Pub Date : 2012-05-21DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2012.6243724
M. Ivan, B. Dulmet, G. Martin, P. Abbé, L. Robert, S. Ballandras
This paper presents a new patent-pending micro-mechanical BAW resonant structure driven by electrostatic force. The devices are based on a one-port design with a 1 μm-thick electrostatic gap to superimpose a static bias voltage and a dynamic excitation to a silicon plate. Depending on the thickness of the standard silicon wafers, flexural or thickness-extensional (TE) modes can alternatively be driven, yielding a resonant frequency close to 68 kHz in flexural modes, and 10 MHz in TE modes. Modelling steps and experimental results are provided and compared for both kinds of modes. An application example of the flexural mode structure to gravimetric sensing is outlined.
{"title":"A new electrostatically-excited silicon structure for CMUT and TE-mode resonators and sensing applications","authors":"M. Ivan, B. Dulmet, G. Martin, P. Abbé, L. Robert, S. Ballandras","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2012.6243724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2012.6243724","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new patent-pending micro-mechanical BAW resonant structure driven by electrostatic force. The devices are based on a one-port design with a 1 μm-thick electrostatic gap to superimpose a static bias voltage and a dynamic excitation to a silicon plate. Depending on the thickness of the standard silicon wafers, flexural or thickness-extensional (TE) modes can alternatively be driven, yielding a resonant frequency close to 68 kHz in flexural modes, and 10 MHz in TE modes. Modelling steps and experimental results are provided and compared for both kinds of modes. An application example of the flexural mode structure to gravimetric sensing is outlined.","PeriodicalId":256670,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium Proceedings","volume":"98 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133719664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-21DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2012.6243720
T. Laroche, G. Martin, W. Daniau, S. Ballandras, J. Friedt, J. Leguen
The possibility to remotely control impedance changes using resonant devices operating in the 434-MHz-centered Industry-Scientific-Medical (ISM) is demonstrated in this paper. The proposed principle is based on acoustically coupled modes in compact Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) structures in which one port is connected to the variable load, the other being connected to a Radio-Frequency (RF) antenna for wireless interrogation purpose. The operation of the proposed principle is illustrated using a longitudinally-coupled resonator filter on quartz for “On-Off” switch remote control. Other sensor architecture are discussed as a conclusion of this work.
{"title":"A coupled-mode filter structure for wireless transceiver-sensors using reactive loads","authors":"T. Laroche, G. Martin, W. Daniau, S. Ballandras, J. Friedt, J. Leguen","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2012.6243720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2012.6243720","url":null,"abstract":"The possibility to remotely control impedance changes using resonant devices operating in the 434-MHz-centered Industry-Scientific-Medical (ISM) is demonstrated in this paper. The proposed principle is based on acoustically coupled modes in compact Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) structures in which one port is connected to the variable load, the other being connected to a Radio-Frequency (RF) antenna for wireless interrogation purpose. The operation of the proposed principle is illustrated using a longitudinally-coupled resonator filter on quartz for “On-Off” switch remote control. Other sensor architecture are discussed as a conclusion of this work.","PeriodicalId":256670,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium Proceedings","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133995575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-21DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2012.6243608
Xu Yongliang, Li Wei, Y. Haibo
BPL long-wave time service system is a long-range radio time service system in China. Changhe II system is the most important land-based radio navigation system in China. China's satellite-based radio navigation system is in its construction and development stage now, so the Changhe II system will play an important role for a long time in the future. It will also exist as the important backup of the satellite-based radio navigation system. This paper presents the idea that take BPL long-wave time service station as one of the transmitter of Changhe II system. A mathematical model which can convert time difference obtained by the receiver into latitude-longitude coordinate is established. With effective configuration of the BPL station and the Changhe II transmitters, select points outside the coverage areas of the original system to locate its position in the simulation work. A test is also designed. The simulation and test results show that the scheme presented in this paper is feasible.
