In this paper we propose an efficient method for perceptual evaluation of speech quality in Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS). With this method, the network operators are no longer limited to the narrow set of tested system parameters available in the standards. Instead, they can modify system parameters to what they desire, e.g. different Frame Erasure Rates (FER), and the resulting impact on speech quality can be evaluated in a fraction of time as compared with corresponding subjective listening tests. An example case study where the system FER is allowed to increase to 10% is presented.
{"title":"An efficient method for perceptual evaluation of speech quality in UMTS","authors":"B. Rohani, H. Zepernick, B. Rohani","doi":"10.1109/ICW.2005.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICW.2005.24","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we propose an efficient method for perceptual evaluation of speech quality in Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS). With this method, the network operators are no longer limited to the narrow set of tested system parameters available in the standards. Instead, they can modify system parameters to what they desire, e.g. different Frame Erasure Rates (FER), and the resulting impact on speech quality can be evaluated in a fraction of time as compared with corresponding subjective listening tests. An example case study where the system FER is allowed to increase to 10% is presented.","PeriodicalId":255955,"journal":{"name":"2005 Systems Communications (ICW'05, ICHSN'05, ICMCS'05, SENET'05)","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134213849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents analytical derivations and simulation results for signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) when a linear array antenna is used in a CDMA base station with beam forming (BF) algorithms. The roles of two design factors effecting performance, the direction selectivity of an array antenna and the direction-of-arrival (DOA) accuracy in the BF algorithm, are examined not only for SNR but also to determine the robustness of a BF algorithm due to error factors of spatial scattering of radio waves and DOA. From the study, it is found that there is a trade-off between the SNR and the robustness with respect to these design factors. The trade-off can be used to achieve an economical implementation of the BIT in the CDMA system, which does not have severely deteriorated SNR performance while ensuring its robustness to the error factors.
{"title":"SNR investigation of beam forming in IS-95 CDMA base station receiver","authors":"Jae-Sik Lee, T. Chang, V. Garg","doi":"10.1109/ICW.2005.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICW.2005.75","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents analytical derivations and simulation results for signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) when a linear array antenna is used in a CDMA base station with beam forming (BF) algorithms. The roles of two design factors effecting performance, the direction selectivity of an array antenna and the direction-of-arrival (DOA) accuracy in the BF algorithm, are examined not only for SNR but also to determine the robustness of a BF algorithm due to error factors of spatial scattering of radio waves and DOA. From the study, it is found that there is a trade-off between the SNR and the robustness with respect to these design factors. The trade-off can be used to achieve an economical implementation of the BIT in the CDMA system, which does not have severely deteriorated SNR performance while ensuring its robustness to the error factors.","PeriodicalId":255955,"journal":{"name":"2005 Systems Communications (ICW'05, ICHSN'05, ICMCS'05, SENET'05)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133656497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aiming at the problems that gatekeeper for video communication (called VCGK or video gatekeeper) can not support greater network scale and has the lower access efficiency in multi-zone, we study and analyze routing technology for large scale video softswitch from multi-zone and hierarchical system framework. We research on designing routing architecture reasonably, importing distributed agent technology and delaminating routing framework based on policies. By using TRIP protocol for communication between agents, we deal with the update and broadcasting of call routing information concentratedly, converge routing info, predigest routing process, and solve the key problems of call control and connection control about real-time video communication. Considering routing QoS and network load balance, we put forward a dynamic routing transfer policy based on distributed routing agent. Finally this paper forms an economical and effective call routing addressing solution which can meet the requests of next generation largescale multimedia video communication network, and solve the difficulty of location in H.323 system appropriately. It can help to enlarge the scale of video communication network based on H.323 protocol.
