Pub Date : 2018-06-04DOI: 10.3126/mjpahs.v1i1.22458
Dela Singh, Rashmi Regmi, T. Gurung, Lakshmi Sunar
Background: Teenage pregnancy is a pregnancy in a woman of age group 10-19 years which is a worldwide public health problem in both developed and developing countries. Pregnancy during this period is usually unplanned and is associated with increase maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The overall aim is to study the obstetric outcome in teenage pregnancy and comparing them with the adult group. Materials and methods: A hospital-based study was conducted among teenager primiparous women aged 13-19 years while comparing them with 20-24 years primiparous delivering in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology in Pokhara, Nepal from July 20, 2017 to November 12, 2017. Medical details of the patients were retrospectively collected from the medical record section and used to record sociodemographic features, mode of deliveries, and gestational age at delivery, fetal and maternal outcomes on a structured observational checklist. Results: The incidence of teenage pregnancy was 11.22%. The mean age of teenager and control groups were 18.17± 0.86 and 22.13± 1.61 years respectively. The incidence of teenage pregnancy was higher in Dalits. Literacy was another factor that made a significant difference. The study group in comparision with the control had more vaginal delivery without episiotomy and less cesarean delivery. But there was no statistical significance in the incidence of instrumental delivery. The incidence of live birth, intrauterine fetal death, neonatal death and NICU admission had no statistical significance. Conclusion: Teenage pregnancy had more vaginal deliveries and less cesarean sections. Teenage pregnancy is not associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes.
{"title":"Obstetric Outcomes of Teenage Pregnancies: A Hospital-based Study in a Tertiary Care Center","authors":"Dela Singh, Rashmi Regmi, T. Gurung, Lakshmi Sunar","doi":"10.3126/mjpahs.v1i1.22458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/mjpahs.v1i1.22458","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Teenage pregnancy is a pregnancy in a woman of age group 10-19 years which is a worldwide public health problem in both developed and developing countries. Pregnancy during this period is usually unplanned and is associated with increase maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The overall aim is to study the obstetric outcome in teenage pregnancy and comparing them with the adult group. \u0000Materials and methods: A hospital-based study was conducted among teenager primiparous women aged 13-19 years while comparing them with 20-24 years primiparous delivering in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology in Pokhara, Nepal from July 20, 2017 to November 12, 2017. Medical details of the patients were retrospectively collected from the medical record section and used to record sociodemographic features, mode of deliveries, and gestational age at delivery, fetal and maternal outcomes on a structured observational checklist. \u0000Results: The incidence of teenage pregnancy was 11.22%. The mean age of teenager and control groups were 18.17± 0.86 and 22.13± 1.61 years respectively. The incidence of teenage pregnancy was higher in Dalits. Literacy was another factor that made a significant difference. The study group in comparision with the control had more vaginal delivery without episiotomy and less cesarean delivery. But there was no statistical significance in the incidence of instrumental delivery. The incidence of live birth, intrauterine fetal death, neonatal death and NICU admission had no statistical significance. \u0000Conclusion: Teenage pregnancy had more vaginal deliveries and less cesarean sections. Teenage pregnancy is not associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes.","PeriodicalId":256896,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Pokhara Academy of Health Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127606242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-04DOI: 10.3126/mjpahs.v1i1.22455
R. Adhikari, G. Sharma, P. Dhungana, K. Adhikari, Pushpa Maharjan
Background: Safe abortion policy was started in 2002 to reduce the maternal mortality and morbidity related to unsafe abortion. Promoting the use of contraceptive methods effectively reduces the abortion rate by preventing unintended pregnancy. In this study the acceptance and selection of contraceptive method following abortion was assessed. Methods: A descriptive retrospective study was conducted from 1st January 2016 till 31st December 2016 at Western Regional Hospital, Pokhara Nepal where 191 women were enrolled for the study. Results: Among 191 women mostly were from the age group of 20-29 (46.1%) and were Hindu (73.3%). Most of them were pregnant for more than one time (86.9%) and do house work (57.6%). The main reason for abortion was due to complete family (67.5%) and the abortion was done by medical method (57.6%). Around 52.4% of women did not choose any form of family planning methods post abortion which is most alarming for the government of Nepal. Conclusion: The abortion service is free in Nepal; most women did not use family planning after abortion which indicates repeated abortion. The good counselling pre and post abortion may be helpful to increase the rate of acceptance of family planning after abortion.