{"title":"The research on positioning using BPL station","authors":"Xu Yongliang, Li Wei, Y. Haibo","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2012.6243608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2012.6243608","url":null,"abstract":"BPL long-wave time service system is a long-range radio time service system in China. Changhe II system is the most important land-based radio navigation system in China. China's satellite-based radio navigation system is in its construction and development stage now, so the Changhe II system will play an important role for a long time in the future. It will also exist as the important backup of the satellite-based radio navigation system. This paper presents the idea that take BPL long-wave time service station as one of the transmitter of Changhe II system. A mathematical model which can convert time difference obtained by the receiver into latitude-longitude coordinate is established. With effective configuration of the BPL station and the Changhe II transmitters, select points outside the coverage areas of the original system to locate its position in the simulation work. A test is also designed. The simulation and test results show that the scheme presented in this paper is feasible.","PeriodicalId":256670,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium Proceedings","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124868156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-21DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2012.6243639
Kwangyun Jung, Jungwon Kim
We present a fiber-based optical-microwave phase detector that detects the phase error between optical pulse trains and microwave signals with sub-fs resolution over 1 MHz bandwidth. The proposed phase detector is used to synchronize microwave signals from VCO with optical pulse trains from mode-locked Er-fiber lasers. The residual phase noise between the optical pulse trains and the synchronized microwave signals is -133 dBc/Hz (-154 dBc/Hz) at 1 Hz (5 kHz) offset frequency, which results in 838 as integrated rms timing jitter [1 Hz-1 MHz]. The long-term residual phase drift is 847 as (rms) measured over 2 hours. We also used the phase detector and the low-jitter Er-fiber laser to measure the phase noise of a microwave signal synthesizer.
{"title":"Long-term stable sub-femtosecond synchronization of microwave signals with mode-locked Er-fiber lasers","authors":"Kwangyun Jung, Jungwon Kim","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2012.6243639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2012.6243639","url":null,"abstract":"We present a fiber-based optical-microwave phase detector that detects the phase error between optical pulse trains and microwave signals with sub-fs resolution over 1 MHz bandwidth. The proposed phase detector is used to synchronize microwave signals from VCO with optical pulse trains from mode-locked Er-fiber lasers. The residual phase noise between the optical pulse trains and the synchronized microwave signals is -133 dBc/Hz (-154 dBc/Hz) at 1 Hz (5 kHz) offset frequency, which results in 838 as integrated rms timing jitter [1 Hz-1 MHz]. The long-term residual phase drift is 847 as (rms) measured over 2 hours. We also used the phase detector and the low-jitter Er-fiber laser to measure the phase noise of a microwave signal synthesizer.","PeriodicalId":256670,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium Proceedings","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131750107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-21DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2012.6243619
C. Calosso, Y. Gruson, E. Rubiola
Their article reports on the measurement of phase noise and amplitude noise of direct digital synthesizers (DDS), ultimately intended for precision time and frequency applications. The DDS noise Sφ(f) tends to scale down as 1/ν02, until the noise hits the limit due to the output stage. The spurs, however disturbing in general, sink power from the white noise. Voltage noise can be more critical in the digital power supply than in the analog supply. Temperature fluctuations are an issue at 10-3 ... 1 Hz Fourier frequency. Passive stabilization (thermal mass) proves to be useful. Other paramours affect the phase noise, like the clock frequency and power. The amplitude 1/f noise is of the order of -110 dB(V2/V2)/Hz in some reference (typical) conditions. Owing to the page and file size limitations, only a small part of the available data can be published here. An extended and free version of this article is available on http://rubiola.org and on http://arxiv.org.
{"title":"Phase noise and amplitude noise in DDS","authors":"C. Calosso, Y. Gruson, E. Rubiola","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2012.6243619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2012.6243619","url":null,"abstract":"Their article reports on the measurement of phase noise and amplitude noise of direct digital synthesizers (DDS), ultimately intended for precision time and frequency applications. The DDS noise Sφ(f) tends to scale down as 1/ν02, until the noise hits the limit due to the output stage. The spurs, however disturbing in general, sink power from the white noise. Voltage noise can be more critical in the digital power supply than in the analog supply. Temperature fluctuations are an issue at 10-3 ... 1 Hz Fourier frequency. Passive stabilization (thermal mass) proves to be useful. Other paramours affect the phase noise, like the clock frequency and power. The amplitude 1/f noise is of the order of -110 dB(V2/V2)/Hz in some reference (typical) conditions. Owing to the page and file size limitations, only a small part of the available data can be published here. An extended and free version of this article is available on http://rubiola.org and on http://arxiv.org.","PeriodicalId":256670,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium Proceedings","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134159944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-21DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2012.6243737
S. J. Mihalko, W. Heban, W. Hunt, A. Wathen
Thin film bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonators have been the subject of research for many years due to their uses in wireless communications and chemical sensing. Both the steady-state and dynamic temperature characteristics of quartz resonators, such as those used in biosensing, have been studied in the past. Information pertaining to the steady-state temperature characteristics of ZnO BAW resonators is available in the literature, but thermal transient characteristics do not appear to be the subject of as much investigation. In this paper, we demonstrate the existence of transient thermal effects in ZnO solidly-mounted resonators (SMR). Resonators are exposed to a gradual and rapid temperature increase and the changes in five resonator parameters are compared. All five parameters are shown to vary linearly with temperature when exposed to a gradual temperature increase and vary in a parabolic manner when exposed to a rapid temperature increase, indicating the existence of thermal transient effects in these devices.
