ch014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8486-6.ch014","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyzes the short-run and long-run effects of interaction between fiscal and monetary policies on stock market performance in four emerging Asian economies, which are China, India, Indonesia, and Malaysia, by using ARDL model. The study covers the period of 2003:Q1-2020:Q1. The findings from this study show monetary and fiscal policies play an important role in determining stock market returns. Also, the results theoretically support Richardian neutrality hypothesis for China and Indonesia, Keynesian positive effect hypothesis for India, and classical crowding out effect hypothesis for Malaysia, and interest channel of monetary transmission mechanism only for China.","PeriodicalId":254866,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on Current Trends in Asian Economics, Business, and Administration","volume":"184 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129831178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-8486-6.ch013
İbrahim Tanju Akyol
The European Union (EU) provides financial assistance to the countries that are the current candidates and the potential candidates for the development of rural areas. These countries are supported by rural development (RD), one of the five components of the instrument for pre-accession assistance (IPA). Turkey is also a candidate country to benefit from the financial assistance provided by the EU. This research aims to reveal the situation of the projects carried out with IPARD in Çanakkale province within the country. As a matter of fact, Çanakkale takes place at the lower ranks in terms of the number of projects and the number of grants. Despite its potential, the reasons for not achieving the desired results in this province are the lack of qualified consultants, insufficient access to beneficiaries, and problems in licensing of lands. This research, thus, has also put forward various solution suggestions in order to minimize these problems.
{"title":"Reflections of the Funds Distributed Under the Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance for Rural Development (IPARD) Program on Çanakkale","authors":"İbrahim Tanju Akyol","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-8486-6.ch013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8486-6.ch013","url":null,"abstract":"The European Union (EU) provides financial assistance to the countries that are the current candidates and the potential candidates for the development of rural areas. These countries are supported by rural development (RD), one of the five components of the instrument for pre-accession assistance (IPA). Turkey is also a candidate country to benefit from the financial assistance provided by the EU. This research aims to reveal the situation of the projects carried out with IPARD in Çanakkale province within the country. As a matter of fact, Çanakkale takes place at the lower ranks in terms of the number of projects and the number of grants. Despite its potential, the reasons for not achieving the desired results in this province are the lack of qualified consultants, insufficient access to beneficiaries, and problems in licensing of lands. This research, thus, has also put forward various solution suggestions in order to minimize these problems.","PeriodicalId":254866,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on Current Trends in Asian Economics, Business, and Administration","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134035795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-8486-6.ch012
Hasan Tekin
This chapter investigates how financial constraints and financial crises affect the cash policy of firms. Using a sample of 157,505 firm-years from 26 developing Asian economies from 1991 to 2016, firm fixed effects are employed to mitigate unobserved heterogeneity. Empirical findings show that financially constrained firms have higher cash than financially unconstrained firms, which is in line with the precautionary motive and transaction motive of cash. The picture changes with the rise of financial crises. While financially constrained firms have lower cash before the 1997-1998 Asian financial crisis, they increase their cash level more after the 2008-2009 global financial crisis. Overall, managers need to consider the exogenous shocks to enhance their liquidity management. Also, investors should consider the financial crises, firm size, firm constraint, and dividend payment status when determining when and where to invest.
{"title":"How Do Financial Constraints and Financial Crises Matter in Cash Management?","authors":"Hasan Tekin","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-8486-6.ch012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8486-6.ch012","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter investigates how financial constraints and financial crises affect the cash policy of firms. Using a sample of 157,505 firm-years from 26 developing Asian economies from 1991 to 2016, firm fixed effects are employed to mitigate unobserved heterogeneity. Empirical findings show that financially constrained firms have higher cash than financially unconstrained firms, which is in line with the precautionary motive and transaction motive of cash. The picture changes with the rise of financial crises. While financially constrained firms have lower cash before the 1997-1998 Asian financial crisis, they increase their cash level more after the 2008-2009 global financial crisis. Overall, managers need to consider the exogenous shocks to enhance their liquidity management. Also, investors should consider the financial crises, firm size, firm constraint, and dividend payment status when determining when and where to invest.","PeriodicalId":254866,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on Current Trends in Asian Economics, Business, and Administration","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116384966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-8486-6.ch018
Yu Poshan, Yifei Xu
In order to ensure the sustainable development of public private partnership (PPP) model and make the PPP health project ultimately meet the public expectation, the budgetary control and performance evaluation for PPP project is an important research topic. Budgetary control and performance evaluation is not only an important basis for project performance improvement, but also an important means for public departments to monitor and manage PPP health projects. This chapter aims to examine the effectiveness of PPP projects on the healthcare service provision in China. By analyzing the regional government finance and performances, this chapter attempts to elaborate the current dynamic of Chinese healthcare resources allocation by using PPP, and how this dynamic could be associated with the changing landscape of local economic conditions, in particular whether the application of PPP would help those regions with poor economic performance to close a gap in healthcare delivery.