{"title":"Acceptance of Family Planning Methods by Clients Availing Safe Abortion Service","authors":"R. Adhikari, G. Sharma, P. Dhungana, K. Adhikari, Pushpa Maharjan","doi":"10.3126/mjpahs.v1i1.22455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/mjpahs.v1i1.22455","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Safe abortion policy was started in 2002 to reduce the maternal mortality and morbidity related to unsafe abortion. Promoting the use of contraceptive methods effectively reduces the abortion rate by preventing unintended pregnancy. In this study the acceptance and selection of contraceptive method following abortion was assessed. \u0000Methods: A descriptive retrospective study was conducted from 1st January 2016 till 31st December 2016 at Western Regional Hospital, Pokhara Nepal where 191 women were enrolled for the study. \u0000Results: Among 191 women mostly were from the age group of 20-29 (46.1%) and were Hindu (73.3%). Most of them were pregnant for more than one time (86.9%) and do house work (57.6%). The main reason for abortion was due to complete family (67.5%) and the abortion was done by medical method (57.6%). Around 52.4% of women did not choose any form of family planning methods post abortion which is most alarming for the government of Nepal. \u0000Conclusion: The abortion service is free in Nepal; most women did not use family planning after abortion which indicates repeated abortion. The good counselling pre and post abortion may be helpful to increase the rate of acceptance of family planning after abortion.","PeriodicalId":256896,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Pokhara Academy of Health Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130933957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-04DOI: 10.3126/MJPAHS.V1I1.22462
Shyam Sundar Parajuly, A. Shrestha, Dela Singh, Rashmi Regmi, R. Adhikari
Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is a gynecological emergency that can bring catastrophic condition leading tubal rupture and hemorrhagic shock. Chronic ectopic pregnancy is a very rare type of tubal pregnancy presenting with a tubal mass with negative B hCG (beta human chorionic gonadotropin test. We present a case in twenty seven years old female with a history of six weeks of amenorrhea with complain of acute lower abdominal pain and per-vaginal bleeding. Urine pregnancy test (UPT) was negative. A total left salpingoectomy was undertaken and the histopathological examination revealed the presence of chorionic villi, suggesting the diagnosis of chronic ectopic tubal pregnancy. It is obvious that ectopic pregnancy could not be excluded with negative urine B-hCG test.