{"title":"Thermal transient characteristics of zinc oxide solidly mounted resonators","authors":"S. J. Mihalko, W. Heban, W. Hunt, A. Wathen","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2012.6243737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2012.6243737","url":null,"abstract":"Thin film bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonators have been the subject of research for many years due to their uses in wireless communications and chemical sensing. Both the steady-state and dynamic temperature characteristics of quartz resonators, such as those used in biosensing, have been studied in the past. Information pertaining to the steady-state temperature characteristics of ZnO BAW resonators is available in the literature, but thermal transient characteristics do not appear to be the subject of as much investigation. In this paper, we demonstrate the existence of transient thermal effects in ZnO solidly-mounted resonators (SMR). Resonators are exposed to a gradual and rapid temperature increase and the changes in five resonator parameters are compared. All five parameters are shown to vary linearly with temperature when exposed to a gradual temperature increase and vary in a parabolic manner when exposed to a rapid temperature increase, indicating the existence of thermal transient effects in these devices.","PeriodicalId":256670,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium Proceedings","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134258129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-21DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2012.6243742
Jaesung Lee, P. Feng
This digest paper presents our initial explorations of engineering graphene 2D nanostructures into nanomechanical resonators and transducers vibrating at high frequencies (i.e., ~1-30MHz, in the HF band in radio frequency spectrum) at T ~300K. We explore very small graphene devices that are suspended over micrometer-scale trenches or cavities and are free to vibrate in out-of-plane modes. The devices are derived from single- or few-layer graphene flakes and membranes, made by either mechanical exfoliation of graphite, or transfer of monolayer graphene grown on polycrystalline copper (Cu) by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. We report measured resonance characteristics from our typical exfoliated single- and bi-layer graphene resonators of ~1-5μm in size, with resonance frequency (f) in the ~10-20MHz range, and measured quality (Q) factors of ~800-1200. From a transferred CVD graphene membrane device of ~10μm in size, we have measured a nanomechanical resonance at f≈2.39MHz, with Q≈350. We further explore the potentials of these resonators for enabling sensitive transducers, by evaluating their sensitivities for detecting small displacements, forces, and mass loading effects. Moreover, in this study we have clearly identified and analyzed the striking discrepancies in the measurements and interpretations of both resonance frequency and strain from recently reported studies. Our analyses of these issues help find solutions toward gaining meaningful understandings that will be applicable to future designs and development of graphene nanomechanical devices.
{"title":"High frequency graphene nanomechanical resonators and transducers","authors":"Jaesung Lee, P. Feng","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2012.6243742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2012.6243742","url":null,"abstract":"This digest paper presents our initial explorations of engineering graphene 2D nanostructures into nanomechanical resonators and transducers vibrating at high frequencies (i.e., ~1-30MHz, in the HF band in radio frequency spectrum) at T ~300K. We explore very small graphene devices that are suspended over micrometer-scale trenches or cavities and are free to vibrate in out-of-plane modes. The devices are derived from single- or few-layer graphene flakes and membranes, made by either mechanical exfoliation of graphite, or transfer of monolayer graphene grown on polycrystalline copper (Cu) by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. We report measured resonance characteristics from our typical exfoliated single- and bi-layer graphene resonators of ~1-5μm in size, with resonance frequency (f) in the ~10-20MHz range, and measured quality (Q) factors of ~800-1200. From a transferred CVD graphene membrane device of ~10μm in size, we have measured a nanomechanical resonance at f≈2.39MHz, with Q≈350. We further explore the potentials of these resonators for enabling sensitive transducers, by evaluating their sensitivities for detecting small displacements, forces, and mass loading effects. Moreover, in this study we have clearly identified and analyzed the striking discrepancies in the measurements and interpretations of both resonance frequency and strain from recently reported studies. Our analyses of these issues help find solutions toward gaining meaningful understandings that will be applicable to future designs and development of graphene nanomechanical devices.","PeriodicalId":256670,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium Proceedings","volume":"194 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131773753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-21DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2012.6243725
D. Y. Tucker, L. Solie, J. Hines
Passive wireless sensors such as surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices are advantageous for applications such as heavy equipment monitoring and process control where harsh environments, moving parts, or limited battery lifetime preclude the use of wired or battery powered wireless sensors. In this work, Barker coded SAW delay lines with desirable autocorrelation properties were developed using time and frequency diversity to enhance the number of devices that may be accessed simultaneously. SAW device responses were modeled in MatLab and response correlations were simulated. Design parameters were selected to allow 100 sensors to be simultaneously operable in a single wireless system, and simulated and experimental results are presented. Results indicate that the combination of time diversity and frequency diversity techniques can significantly increase the number of individually identifiable passive sensors achievable over currently available systems.
