In the article, adopting the democratic transformation perspective, the author focuses on art as a specific area of civil society. With an eye on Poland, various forms of artistic activism are analyzed and compared, from artistic vanguard and protest art of the communist period, to the practices of cultural democracy and social art of the present day. In particular, the concept of social art is explained and exemplified with three model projects, each set in a different context ‐ of an open public space, local community and minority group, and each representing a different set of social functions.
{"title":"Art and civil society: From protest to cooperation","authors":"K. Niziołek","doi":"10.3846/limes.2010.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/limes.2010.15","url":null,"abstract":"In the article, adopting the democratic transformation perspective, the author focuses on art as a specific area of civil society. With an eye on Poland, various forms of artistic activism are analyzed and compared, from artistic vanguard and protest art of the communist period, to the practices of cultural democracy and social art of the present day. In particular, the concept of social art is explained and exemplified with three model projects, each set in a different context ‐ of an open public space, local community and minority group, and each representing a different set of social functions.","PeriodicalId":256919,"journal":{"name":"LIMES: Cultural Regionalistics","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116320542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present day discourse of the postmodern European and national self‐identification is closely related to a fundamental question, how to evaluate theoretically the essential cultural changes under global transformation. The global technological, political, economic and socio‐cultural world powers are highligted in recent years. These powers in the national and European space reveal a unique, multicultural and global process of new images and symbols. But so far there is no any theoretical model or paradigm, which could define peculiarities of postmodern culture under global transformation. Changing European and national cultural identity is an integral part of global modernity. Identity, that is undergoing changes in global modernity, becomes an inter‐subjective cultural unity; an expression of that identity which is represented by new cultural images, beliefs, customs and a unique worldview. Lithuanian identity is still perceived as a unique cultural combination of European and national fundamental values, symbols and images.
{"title":"Lithuanian modern culture and images under global transformation","authors":"Lilijana Astra","doi":"10.3846/limes.2010.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/limes.2010.05","url":null,"abstract":"The present day discourse of the postmodern European and national self‐identification is closely related to a fundamental question, how to evaluate theoretically the essential cultural changes under global transformation. The global technological, political, economic and socio‐cultural world powers are highligted in recent years. These powers in the national and European space reveal a unique, multicultural and global process of new images and symbols. But so far there is no any theoretical model or paradigm, which could define peculiarities of postmodern culture under global transformation. Changing European and national cultural identity is an integral part of global modernity. Identity, that is undergoing changes in global modernity, becomes an inter‐subjective cultural unity; an expression of that identity which is represented by new cultural images, beliefs, customs and a unique worldview. Lithuanian identity is still perceived as a unique cultural combination of European and national fundamental values, symbols and images.","PeriodicalId":256919,"journal":{"name":"LIMES: Cultural Regionalistics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128503937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chronical","authors":"Borderline TO Borderland, Basia Nikiforova","doi":"10.3846/limes.2010.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/limes.2010.09","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":256919,"journal":{"name":"LIMES: Cultural Regionalistics","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131459669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the article is to show in what way it is possible to guarantee the proper representation of human interests in the parliamentary form of government. To quote ideas of Mykolas Romeris concerning relationships between sovereign and State powers, it is stated that a special function of safeguarding of constitutionality as an expression of the Sovereign's will ought to be provided in the Constitution of Parliamentary Republic. In the article, it is demonstrated that such function is implemented in the Constitutions of France and Germany by granting a President to guarantee a proper work of parliamentary system (the function of political and legal reserve). It is also shown that in Lithuania, which is considered to be a Parliamentary Republic, the President does not perform a function of political and legal reserve and does not have appropriate authorizations. The author of the article proposes to follow the standards of Constitutions of France and Germany and to reconsider the competences between the institutions of the Seimas and the President.
{"title":"Sovereignty of a nation in the parliamentary system of Lithuania: Problems and proposals","authors":"S. Arlauskas","doi":"10.3846/limes.2010.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/limes.2010.11","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to show in what way it is possible to guarantee the proper representation of human interests in the parliamentary form of government. To quote ideas of Mykolas Romeris concerning relationships between sovereign and State powers, it is stated that a special function of safeguarding of constitutionality as an expression of the Sovereign's will ought to be provided in the Constitution of Parliamentary Republic. In the article, it is demonstrated that such function is implemented in the Constitutions of France and Germany by granting a President to guarantee a proper work of parliamentary system (the function of political and legal reserve). It is also shown that in Lithuania, which is considered to be a Parliamentary Republic, the President does not perform a function of political and legal reserve and does not have appropriate authorizations. The author of the article proposes to follow the standards of Constitutions of France and Germany and to reconsider the competences between the institutions of the Seimas and the President.","PeriodicalId":256919,"journal":{"name":"LIMES: Cultural Regionalistics","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121096814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article is based on sociological insight into the concept of up‐to‐date world without borders: technological impact and social networking. Generations X, Y and Z are discussed according to three categories: social, technological and historical environment. The survey results are provided representing the Lithuanian case. Six areas are analysed: 1) country of residence (a survey has been carried out among Lithuanians through social networks Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and MySpace); 2) age (generation) share; 3) number of social network connections ("friends"); 4) type of social network associates; 5) demand of physical meeting with social network associates; and 6) frequency of social networking. Out of 812 Lithuanians (social network users) who participated in a short survey the conclusion might be offered that they follow same digital trends and changes happening all over the world. Social networking may be part of every communication tool one uses; those tools in the very essence change how people interact with each other. In this case social networking loses categories of time and space providing the concept of the world without borders.