{"title":"Research on multi-zone and hierarchical routing for video gatekeeper based on agent","authors":"Rui Li, Zhanwu Yu, Hao Wang","doi":"10.1109/ICW.2005.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICW.2005.72","url":null,"abstract":"Aiming at the problems that gatekeeper for video communication (called VCGK or video gatekeeper) can not support greater network scale and has the lower access efficiency in multi-zone, we study and analyze routing technology for large scale video softswitch from multi-zone and hierarchical system framework. We research on designing routing architecture reasonably, importing distributed agent technology and delaminating routing framework based on policies. By using TRIP protocol for communication between agents, we deal with the update and broadcasting of call routing information concentratedly, converge routing info, predigest routing process, and solve the key problems of call control and connection control about real-time video communication. Considering routing QoS and network load balance, we put forward a dynamic routing transfer policy based on distributed routing agent. Finally this paper forms an economical and effective call routing addressing solution which can meet the requests of next generation largescale multimedia video communication network, and solve the difficulty of location in H.323 system appropriately. It can help to enlarge the scale of video communication network based on H.323 protocol.","PeriodicalId":255955,"journal":{"name":"2005 Systems Communications (ICW'05, ICHSN'05, ICMCS'05, SENET'05)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134297235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper we first present a complete survey on available bandwidth estimation tools. More precisely, according to the classification proposed on IEEE Network by Prasad et al. in 2003 we categorize them in (i) end-to-end capacity estimation tools; (ii) available bandwidth estimation tools; (iii) tcp throughput and bulk transfer capacity measurement tools. After a complete survey, we present our proposal, which is based on an integration of previous tools, aiming to improve a fitness function composed of accuracy and total time of estimation. Experimental results are given with respect to comparative analysis between our proposal and existing tools, interference analysis, and finally, wireless links.
{"title":"On the performance of bandwidth estimation tools","authors":"A. Botta, A. Pescapé, G. Ventre","doi":"10.1109/ICW.2005.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICW.2005.61","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we first present a complete survey on available bandwidth estimation tools. More precisely, according to the classification proposed on IEEE Network by Prasad et al. in 2003 we categorize them in (i) end-to-end capacity estimation tools; (ii) available bandwidth estimation tools; (iii) tcp throughput and bulk transfer capacity measurement tools. After a complete survey, we present our proposal, which is based on an integration of previous tools, aiming to improve a fitness function composed of accuracy and total time of estimation. Experimental results are given with respect to comparative analysis between our proposal and existing tools, interference analysis, and finally, wireless links.","PeriodicalId":255955,"journal":{"name":"2005 Systems Communications (ICW'05, ICHSN'05, ICMCS'05, SENET'05)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116063963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Access to large web content hosted all over the world by users of Internet is contributing massively in the form of congestion to the Internet traffic. Various approaches have been adopted to solve the quality of service (QoS) issues in Internet traffic particularly the problem of congestion. To provide guaranteed QoS for Internet applications researchers are facing challenges to develop performance evaluation techniques to device novel efficient mechanisms to control the congestion caused by increasing Internet traffic. This paper provides an overview of various approaches to congestion avoidance and congestion control of Internet traffic. It emphasizes mainly on the active queue management (AQM) scheme for congestion control at routers. The analysis will specifically focus on the analysis of a threshold based queue with bursty external traffic modeled by continous time Markov modulated Poisson process (CT-MMPP). Numerical experiments have been carried out to show the impact of thresholds on various performance metrics.
{"title":"Analysis of threshold based queue with MMPP arrival process","authors":"A. Yar, M. Woodward, I. Awan","doi":"10.1109/ICW.2005.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICW.2005.27","url":null,"abstract":"Access to large web content hosted all over the world by users of Internet is contributing massively in the form of congestion to the Internet traffic. Various approaches have been adopted to solve the quality of service (QoS) issues in Internet traffic particularly the problem of congestion. To provide guaranteed QoS for Internet applications researchers are facing challenges to develop performance evaluation techniques to device novel efficient mechanisms to control the congestion caused by increasing Internet traffic. This paper provides an overview of various approaches to congestion avoidance and congestion control of Internet traffic. It emphasizes mainly on the active queue management (AQM) scheme for congestion control at routers. The analysis will specifically focus on the analysis of a threshold based queue with bursty external traffic modeled by continous time Markov modulated Poisson process (CT-MMPP). Numerical experiments have been carried out to show the impact of thresholds on various performance metrics.","PeriodicalId":255955,"journal":{"name":"2005 Systems Communications (ICW'05, ICHSN'05, ICMCS'05, SENET'05)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116168684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on concentration measurements from spatially distributed electronic noses, the location of a point source is to be determined. It is assumed that the emitted substance is transported by advection caused by a known homogeneous wind field and by diffusion. A new two-step approach for solving the source localization problem is presented. The new approach overcomes the problem of poor convergence of iterative algorithms, which try to minimize the least squares output error An optimal weighting strategy is introduced, which yields to approximate maximum-likelihood estimates for the source position.