{"title":"Enhancement of SAW multi-sensor systems using a combination of time and frequency diversity techniques","authors":"D. Y. Tucker, L. Solie, J. Hines","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2012.6243725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2012.6243725","url":null,"abstract":"Passive wireless sensors such as surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices are advantageous for applications such as heavy equipment monitoring and process control where harsh environments, moving parts, or limited battery lifetime preclude the use of wired or battery powered wireless sensors. In this work, Barker coded SAW delay lines with desirable autocorrelation properties were developed using time and frequency diversity to enhance the number of devices that may be accessed simultaneously. SAW device responses were modeled in MatLab and response correlations were simulated. Design parameters were selected to allow 100 sensors to be simultaneously operable in a single wireless system, and simulated and experimental results are presented. Results indicate that the combination of time diversity and frequency diversity techniques can significantly increase the number of individually identifiable passive sensors achievable over currently available systems.","PeriodicalId":256670,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium Proceedings","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132776312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-21DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2012.6243672
P. Dubé, A. Madej, J. Bernard, Z. Zhou
A new strontium ion trap of the endcap design was built recently at the National Research Council of Canada for better control of the micromotion shifts. The uncertainty caused by these shifts has been reduced by more than four orders of magnitude compared to the original NRC trap, down to a level of ≈ 10-18. In this paper we discuss the evaluation of micromotion shifts and of several other sources of importance to optical frequency standards based on single ions. The total fractional frequency uncertainty of the new strontium ion trap system is estimated to be ≈ 2 × 10-17, limited by the blackbody radiation shift. A preliminary measurement of the clock transition frequency with a fractional uncertainty of 2×10-15, limited by the accuracy of the maser reference, is also presented.
{"title":"Systematic shift evaluation of the NRC 88Sr+ single-ion optical frequency standard to a few parts in 1017","authors":"P. Dubé, A. Madej, J. Bernard, Z. Zhou","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2012.6243672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2012.6243672","url":null,"abstract":"A new strontium ion trap of the endcap design was built recently at the National Research Council of Canada for better control of the micromotion shifts. The uncertainty caused by these shifts has been reduced by more than four orders of magnitude compared to the original NRC trap, down to a level of ≈ 10-18. In this paper we discuss the evaluation of micromotion shifts and of several other sources of importance to optical frequency standards based on single ions. The total fractional frequency uncertainty of the new strontium ion trap system is estimated to be ≈ 2 × 10-17, limited by the blackbody radiation shift. A preliminary measurement of the clock transition frequency with a fractional uncertainty of 2×10-15, limited by the accuracy of the maser reference, is also presented.","PeriodicalId":256670,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium Proceedings","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132754500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-21DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2012.6243622
Yang Xuhai, Hu Zhenyuan, Guo Ji, L. Xiaohui, Li Zhigang, Y. Haibo
A new method of Common-view time transfer with transfer mode(TCV for abbreviation) via GEO telecommunication satellite is put forward, with which we can transfer the standard time kept in a time keeping laboratory, such as UTC (NTSC), to many users in the local area covered by the GEO satellite's signal. The time keeping laboratory is equipped with transmitting device and receiving device, and their external reference is from the main clock of the lab. The pseudo-code ranging signal is generated by the transmitting device in the lab, and is transmitted to the GEO satellite via a paraboloidal antenna, and then is broadcasted to the earth by the satellite. The pseudo-range from transmitter to GEO satellite and to the receiving device is measured in the lab. And at the same time the pseudo-range from transmitter to GEO satellite and to the user time receiver is also measured. By processing the pseudo-range measured by the user time receiver and that measured in the lab with paraboloidal antenna in common-view method, we can get the time difference between the user receiver clock and the main clock in the lab, carrying out the common-view time transfer with transfer mode (TCV). The precise coordinates of paraboloidal antenna in NTSC and the user time receiver, as