{"title":"Generations x, y, z: How social networks form the concept of the world without borders (the case of Lithuania)","authors":"Rasa Levickaitė","doi":"10.3846/limes.2010.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/limes.2010.17","url":null,"abstract":"This article is based on sociological insight into the concept of up‐to‐date world without borders: technological impact and social networking. Generations X, Y and Z are discussed according to three categories: social, technological and historical environment. The survey results are provided representing the Lithuanian case. Six areas are analysed: 1) country of residence (a survey has been carried out among Lithuanians through social networks Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and MySpace); 2) age (generation) share; 3) number of social network connections (\"friends\"); 4) type of social network associates; 5) demand of physical meeting with social network associates; and 6) frequency of social networking. Out of 812 Lithuanians (social network users) who participated in a short survey the conclusion might be offered that they follow same digital trends and changes happening all over the world. Social networking may be part of every communication tool one uses; those tools in the very essence change how people interact with each other. In this case social networking loses categories of time and space providing the concept of the world without borders.","PeriodicalId":256919,"journal":{"name":"LIMES: Cultural Regionalistics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127934454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main objective of the paper is to examine the concepts of region and regional identity in order to point out their political, social and theoretical/philosophical opportunity, and also their highly problematic character, especially in the current Eastern European context. The author tries to determine the contents of the concept of region from phenomenological perspective and shows that it is hardly possibly because, in practice, “region” refers more to arbitrary political and administrative criteria than to what can be experienced as a common “surrounding world”. The examples of regions analyzed in the paper are those of the infra‐state Polish region Podlasie and of the supra‐state Euregion Neman. In conclusion, the author claims that the opposition cultural/political, or experienced/constructed, should be mediated by European legal and moral rules. It is also claimed that only awareness of difficulties connected with the project of regions can allow their construction in a realistic, not arbitrary and not utopian way.
{"title":"Between the local, national and global: The problem of “regional identities”","authors":"W. Kowalska","doi":"10.3846/limes.2010.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/limes.2010.16","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of the paper is to examine the concepts of region and regional identity in order to point out their political, social and theoretical/philosophical opportunity, and also their highly problematic character, especially in the current Eastern European context. The author tries to determine the contents of the concept of region from phenomenological perspective and shows that it is hardly possibly because, in practice, “region” refers more to arbitrary political and administrative criteria than to what can be experienced as a common “surrounding world”. The examples of regions analyzed in the paper are those of the infra‐state Polish region Podlasie and of the supra‐state Euregion Neman. In conclusion, the author claims that the opposition cultural/political, or experienced/constructed, should be mediated by European legal and moral rules. It is also claimed that only awareness of difficulties connected with the project of regions can allow their construction in a realistic, not arbitrary and not utopian way.","PeriodicalId":256919,"journal":{"name":"LIMES: Cultural Regionalistics","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124097610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The significance of formal criteria which could help to sort out the problem of tolerance paradox has emerged in the background of cultural egalitarianism. Alas, such criteria have not been established so far. The conviction that the problem of tolerance is significant just in the context of social and political discourse might be questioned due to the fact that this attitude did not help to tackle this problem throughout the last centuries. The paper aims to show that the problem of tolerance can be solved taking into account systemic attitude and synergetic insights. The current study into the literature on tolerance concludes that the formal criterion, which defines the tolerance boundaries in the most general sense, is considered to be such deviations from the standard (as ideal parameters of social system) when tolerance can function normally (stably). Cultural egalitarianism, which requires equalizing the rights of the majority and the minorities facing discrimination, impinges on the ratio of necessary diversity, and thus has to be questioned.