{"title":"Optimal weighting of networked electronic noses for the source localization","authors":"J. Matthes, L. Gröll, H. Keller","doi":"10.1109/ICW.2005.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICW.2005.64","url":null,"abstract":"Based on concentration measurements from spatially distributed electronic noses, the location of a point source is to be determined. It is assumed that the emitted substance is transported by advection caused by a known homogeneous wind field and by diffusion. A new two-step approach for solving the source localization problem is presented. The new approach overcomes the problem of poor convergence of iterative algorithms, which try to minimize the least squares output error An optimal weighting strategy is introduced, which yields to approximate maximum-likelihood estimates for the source position.","PeriodicalId":255955,"journal":{"name":"2005 Systems Communications (ICW'05, ICHSN'05, ICMCS'05, SENET'05)","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122131922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Padmaraj, S. Nair, M. Marchetti, G. Chiruvolu, Maher Ali
IEEE 802.1s multiple spanning tree protocol (MSTP) is part of a family of standards for local and metropolitan area networks based on Ethernet protocol. MSTP allows a set of regions to be defined whose logical union spans the entire network, which in turn defines the association between VLANs and Spanning Tree Instances. In this paper we propose an algorithmic approach for constructing multiple spanning tree regions in the enterprise network domain which will provide better convergence time, reusability of VLAN tags, protection from failures, and optimal broadcast domain size.
{"title":"Traffic engineering in enterprise ethernet with multiple spanning tree regions","authors":"M. Padmaraj, S. Nair, M. Marchetti, G. Chiruvolu, Maher Ali","doi":"10.1109/ICW.2005.78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICW.2005.78","url":null,"abstract":"IEEE 802.1s multiple spanning tree protocol (MSTP) is part of a family of standards for local and metropolitan area networks based on Ethernet protocol. MSTP allows a set of regions to be defined whose logical union spans the entire network, which in turn defines the association between VLANs and Spanning Tree Instances. In this paper we propose an algorithmic approach for constructing multiple spanning tree regions in the enterprise network domain which will provide better convergence time, reusability of VLAN tags, protection from failures, and optimal broadcast domain size.","PeriodicalId":255955,"journal":{"name":"2005 Systems Communications (ICW'05, ICHSN'05, ICMCS'05, SENET'05)","volume":"30 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125800600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ningjiang Chen, Willem Fontijn, Xin Chen, Q. Zhang
Applications are designed traditionally in a top-down manner, starting with explicit user requirements and requiring explicit user interaction to control them. Sensor networks provide a way for the autonomous acquisition of context information, which can be used to control applications without explicit user interaction. In addition, they can be used for context exploration. This enables a semi-automatic generation of new functionality. In this paper we introduce a framework for Ambient Applications (AmbientApps). AmbientApps are applications that can react to the context information with implicit user interaction. Besides providing the context information to AmbientApps, the framework is also characterized by its ability to detect new patterns in sensor data and link them to user actions on devices and pre-empting that user action the next time the same pattern is detected.