{"title":"Negative Urine B-hCG Pregnancy Test in Chronic Ectopic Pregnancy – a Case Report","authors":"Shyam Sundar Parajuly, A. Shrestha, Dela Singh, Rashmi Regmi, R. Adhikari","doi":"10.3126/MJPAHS.V1I1.22462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/MJPAHS.V1I1.22462","url":null,"abstract":"Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is a gynecological emergency that can bring catastrophic condition leading tubal rupture and hemorrhagic shock. Chronic ectopic pregnancy is a very rare type of tubal pregnancy presenting with a tubal mass with negative B hCG (beta human chorionic gonadotropin test. We present a case in twenty seven years old female with a history of six weeks of amenorrhea with complain of acute lower abdominal pain and per-vaginal bleeding. Urine pregnancy test (UPT) was negative. A total left salpingoectomy was undertaken and the histopathological examination revealed the presence of chorionic villi, suggesting the diagnosis of chronic ectopic tubal pregnancy. It is obvious that ectopic pregnancy could not be excluded with negative urine B-hCG test.","PeriodicalId":256896,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Pokhara Academy of Health Sciences","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131972021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-04DOI: 10.3126/mjpahs.v1i1.22449
B. B. Kc, N. Lamichhane, C. Mishra, B. Khatri, S. Dhakal
Background: Supracondylar fracture of the distal humerus is one of the commonest fracture in pediatric age group. Though there is consensus of treating type III fracture operatively, no study has compared the outcome between Closed Reduction and Percutaneous Pinning (CRPP) and Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) with k-wire in our setup. Materials and Methods: Retrospective comparison study was done on eighty seven cases of Type III supracondylar fracture of distal humerus underwent operative procedure. Fifty four (54) cases underwent CRPP and 33 cases were managed with ORIF with k-wire, and they were followed up till 6 months post-operatively. Results : The mean time for radiological union in patient who underwent CRPP was 4.37±0.94 weeks and that for the patient who underwent ORIF was 4.45±0.13 weeks, the difference of which was statistically insignificant (p-value >0.05). 83.3% of CRPP group and 78.8% in ORIF group had excellent functional outcome and only 3% in ORIF group had poor functional outcome. Conclusion: Though both the group don’t have significant advantage of functional outcome among each other CRPP with limited attempt should be preferred to ORIF with k-wire for the advantage of avoiding surgical scar and reducing surgery time and exposure to anaesthetic agents.
{"title":"Comparison of outcome of closed reduction and percutaneous pinning and, open reduction and internal fixation with k-wire in Gartland extension type III supracondylar fracture of distal humerus in pediatric population","authors":"B. B. Kc, N. Lamichhane, C. Mishra, B. Khatri, S. Dhakal","doi":"10.3126/mjpahs.v1i1.22449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/mjpahs.v1i1.22449","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Supracondylar fracture of the distal humerus is one of the commonest fracture in pediatric age group. Though there is consensus of treating type III fracture operatively, no study has compared the outcome between Closed Reduction and Percutaneous Pinning (CRPP) and Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) with k-wire in our setup. \u0000Materials and Methods: Retrospective comparison study was done on eighty seven cases of Type III supracondylar fracture of distal humerus underwent operative procedure. Fifty four (54) cases underwent CRPP and 33 cases were managed with ORIF with k-wire, and they were followed up till 6 months post-operatively. \u0000Results : The mean time for radiological union in patient who underwent CRPP was 4.37±0.94 weeks and that for the patient who underwent ORIF was 4.45±0.13 weeks, the difference of which was statistically insignificant (p-value >0.05). 83.3% of CRPP group and 78.8% in ORIF group had excellent functional outcome and only 3% in ORIF group had poor functional outcome. \u0000Conclusion: Though both the group don’t have significant advantage of functional outcome among each other CRPP with limited attempt should be preferred to ORIF with k-wire for the advantage of avoiding surgical scar and reducing surgery time and exposure to anaesthetic agents.","PeriodicalId":256896,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Pokhara Academy of Health Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115313619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.3126/mjpahs.v2i2.28195
M. Koirala, B. Thapa, B. Tamrakar, Surya Bahadur Hamal, Bishow Raj Baral, B. Lamichanne, A. Nepal, Aarati Acharya, R. Pangeni
Introduction: The risk of active Tuberculosis increases after HIV seroconversion. It progressively increases with declining immunity. Tuberculosis (TB) epidemics in HIV has led to a dramatic upsurge in global TB incidence, resulting in remarkable increase in morbidity and mortality. Many clinical studies had shown that TB is one of the commonest opportunistic infection. This study is conducted to see the incidence of tuberculosis as an opportunistic infection in patients with HIV getting combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) Materials and Methods: This was a hospital based cross-sectional comparative study. Five hundred patients with HIV who are getting cART were enrolled in the study. Results: Analysis of individuals with HIV in our study amongst the 500 patients 266 (53.2%) were males and the remaining 234 (46.68%) were females. Amongst these HIV patients 48(18.04%) males and 17(7.26%) females had tuberculosis. 65(13%) of patients were TB/HIV co-infected. 2(4.1%) of these male TB/HIV patients had cervical gland TB. Conclusion: The incidence of tuberculosis in HIV infected individuals is high. TB is the commonest opportunistic infection (OIs) in people living with HIV/AIDS. Males are predominant gender to have TB/HIV co-infection.