{"title":"Tolerance boundaries and cultural egalitarianism","authors":"Saulius Kanišauskas","doi":"10.3846/limes.2010.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/limes.2010.07","url":null,"abstract":"The significance of formal criteria which could help to sort out the problem of tolerance paradox has emerged in the background of cultural egalitarianism. Alas, such criteria have not been established so far. The conviction that the problem of tolerance is significant just in the context of social and political discourse might be questioned due to the fact that this attitude did not help to tackle this problem throughout the last centuries. The paper aims to show that the problem of tolerance can be solved taking into account systemic attitude and synergetic insights. The current study into the literature on tolerance concludes that the formal criterion, which defines the tolerance boundaries in the most general sense, is considered to be such deviations from the standard (as ideal parameters of social system) when tolerance can function normally (stably). Cultural egalitarianism, which requires equalizing the rights of the majority and the minorities facing discrimination, impinges on the ratio of necessary diversity, and thus has to be questioned.","PeriodicalId":256919,"journal":{"name":"LIMES: Cultural Regionalistics","volume":"395 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123200267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article deals with the dialectics of territorialization, deterritorialization and reterritorialization in the context of cultural regionalistics. The author shows how changing the roles between these modes of terra dynamics influences the becoming of culture interpreted as existential creation. Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL) has been used as the case for the development of these ideas in the paper. According to the author, we deal with the polyphonic process of territorialization while the physical aspect serves as a background for cultural deterritorialization and vice versa. The perspective of cultural regionalistics presupposes an existential approach (culture as existential creation), as well as border discourse, while border has been interpreted as cultural phenomenon to be cultivated by both an individual and the nation. The major thesis is the following: the very dynamism of life‐world's borders follows from human existential creativity, the source of which is being towards death. The minor thesis: a nation is alive as a terra for individual (re)birth while he (she) creates the future community by his (her) activity. The author presents two kinds of communication during territorialization: horizontal, which deals with realization of a utopia, and vertical, which deals with the myths of the nation's past. The change of roles between different aspects of human terra signifies not linear multi‐layered development of culture as a fight for creative space or existential territory. According to the author, reterritorialization presupposes a temporal aspect, which regards all three modes because of dialectics between them. Historical images have been used in our political terra and, vice versa, historical terrae have been understood in political perspective.
{"title":"Cultural territorialization: The case of Grand Duchy of Lithuania","authors":"T. Kačerauskas","doi":"10.3846/limes.2010.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/limes.2010.04","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the dialectics of territorialization, deterritorialization and reterritorialization in the context of cultural regionalistics. The author shows how changing the roles between these modes of terra dynamics influences the becoming of culture interpreted as existential creation. Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL) has been used as the case for the development of these ideas in the paper. According to the author, we deal with the polyphonic process of territorialization while the physical aspect serves as a background for cultural deterritorialization and vice versa. The perspective of cultural regionalistics presupposes an existential approach (culture as existential creation), as well as border discourse, while border has been interpreted as cultural phenomenon to be cultivated by both an individual and the nation. The major thesis is the following: the very dynamism of life‐world's borders follows from human existential creativity, the source of which is being towards death. The minor thesis: a nation is alive as a terra for individual (re)birth while he (she) creates the future community by his (her) activity. The author presents two kinds of communication during territorialization: horizontal, which deals with realization of a utopia, and vertical, which deals with the myths of the nation's past. The change of roles between different aspects of human terra signifies not linear multi‐layered development of culture as a fight for creative space or existential territory. According to the author, reterritorialization presupposes a temporal aspect, which regards all three modes because of dialectics between them. Historical images have been used in our political terra and, vice versa, historical terrae have been understood in political perspective.","PeriodicalId":256919,"journal":{"name":"LIMES: Cultural Regionalistics","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114388708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
At a very close examination, traditional self‐identification by the nationality or the religious confession appears deprived from the common sense and even seems to be a kind of mauvais ton. Here a question arises: are the nationality and the religion the essential properties of a man or a woman? The most serious charges are following: national and religious conflicts are the reason of the greatest sufferings of mankind. If it is really necessary to rank a person with any class or category (but only if it is), historical memory can prompt more essential criteria.
{"title":"New criteria for self‐identification","authors":"Andrius Konickis","doi":"10.3846/limes.2010.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/limes.2010.10","url":null,"abstract":"At a very close examination, traditional self‐identification by the nationality or the religious confession appears deprived from the common sense and even seems to be a kind of mauvais ton. Here a question arises: are the nationality and the religion the essential properties of a man or a woman? The most serious charges are following: national and religious conflicts are the reason of the greatest sufferings of mankind. If it is really necessary to rank a person with any class or category (but only if it is), historical memory can prompt more essential criteria.","PeriodicalId":256919,"journal":{"name":"LIMES: Cultural Regionalistics","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128977688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article presents the comparative analysis of the process of construction of a new cultural space with its specific history and its cognitive geography, securing a firm, which foots the intrinsic centre. Belarusian cognitive map in particular and the Eastern European one in general have their own specifics of a description of social reality. Particularly, philosophical discourse is usually used here as a main way of interaction between subject and social reality. First of all, the presentation aims at an investigation of the emergence of the Belarusian cognitive center through the writings of national intellectual history. This article intends to present the conceptual analysis of our recent attempts to re‐conceptualize and to line up the contemporary Belarusian national space with related “big picture” of Belarusian thought.
{"title":"Searchings after the cognitive centre (the case of Belarus)","authors":"Valery B. Yevarouski","doi":"10.3846/limes.2010.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/limes.2010.02","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the comparative analysis of the process of construction of a new cultural space with its specific history and its cognitive geography, securing a firm, which foots the intrinsic centre. Belarusian cognitive map in particular and the Eastern European one in general have their own specifics of a description of social reality. Particularly, philosophical discourse is usually used here as a main way of interaction between subject and social reality. First of all, the presentation aims at an investigation of the emergence of the Belarusian cognitive center through the writings of national intellectual history. This article intends to present the conceptual analysis of our recent attempts to re‐conceptualize and to line up the contemporary Belarusian national space with related “big picture” of Belarusian thought.","PeriodicalId":256919,"journal":{"name":"LIMES: Cultural Regionalistics","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126224818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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