This paper presents the design and implementation of a high-performance ATM bridge. The proposed ATM bridge can be used to interconnect IEEE 802.3/Ethernet, IEEE 802.3u/fast Ethernet, and IEEE 802.11N/wireless LANs. Data traffic is filtered out or forwarded to other homogeneous LANs by a proprietary LAN emulation technology, which is compatible with the ATM LAN emulation (LANE) specification. Enhanced capability including the support for emulated fast Ethernets and wireless LANs are provided by the proposed ATM bridge. A QoS guaranteed traffic scheduling algorithm is also proposed for the wireless LANs.
{"title":"On the design of a high-performance ATM bridge","authors":"W.-T. Chen, Y.-W. Deng, C.-P. Wang, N. Huang, H.-C. Lin, C.-C. Lu, Remy Chang","doi":"10.1109/ICATM.1998.688179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICATM.1998.688179","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the design and implementation of a high-performance ATM bridge. The proposed ATM bridge can be used to interconnect IEEE 802.3/Ethernet, IEEE 802.3u/fast Ethernet, and IEEE 802.11N/wireless LANs. Data traffic is filtered out or forwarded to other homogeneous LANs by a proprietary LAN emulation technology, which is compatible with the ATM LAN emulation (LANE) specification. Enhanced capability including the support for emulated fast Ethernets and wireless LANs are provided by the proposed ATM bridge. A QoS guaranteed traffic scheduling algorithm is also proposed for the wireless LANs.","PeriodicalId":257298,"journal":{"name":"1998 1st IEEE International Conference on ATM. ICATM'98","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115336578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-22DOI: 10.1109/ICATM.1998.688217
S. Ano, T. Hasegawa, T. Kato, K. Narita, K. Hokamura
For an ATM network, the VBR (variable bit rate) service category is used to accommodate TCP/IP traffic. In an international ATM network with large propagation delay, higher TCP throughput can be obtained by use of the window scale option. In order to accommodate TCP traffic with the window scale option effectively, it is required to select optimum values of VBR parameters, i.e. SCR (sustainable cell rate) and MBS (maximum burst size), and to evaluate the impact of the UPC (usage parameter control) function on TCP throughput. We have studied those technical issues for conventional TCP, but the results cannot be applied to TCP traffic with the window scale option due to the TCP terminal performance and the large window size. In this paper, we propose a VBR parameter determination method for TCP with the window scale option and evaluate the values in each condition. The results show that the optimum MBS is much smaller than the burst length of TCP segments especially using a low performance TCP terminal or a PCR (peak cell rate) below the calculated TCP throughput. Furthermore, we also discuss some experimental results of TCP throughput degradation due to the UPC function. It is shown that the throughput of TCP with large window size dramatically degrades when the SCR and MBS values used in the ATM switch are smaller than the optimum values.
{"title":"A study on accommodation of TCP/IP traffic using window scale option to international ATM network with VBR service category","authors":"S. Ano, T. Hasegawa, T. Kato, K. Narita, K. Hokamura","doi":"10.1109/ICATM.1998.688217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICATM.1998.688217","url":null,"abstract":"For an ATM network, the VBR (variable bit rate) service category is used to accommodate TCP/IP traffic. In an international ATM network with large propagation delay, higher TCP throughput can be obtained by use of the window scale option. In order to accommodate TCP traffic with the window scale option effectively, it is required to select optimum values of VBR parameters, i.e. SCR (sustainable cell rate) and MBS (maximum burst size), and to evaluate the impact of the UPC (usage parameter control) function on TCP throughput. We have studied those technical issues for conventional TCP, but the results cannot be applied to TCP traffic with the window scale option due to the TCP terminal performance and the large window size. In this paper, we propose a VBR parameter determination method for TCP with the window scale option and evaluate the values in each condition. The results show that the optimum MBS is much smaller than the burst length of TCP segments especially using a low performance TCP terminal or a PCR (peak cell rate) below the calculated TCP throughput. Furthermore, we also discuss some experimental results of TCP throughput degradation due to the UPC function. It is shown that the throughput of TCP with large window size dramatically degrades when the SCR and MBS values used in the ATM switch are smaller than the optimum values.","PeriodicalId":257298,"journal":{"name":"1998 1st IEEE International Conference on ATM. ICATM'98","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126679368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-22DOI: 10.1109/ICATM.1998.688214
M. Borriss, U. Dannowski, H. Hartig
In today's local area networks, ATM is often used as a replacement for slow Ethernet. This work measures and compares performance of the transmission control protocol (TCP) over ATM on two popular operating systems on PC hardware. Throughput and round trip latency of TCP data transfer over both Linux and Windows NT on identical hardware were measured. For throughput measurements, send and receive performances have been isolated by using a fast third-party machine as peer. Firstly, measurements indicated that high-end PC hardware can utilize the bandwidth provided by 155.52 Mbps ATM network adapters well. Running the heavyweight TCP protocol, data rates of up to 83% of the bandwidth available have been observed. As a second result, Linux and Windows NT bulk data throughput were competitive. However, particularly on slow hardware, the Linux implementation consistently outperformed NT. Finally, significant latency differences in the order of a 50% advantage for Linux were indicated by the request-response test suite.
