The detection of a neutrino burst from the next Galactic Core-Collapse SuperNova (CCSN) will yield major breakthroughs in different fields of fundamental physics. The KM3NeT ORCA and ARCA neutrino telescopes in the Mediterranean Sea are expected to observe a significant number of neutrino interactions through the detection of Cherenkov light mostly induced by inverse beta decay processes in sea water. The detection of photons in coincidence between the 31 photomultipliers of KM3NeT digital optical modules (DOMs) allows to discriminate the CCSN signal against radioactive decays, bioluminescence and atmospheric muon backgrounds.The detection sensitivity and the potential to resolve the time profile of the neutrinos have been studied by means of accurate Monte Carlo simulations coupled to in-depth studies of the KM3NeT background features. Online triggering criteria have been determined to send real-time alerts for low-energy CCSN neutrino bursts, and also to meet the requirements for the integration in the SNEWS global alert network. In view of future developments, a preliminary study has been conducted on the determination of the neutrino arrival time and the fast triangulation of the source by different detectors to constrain the CCSN localisation in the sky.
{"title":"Supernova detection and real-time alerts with the KM3NeT neutrino telescopes","authors":"M. Lincetto, M. Colomer-Molla","doi":"10.22323/1.357.0046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22323/1.357.0046","url":null,"abstract":"The detection of a neutrino burst from the next Galactic Core-Collapse SuperNova (CCSN) will yield major breakthroughs in different fields of fundamental physics. The KM3NeT ORCA and ARCA neutrino telescopes in the Mediterranean Sea are expected to observe a significant number of neutrino interactions through the detection of Cherenkov light mostly induced by inverse beta decay processes in sea water. The detection of photons in coincidence between the 31 photomultipliers of KM3NeT digital optical modules (DOMs) allows to discriminate the CCSN signal against radioactive decays, bioluminescence and atmospheric muon backgrounds.The detection sensitivity and the potential to resolve the time profile of the neutrinos have been studied by means of accurate Monte Carlo simulations coupled to in-depth studies of the KM3NeT background features. Online triggering criteria have been determined to send real-time alerts for low-energy CCSN neutrino bursts, and also to meet the requirements for the integration in the SNEWS global alert network. In view of future developments, a preliminary study has been conducted on the determination of the neutrino arrival time and the fast triangulation of the source by different detectors to constrain the CCSN localisation in the sky.","PeriodicalId":257968,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The New Era of Multi-Messenger Astrophysics — PoS(Asterics2019)","volume":"148 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115542132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The year 2017 brought important breakthroughs to the astro-particle community, the firstdetection of an electromagnetic counterpart of the gravitational wave signal from a binaryneutron star merger and the potential correlation between high-energy neutrinos observed by theIceCube telescope and the flaring blazar TXS 0506+056. These observations have opened a newway to probe extreme phenomena in the sky. Combination of these messengers is now possibleand fundamental information can be obtained with these new probes.The ANTARES neutrino telescope has been operating for more than ten years in the Mediter-ranean sea with the purpose of searching for high energy cosmic neutrinos. During the last fewyears the multi-messenger approach has delivered intriguing new results for Cherenkov neutrinodetectors with promising potential for future astrophysical searches. Thus, the ANTARES Col-laboration is actively participating to the follow up of alerts sent by different experiments cover-ing the full electromagnetic spectrum, IceCube and the gravitational-wave interferometers. Thisallows probe the potential neutrino emission from various sources, including fast radio bursts,gamma-ray bursts, binary mergers and blazars. ANTARES also sends alerts that lead to an elec-tromagnetic follow-up of interesting neutrino events. The latest results will be discussed in thefollowing.