{"title":"A framework for ambient applications","authors":"Ningjiang Chen, Willem Fontijn, Xin Chen, Q. Zhang","doi":"10.1109/ICW.2005.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICW.2005.9","url":null,"abstract":"Applications are designed traditionally in a top-down manner, starting with explicit user requirements and requiring explicit user interaction to control them. Sensor networks provide a way for the autonomous acquisition of context information, which can be used to control applications without explicit user interaction. In addition, they can be used for context exploration. This enables a semi-automatic generation of new functionality. In this paper we introduce a framework for Ambient Applications (AmbientApps). AmbientApps are applications that can react to the context information with implicit user interaction. Besides providing the context information to AmbientApps, the framework is also characterized by its ability to detect new patterns in sensor data and link them to user actions on devices and pre-empting that user action the next time the same pattern is detected.","PeriodicalId":255955,"journal":{"name":"2005 Systems Communications (ICW'05, ICHSN'05, ICMCS'05, SENET'05)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122384156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Numerous MAC protocols have been proposed for stationary wireless sensor networks (WSNs). However, there have been very few approaches proposed to make the MAC layer in WSNs suitable for mobile scenarios. We propose a new MAC layer protocol called MOBMAC to support mobility in WSNs. MOBMAC uses an adaptive frame size approach to overcome the effect of frame losses caused by the Doppler shifts in mobile scenarios. An extended Kalman filter (EKF) is used to predict the frame size for each transmission, which enhances the energy efficiency of the system and minimizes latencies. Our study shows that under mobile scenarios, the MOBMAC reduces energy consumption by 60% and shows decrease of 25% in latency in comparison with the well known base protocol $SMAC. Our study also includes the contribution of a more realistic physical layer implementation model in ns-2, which processes the received frame based not only on the fading characteristics of the signal but also on the SNR and relative velocity between the communicating sensor nodes.
{"title":"MOBMAC - an energy efficient and low latency MAC for mobile wireless sensor networks","authors":"P. Raviraj, H. Sharif, M. Hempel, S. Ci","doi":"10.1109/ICW.2005.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICW.2005.56","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous MAC protocols have been proposed for stationary wireless sensor networks (WSNs). However, there have been very few approaches proposed to make the MAC layer in WSNs suitable for mobile scenarios. We propose a new MAC layer protocol called MOBMAC to support mobility in WSNs. MOBMAC uses an adaptive frame size approach to overcome the effect of frame losses caused by the Doppler shifts in mobile scenarios. An extended Kalman filter (EKF) is used to predict the frame size for each transmission, which enhances the energy efficiency of the system and minimizes latencies. Our study shows that under mobile scenarios, the MOBMAC reduces energy consumption by 60% and shows decrease of 25% in latency in comparison with the well known base protocol $SMAC. Our study also includes the contribution of a more realistic physical layer implementation model in ns-2, which processes the received frame based not only on the fading characteristics of the signal but also on the SNR and relative velocity between the communicating sensor nodes.","PeriodicalId":255955,"journal":{"name":"2005 Systems Communications (ICW'05, ICHSN'05, ICMCS'05, SENET'05)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124204200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elisabetta Farella, A. Pieracci, D. Brunelli, L. Benini, B. Riccò, A. Acquaviva
This paper presents the design and implementation of a wireless sensor node for a Motion Capture system with Accelerometers (WiMoCA). It is composed by a tri-axial integrated accelerometer a microcontroller and a wireless transceiver WiMoCA nodes have been exploited to build a Wireless Body Area Sensor Network (WBASN) that allows to implement a wireless/wearable distributed gesture recognition system where nodes are mounted on many parts of the human body. We describe the hardware architecture and all the software layers supporting the recognition system. We also show characterization experiments on WiMoCA nodes that highlight how their performance and power consumption levels make them suitable to HCI applications.
{"title":"Design and implementation of WiMoCA node for a body area wireless sensor network","authors":"Elisabetta Farella, A. Pieracci, D. Brunelli, L. Benini, B. Riccò, A. Acquaviva","doi":"10.1109/ICW.2005.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICW.2005.39","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the design and implementation of a wireless sensor node for a Motion Capture system with Accelerometers (WiMoCA). It is composed by a tri-axial integrated accelerometer a microcontroller and a wireless transceiver WiMoCA nodes have been exploited to build a Wireless Body Area Sensor Network (WBASN) that allows to implement a wireless/wearable distributed gesture recognition system where nodes are mounted on many parts of the human body. We describe the hardware architecture and all the software layers supporting the recognition system. We also show characterization experiments on WiMoCA nodes that highlight how their performance and power consumption levels make them suitable to HCI applications.","PeriodicalId":255955,"journal":{"name":"2005 Systems Communications (ICW'05, ICHSN'05, ICMCS'05, SENET'05)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122535160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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