{"title":"TCP performance over ATM on Linux and Windows NT","authors":"M. Borriss, U. Dannowski, H. Hartig","doi":"10.1109/ICATM.1998.688214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICATM.1998.688214","url":null,"abstract":"In today's local area networks, ATM is often used as a replacement for slow Ethernet. This work measures and compares performance of the transmission control protocol (TCP) over ATM on two popular operating systems on PC hardware. Throughput and round trip latency of TCP data transfer over both Linux and Windows NT on identical hardware were measured. For throughput measurements, send and receive performances have been isolated by using a fast third-party machine as peer. Firstly, measurements indicated that high-end PC hardware can utilize the bandwidth provided by 155.52 Mbps ATM network adapters well. Running the heavyweight TCP protocol, data rates of up to 83% of the bandwidth available have been observed. As a second result, Linux and Windows NT bulk data throughput were competitive. However, particularly on slow hardware, the Linux implementation consistently outperformed NT. Finally, significant latency differences in the order of a 50% advantage for Linux were indicated by the request-response test suite.","PeriodicalId":257298,"journal":{"name":"1998 1st IEEE International Conference on ATM. ICATM'98","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127365593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-22DOI: 10.1109/ICATM.1998.688223
P. Francis-Cobley, N. Davies
In this paper we discuss issues relating to the mapping of QoS parameters in an IP/ATM environment. We conduct preliminary experiments with constant TP packet rate, which after segmentation in AAL5, generates a jittered CBR cell stream. We use this stream to investigate the effect of parameter translation on the QoS received by the application. Results indicate that translation does have a significant impact on performance, in particular, on cell loss. There are also cost implications, as large buffers are required to achieve an acceptable level of performance.
{"title":"Performance implications of QoS mapping in heterogeneous networks involving ATM","authors":"P. Francis-Cobley, N. Davies","doi":"10.1109/ICATM.1998.688223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICATM.1998.688223","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we discuss issues relating to the mapping of QoS parameters in an IP/ATM environment. We conduct preliminary experiments with constant TP packet rate, which after segmentation in AAL5, generates a jittered CBR cell stream. We use this stream to investigate the effect of parameter translation on the QoS received by the application. Results indicate that translation does have a significant impact on performance, in particular, on cell loss. There are also cost implications, as large buffers are required to achieve an acceptable level of performance.","PeriodicalId":257298,"journal":{"name":"1998 1st IEEE International Conference on ATM. ICATM'98","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121830182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-22DOI: 10.1109/ICATM.1998.688205
S. Wright, R. Onvural
This paper lists a number of issues that need to be addressed to natively support telephony services in an integrated service environment over both ATM and IP infrastructures. It presents the different approaches proposed for the network technologies. It then compares and contrasts the two solutions and concludes that IP networks are not likely to replace public telephone networks. As the current telephone networks evolve to B-ISDN, the role of IP may change from a layer 2 independent routing protocol to an addressing scheme with embedded routing information, similar to current use of E.164 addresses.
{"title":"IP \"telephony\" vs. ATM: what is there to discuss?","authors":"S. Wright, R. Onvural","doi":"10.1109/ICATM.1998.688205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICATM.1998.688205","url":null,"abstract":"This paper lists a number of issues that need to be addressed to natively support telephony services in an integrated service environment over both ATM and IP infrastructures. It presents the different approaches proposed for the network technologies. It then compares and contrasts the two solutions and concludes that IP networks are not likely to replace public telephone networks. As the current telephone networks evolve to B-ISDN, the role of IP may change from a layer 2 independent routing protocol to an addressing scheme with embedded routing information, similar to current use of E.164 addresses.","PeriodicalId":257298,"journal":{"name":"1998 1st IEEE International Conference on ATM. ICATM'98","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121973572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-22DOI: 10.1109/ICATM.1998.688191
J. Schmitt, Lior Wolf, C. Siebel, Y.-O. Lorcy, R. Steinmetz
Internet and ATM possess quality of service (QoS) architectures which allow them to integrate services of data and telecommunications formerly performed by separate infrastructures. We believe that none of them will be able to oust the other. That means both will exist for at least the middle-term future. Therefore, an interaction between both is necessary, especially in the field of distributed multimedia applications where both worlds "meet" first. These applications require a certain QoS to perform gracefully. Hence, in particular the interaction between Internet and ATM QoS architectures is important. Interaction approaches for the QoS architectures developed for the Internet and for ATM are discussed. We do not restrict ourselves to common approaches but derive more unconventional models by regarding the possible communication patterns based on different topological variants for heterogeneous IP-ATM networks.