{"title":"Incidence of Tuberculosis as a Opportunistic Infection in Patients with HIV Getting Combined Anti Retroviral Therapy","authors":"M. Koirala, B. Thapa, B. Tamrakar, Surya Bahadur Hamal, Bishow Raj Baral, B. Lamichanne, A. Nepal, Aarati Acharya, R. Pangeni","doi":"10.3126/mjpahs.v2i2.28195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/mjpahs.v2i2.28195","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The risk of active Tuberculosis increases after HIV seroconversion. It progressively increases with declining immunity. Tuberculosis (TB) epidemics in HIV has led to a dramatic upsurge in global TB incidence, resulting in remarkable increase in morbidity and mortality. Many clinical studies had shown that TB is one of the commonest opportunistic infection. This study is conducted to see the incidence of tuberculosis as an opportunistic infection in patients with HIV getting combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) \u0000Materials and Methods: This was a hospital based cross-sectional comparative study. Five hundred patients with HIV who are getting cART were enrolled in the study. \u0000Results: Analysis of individuals with HIV in our study amongst the 500 patients 266 (53.2%) were males and the remaining 234 (46.68%) were females. Amongst these HIV patients 48(18.04%) males and 17(7.26%) females had tuberculosis. 65(13%) of patients were TB/HIV co-infected. 2(4.1%) of these male TB/HIV patients had cervical gland TB. \u0000Conclusion: The incidence of tuberculosis in HIV infected individuals is high. TB is the commonest opportunistic infection (OIs) in people living with HIV/AIDS. Males are predominant gender to have TB/HIV co-infection.","PeriodicalId":256896,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Pokhara Academy of Health Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125906528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.3126/mjpahs.v2i2.28187
Swasti Sharma, L. Banstola
Introduction: Salivary gland disorders can arise from infection, inflammation, cystic changes, degenerative process and neoplastic etiologies. Most common conditions of salivary gland disease result from acute infection and inflammation. These swellings can usually be diagnosed clinically. Reports of salivary gland tumours are also on the rise, with one study revealing the incidence to be 6% of all head and neck tumors. Materials and methods: Retrospective analysis of salivary gland swellings, diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology from Kartik 2072 to Chaitra 2074, was done. Result: The most common age group with manifestation of salivary gland pathology was 11-20 years (19.4%). Non neoplastic swellings comprised 56% of the cases, while the rest comprised of neoplastic swellings. Conclusion: Chronic infection and pleomorphic adenoma were the most common diseases involving salivary glands are, among nonneoplastic and neoplastic group respectively
{"title":"Salivary Gland Swellings: A Retrospective Study of Cytological Findings","authors":"Swasti Sharma, L. Banstola","doi":"10.3126/mjpahs.v2i2.28187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/mjpahs.v2i2.28187","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Salivary gland disorders can arise from infection, inflammation, cystic changes, degenerative process and neoplastic etiologies. Most common conditions of salivary gland disease result from acute infection and inflammation. These swellings can usually be diagnosed clinically. Reports of salivary gland tumours are also on the rise, with one study revealing the incidence to be 6% of all head and neck tumors. \u0000Materials and methods: Retrospective analysis of salivary gland swellings, diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology from Kartik 2072 to Chaitra 2074, was done. \u0000Result: The most common age group with manifestation of salivary gland pathology was 11-20 years (19.4%). Non neoplastic swellings comprised 56% of the cases, while the rest comprised of neoplastic swellings. \u0000Conclusion: Chronic infection and pleomorphic adenoma were the most common diseases involving salivary glands are, among nonneoplastic and neoplastic group respectively","PeriodicalId":256896,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Pokhara Academy of Health Sciences","volume":"348 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116459000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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