{"title":"Public-Private Partnership for Healthcare in China","authors":"Yu Poshan, Yifei Xu","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-8486-6.ch018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8486-6.ch018","url":null,"abstract":"In order to ensure the sustainable development of public private partnership (PPP) model and make the PPP health project ultimately meet the public expectation, the budgetary control and performance evaluation for PPP project is an important research topic. Budgetary control and performance evaluation is not only an important basis for project performance improvement, but also an important means for public departments to monitor and manage PPP health projects. This chapter aims to examine the effectiveness of PPP projects on the healthcare service provision in China. By analyzing the regional government finance and performances, this chapter attempts to elaborate the current dynamic of Chinese healthcare resources allocation by using PPP, and how this dynamic could be associated with the changing landscape of local economic conditions, in particular whether the application of PPP would help those regions with poor economic performance to close a gap in healthcare delivery.","PeriodicalId":254866,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on Current Trends in Asian Economics, Business, and Administration","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125192789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-8486-6.ch011
Mamoona Riasat, B. Akkaya
Differentiation strategies face higher uncertainty and dynamism because of design and functionality of their service in higher education. This is closely related with contextual knowledge and neoliberal approach. Researchers provide the contextual knowledge of neoliberal approach in Pakistan and state of social justice regarding higher education in the country. Neoliberal approach in education has been identified as a new trend in developing countries. Business approach in education has started treating education as a commodity and students as a costumer. Knowledge-based economy is one of the strongest factors influencing the neoliberal approach in higher education. There are certain circumstances for adaptation of this approach in higher education; however, the intellectual community needs to be aware of the pros of this approach. Humanitarian approach need to be taken care of by the government bodies in higher education. Ethical and leadership programs based on agile management may be helpful for faculty members to reduce social injustice through their teaching approach.
{"title":"Neoliberal Approach in Higher Education","authors":"Mamoona Riasat, B. Akkaya","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-8486-6.ch011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8486-6.ch011","url":null,"abstract":"Differentiation strategies face higher uncertainty and dynamism because of design and functionality of their service in higher education. This is closely related with contextual knowledge and neoliberal approach. Researchers provide the contextual knowledge of neoliberal approach in Pakistan and state of social justice regarding higher education in the country. Neoliberal approach in education has been identified as a new trend in developing countries. Business approach in education has started treating education as a commodity and students as a costumer. Knowledge-based economy is one of the strongest factors influencing the neoliberal approach in higher education. There are certain circumstances for adaptation of this approach in higher education; however, the intellectual community needs to be aware of the pros of this approach. Humanitarian approach need to be taken care of by the government bodies in higher education. Ethical and leadership programs based on agile management may be helpful for faculty members to reduce social injustice through their teaching approach.","PeriodicalId":254866,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on Current Trends in Asian Economics, Business, and Administration","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127006434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-8486-6.ch009
Husam Rjoub, Chiemelie Benneth Iloka, V. Venugopal
Reported in this paper is an interview- and press release-based study that considers the market-driven and market-driving activities within the disaggregated components of a business model. This is based on an empirical study of IKEA in Malaysia over the past 20 years. Market orientation is perceived to be a position on a continuum, not a binary one. The components of the business model employed in this study were developed from Osterwalder and Pigneur. Findings show that over time the balance between driven and driving orientations of the company changed in a number of ways with respect to its business models. This chapter contributes by showing the disaggregated nature of market orientation of driving and driven activities and linking them to a given component of business model as well as reviewing what happened to the driven-driving balance over the course of time. This approach can widely be applied with respect to attempts geared towards understanding the dynamic nature of international retailing.
{"title":"Changes in the Marketing Orientation Within the Business Model of an International Retailer","authors":"Husam Rjoub, Chiemelie Benneth Iloka, V. Venugopal","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-8486-6.ch009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8486-6.ch009","url":null,"abstract":"Reported in this paper is an interview- and press release-based study that considers the market-driven and market-driving activities within the disaggregated components of a business model. This is based on an empirical study of IKEA in Malaysia over the past 20 years. Market orientation is perceived to be a position on a continuum, not a binary one. The components of the business model employed in this study were developed from Osterwalder and Pigneur. Findings show that over time the balance between driven and driving orientations of the company changed in a number of ways with respect to its business models. This chapter contributes by showing the disaggregated nature of market orientation of driving and driven activities and linking them to a given component of business model as well as reviewing what happened to the driven-driving balance over the course of time. This approach can widely be applied with respect to attempts geared towards understanding the dynamic nature of international retailing.","PeriodicalId":254866,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on Current Trends in Asian Economics, Business, and Administration","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121889518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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