{"title":"Interaction approaches for Internet and ATM quality of service architectures","authors":"J. Schmitt, Lior Wolf, C. Siebel, Y.-O. Lorcy, R. Steinmetz","doi":"10.1109/ICATM.1998.688191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICATM.1998.688191","url":null,"abstract":"Internet and ATM possess quality of service (QoS) architectures which allow them to integrate services of data and telecommunications formerly performed by separate infrastructures. We believe that none of them will be able to oust the other. That means both will exist for at least the middle-term future. Therefore, an interaction between both is necessary, especially in the field of distributed multimedia applications where both worlds \"meet\" first. These applications require a certain QoS to perform gracefully. Hence, in particular the interaction between Internet and ATM QoS architectures is important. Interaction approaches for the QoS architectures developed for the Internet and for ATM are discussed. We do not restrict ourselves to common approaches but derive more unconventional models by regarding the possible communication patterns based on different topological variants for heterogeneous IP-ATM networks.","PeriodicalId":257298,"journal":{"name":"1998 1st IEEE International Conference on ATM. ICATM'98","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123725766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-22DOI: 10.1109/ICATM.1998.688208
L. Freléchoux, D. Dykeman, I. Iliadis, P. Scotton
This paper discusses the location management of mobile resources in ATM networks, with a focus on mobile switches and mobile networks. Two location management schemes are presented. The first one uses location registers to maintain a mapping between permanent addresses of mobile devices and assigned visitor addresses. The effect of mobility is isolated from standard routing, and a two-step routing approach is used to establish a call to a mobile device, leading to a suboptimal routing of connections. The second scheme is a mobility extension of the PNNI routing protocol. It allows mobile switches to change their membership dynamically to peer groups as they change access points. This approach is generalized to mobile logical group nodes, and allows mobile networks to be integrated in the PNNI hierarchy of a fixed network, allowing the optimal routing of connections. Both location management schemes are discussed and compared.
{"title":"Resource location in mobile ATM networks","authors":"L. Freléchoux, D. Dykeman, I. Iliadis, P. Scotton","doi":"10.1109/ICATM.1998.688208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICATM.1998.688208","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the location management of mobile resources in ATM networks, with a focus on mobile switches and mobile networks. Two location management schemes are presented. The first one uses location registers to maintain a mapping between permanent addresses of mobile devices and assigned visitor addresses. The effect of mobility is isolated from standard routing, and a two-step routing approach is used to establish a call to a mobile device, leading to a suboptimal routing of connections. The second scheme is a mobility extension of the PNNI routing protocol. It allows mobile switches to change their membership dynamically to peer groups as they change access points. This approach is generalized to mobile logical group nodes, and allows mobile networks to be integrated in the PNNI hierarchy of a fixed network, allowing the optimal routing of connections. Both location management schemes are discussed and compared.","PeriodicalId":257298,"journal":{"name":"1998 1st IEEE International Conference on ATM. ICATM'98","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126041813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-22DOI: 10.1109/ICATM.1998.688161
K. Ben Younes, W. Franz, B. Girod
This paper describes a new approach for the performance evaluation of wireless ATM protocols where the channel quality is also taken into consideration. One of many aspects which decide the performance of wireless ATM is the medium access control (MAC) protocol which should satisfy the needs of different services. MAC protocols must also cope with the complex radio environment where fading, multipath propagation and interference cause additional limitations of the system performance. We illustrate the use of this new approach for the evaluation of a MAC protocol used in an indoor wireless ATM network.