well as precise orbit of the GEO satellite should be known in advance in this method. Chinese national standard time, UTC (NTSC) is kept in National Time Service Center (NTSC), Chinese Academy of Science. Based on the device of Two-Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer with C-band (TW(C) for abbreviation) in NTSC and Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory (XAO), we did TCV experiment. Both the transmitting and receiving units of the TW(C) device in NTSC are used, and only the receiving unit of the TW(C) device in XAO is used as a user time receiver. The main clock of UTC (NTSC) is a HP5071A Cs atomic clock, and an OSA5585 PRS Cs atomic clock is equipped in XAO. SATRE MODEM made by Timetech Company in Germany is used in our TW(C) devices and the code rate is 20MChips. The GEO satellite used in the experiment is Sinosat-1 telecommunication satellite (110.5°E). For the data processing in TCV method, the precise coordinates of the transmitting station and the receiving station are known in advance, the satellite orbit is provided by the Chinese Area Positioning System (CAPS) of Chinese Academy of Sciences, orbit precision is on the level of meter. And the system errors including Sagnac effect, ionosphere delay, troposphere delay etc, are taken out during the data processing, but the device delay is not deducted. We compare the results of TCV and TW(C), and it shows that ignoring the device delay (almost constant), the RMS of the difference between TCV and TW(C) is about 1ns for five consecutive days, and such result is very better than that in GPS Common-view time transfer with code.
{"title":"Method of common-view time transfer with transfer mode based on geostationary satellite","authors":"Yang Xuhai, Hu Zhenyuan, Guo Ji, L. Xiaohui, Li Zhigang, Y. Haibo","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2012.6243622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2012.6243622","url":null,"abstract":"A new method of Common-view time transfer with transfer mode(TCV for abbreviation) via GEO telecommunication satellite is put forward, with which we can transfer the standard time kept in a time keeping laboratory, such as UTC (NTSC), to many users in the local area covered by the GEO satellite's signal. The time keeping laboratory is equipped with transmitting device and receiving device, and their external reference is from the main clock of the lab. The pseudo-code ranging signal is generated by the transmitting device in the lab, and is transmitted to the GEO satellite via a paraboloidal antenna, and then is broadcasted to the earth by the satellite. The pseudo-range from transmitter to GEO satellite and to the receiving device is measured in the lab. And at the same time the pseudo-range from transmitter to GEO satellite and to the user time receiver is also measured. By processing the pseudo-range measured by the user time receiver and that measured in the lab with paraboloidal antenna in common-view method, we can get the time difference between the user receiver clock and the main clock in the lab, carrying out the common-view time transfer with transfer mode (TCV). The precise coordinates of paraboloidal antenna in NTSC and the user time receiver, as well as precise orbit of the GEO satellite should be known in advance in this method. Chinese national standard time, UTC (NTSC) is kept in National Time Service Center (NTSC), Chinese Academy of Science. Based on the device of Two-Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer with C-band (TW(C) for abbreviation) in NTSC and Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory (XAO), we did TCV experiment. Both the transmitting and receiving units of the TW(C) device in NTSC are used, and only the receiving unit of the TW(C) device in XAO is used as a user time receiver. The main clock of UTC (NTSC) is a HP5071A Cs atomic clock, and an OSA5585 PRS Cs atomic clock is equipped in XAO. SATRE MODEM made by Timetech Company in Germany is used in our TW(C) devices and the code rate is 20MChips. The GEO satellite used in the experiment is Sinosat-1 telecommunication satellite (110.5°E). For the data processing in TCV method, the precise coordinates of the transmitting station and the receiving station are known in advance, the satellite orbit is provided by the Chinese Area Positioning System (CAPS) of Chinese Academy of Sciences, orbit precision is on the level of meter. And the system errors including Sagnac effect, ionosphere delay, troposphere delay etc, are taken out during the data processing, but the device delay is not deducted. We compare the results of TCV and TW(C), and it shows that ignoring the device delay (almost constant), the RMS of the difference between TCV and TW(C) is about 1ns for five consecutive days, and such result is very better than that in GPS Common-view time transfer with code.","PeriodicalId":256670,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium Proceedings","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121044372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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