{"title":"A new approach for combined performance evaluation of wireless ATM at channel and higher protocol levels","authors":"K. Ben Younes, W. Franz, B. Girod","doi":"10.1109/ICATM.1998.688161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICATM.1998.688161","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a new approach for the performance evaluation of wireless ATM protocols where the channel quality is also taken into consideration. One of many aspects which decide the performance of wireless ATM is the medium access control (MAC) protocol which should satisfy the needs of different services. MAC protocols must also cope with the complex radio environment where fading, multipath propagation and interference cause additional limitations of the system performance. We illustrate the use of this new approach for the evaluation of a MAC protocol used in an indoor wireless ATM network.","PeriodicalId":257298,"journal":{"name":"1998 1st IEEE International Conference on ATM. ICATM'98","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114912285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-22DOI: 10.1109/ICATM.1998.688181
Q. Ding, S. Liew
This paper proposes a new parallel control scheme with feedback control (PCFC) for ABR services in ATM networks. The information from a source is split into a number of streams for delivery over separate parallel connections. At the receiver, the original information is reconstructed using the cells received from the parallel connections. Traffic splitting of PCFC achieves two advantages for the network performance: reduction of traffic burstiness and load balancing. By combinations of analysis and simulation, this paper studies how the ABR parameters should be scaled when PCFC is used and the advantages of PCFC compared with other existing schemes.
{"title":"Scaling of ABR parameters using a parallel control scheme in ATM networks","authors":"Q. Ding, S. Liew","doi":"10.1109/ICATM.1998.688181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICATM.1998.688181","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a new parallel control scheme with feedback control (PCFC) for ABR services in ATM networks. The information from a source is split into a number of streams for delivery over separate parallel connections. At the receiver, the original information is reconstructed using the cells received from the parallel connections. Traffic splitting of PCFC achieves two advantages for the network performance: reduction of traffic burstiness and load balancing. By combinations of analysis and simulation, this paper studies how the ABR parameters should be scaled when PCFC is used and the advantages of PCFC compared with other existing schemes.","PeriodicalId":257298,"journal":{"name":"1998 1st IEEE International Conference on ATM. ICATM'98","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122437629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-22DOI: 10.1109/ICATM.1998.688182
T. Randhawa, R. Hardy
Variable bit rate (VBR) video is expected to be dominant in ATM based B-ISDN networks. The characteristics of VBR traffic such as high peak-to-mean bit rate ratio and stochastic variations of bit rate with respect to time, however, make bandwidth allocation quite difficult. Choosing peak rate as a criteria would mean under-utilization of the available network bandwidth, whereas, allocating bandwidth based on mean rate would lead to congestion in the network. The effect of large delay-bandwidth product, in ATM networks, also adds to the complexity and renders conventional reactive based congestion control schemes as highly inefficient. Bandwidth allocation based on the mean rate, aided with a proactive congestion control scheme that could predict the onset of congestion well in advance, is, therefore, the desired solution for managing VBR traffic in ATM networks. One such estimation and prediction based approach to traffic control and congestion avoidance is proposed herein. The traffic from the VBR source(s) is modelled as an AR modulated process. The call arrival is assumed to be a birth-death process. Using these models the current traffic state is estimated, the future traffic states are predicted and the occurrence of congestion in the network is forecasted. Some simulation results are presented to verify the validity of the model and illustrate the effectiveness of the technique.
{"title":"Application of AR based model in proactive management of VBR traffic","authors":"T. Randhawa, R. Hardy","doi":"10.1109/ICATM.1998.688182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICATM.1998.688182","url":null,"abstract":"Variable bit rate (VBR) video is expected to be dominant in ATM based B-ISDN networks. The characteristics of VBR traffic such as high peak-to-mean bit rate ratio and stochastic variations of bit rate with respect to time, however, make bandwidth allocation quite difficult. Choosing peak rate as a criteria would mean under-utilization of the available network bandwidth, whereas, allocating bandwidth based on mean rate would lead to congestion in the network. The effect of large delay-bandwidth product, in ATM networks, also adds to the complexity and renders conventional reactive based congestion control schemes as highly inefficient. Bandwidth allocation based on the mean rate, aided with a proactive congestion control scheme that could predict the onset of congestion well in advance, is, therefore, the desired solution for managing VBR traffic in ATM networks. One such estimation and prediction based approach to traffic control and congestion avoidance is proposed herein. The traffic from the VBR source(s) is modelled as an AR modulated process. The call arrival is assumed to be a birth-death process. Using these models the current traffic state is estimated, the future traffic states are predicted and the occurrence of congestion in the network is forecasted. Some simulation results are presented to verify the validity of the model and illustrate the effectiveness of the technique.","PeriodicalId":257298,"journal":{"name":"1998 1st IEEE International Conference on ATM. ICATM'98","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127170921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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