{"title":"Multi-messenger searches with the ANTARES and KM3NeT neutrino telescopes","authors":"M. C. Molla","doi":"10.22323/1.357.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22323/1.357.0022","url":null,"abstract":"The year 2017 brought important breakthroughs to the astro-particle community, the firstdetection of an electromagnetic counterpart of the gravitational wave signal from a binaryneutron star merger and the potential correlation between high-energy neutrinos observed by theIceCube telescope and the flaring blazar TXS 0506+056. These observations have opened a newway to probe extreme phenomena in the sky. Combination of these messengers is now possibleand fundamental information can be obtained with these new probes.The ANTARES neutrino telescope has been operating for more than ten years in the Mediter-ranean sea with the purpose of searching for high energy cosmic neutrinos. During the last fewyears the multi-messenger approach has delivered intriguing new results for Cherenkov neutrinodetectors with promising potential for future astrophysical searches. Thus, the ANTARES Col-laboration is actively participating to the follow up of alerts sent by different experiments cover-ing the full electromagnetic spectrum, IceCube and the gravitational-wave interferometers. Thisallows probe the potential neutrino emission from various sources, including fast radio bursts,gamma-ray bursts, binary mergers and blazars. ANTARES also sends alerts that lead to an elec-tromagnetic follow-up of interesting neutrino events. The latest results will be discussed in thefollowing.","PeriodicalId":257968,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The New Era of Multi-Messenger Astrophysics — PoS(Asterics2019)","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124791701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Following the historical observation of GW170817 and its electromagnetic follow-up, new neutron star merger afterglows are expected to be observed as counterparts to gravitational wave signals during the next science runs of the gravitational interferometer network. The diversity of the observed population of afterglows of these future events is subject to various factors, which are (i) intrinsic, such as the energy of the ejecta, (ii) environmental, such as the ambient medium density or (iii) observational, such as the viewing angle and distance of the source. Through prescribing a population of mergers and modelling their afterglows, we study the diversity of those events to be observed jointly in gravitational waves and electromagnetic bands. In the future, observables of detected events such as viewing angle, distance, afterglow peak flux or proper motion will form distributions which together with predictions from our study will provide insight on neutron star mergers and their environments.
{"title":"Neutron Star Merger Afterglows: Population Prospects for the Gravitational Wave Era","authors":"Raphael Duque, R. Mochkovitch, F. Daigne","doi":"10.22323/1.357.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22323/1.357.0025","url":null,"abstract":"Following the historical observation of GW170817 and its electromagnetic follow-up, new neutron star merger afterglows are expected to be observed as counterparts to gravitational wave signals during the next science runs of the gravitational interferometer network. The diversity of the observed population of afterglows of these future events is subject to various factors, which are (i) intrinsic, such as the energy of the ejecta, (ii) environmental, such as the ambient medium density or (iii) observational, such as the viewing angle and distance of the source. Through prescribing a population of mergers and modelling their afterglows, we study the diversity of those events to be observed jointly in gravitational waves and electromagnetic bands. In the future, observables of detected events such as viewing angle, distance, afterglow peak flux or proper motion will form distributions which together with predictions from our study will provide insight on neutron star mergers and their environments.","PeriodicalId":257968,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The New Era of Multi-Messenger Astrophysics — PoS(Asterics2019)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122513559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration actively pursue an open science programme. Gravitational wave strain data are publicly released through the website http://www.gw-openscience.org along with the information and tools necessary to understand and use the data. This contribution will give an overview of past and current activities related to this topic, including the recent release of the Catalog of Compact Binary Mergers (GWTC-1) and will give a sense of its impact on science, teaching and other applications.
{"title":"GWOSC: Gravitational Wave Open Science Center","authors":"A. Trovato","doi":"10.22323/1.357.0082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22323/1.357.0082","url":null,"abstract":"The LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration actively pursue an open science programme. Gravitational wave strain data are publicly released through the website http://www.gw-openscience.org along with the information and tools necessary to understand and use the data. This contribution will give an overview of past and current activities related to this topic, including the recent release of the Catalog of Compact Binary Mergers (GWTC-1) and will give a sense of its impact on science, teaching and other applications.","PeriodicalId":257968,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The New Era of Multi-Messenger Astrophysics — PoS(Asterics2019)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116090836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Genova, M. Allen, C. Boisson, É. Chassande-Mottin, P. Coyle, M. V. Haarlem, A. Lawrence, M. Molinaro, E. Solano, J. Wambsganss, M. Sterzik
Collaboration between European teams to build the astronomical Virtual Observatory has been funded by the European Commission though a series of projects which, between 2001 and 2014, were centred on collaborative work between European teams to develop the Virtual Observatory (VO) interoperability framework. The ASTERICS cluster was a new stage for the European Virtual Observatory: the VO was identified as one possible synergy within the cluster aim “to address cross-cutting synergies and common challenges shared by the Astronomy and Astroparticle ESFRI facilities”. That synergy was addressed by ASTERICS WP4, focused on Data Access, Discovery and Interoperability. The Work Package fully met its aims to build a collaboration between VO teams and the teams from the large ESFRI and ESFRI-like facilities, to support the community in the scientific usage of the VO, and to enable technological development of VO standards and tools customized to the facility needs. The facilities use the VO standards and tools for their own needs, and some of their staff have become actors in the development of the Virtual Observatory.
{"title":"Access, Discovery and Interoperability of Multi-wavelength/multi-messenger Data","authors":"F. Genova, M. Allen, C. Boisson, É. Chassande-Mottin, P. Coyle, M. V. Haarlem, A. Lawrence, M. Molinaro, E. Solano, J. Wambsganss, M. Sterzik","doi":"10.22323/1.357.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22323/1.357.0028","url":null,"abstract":"Collaboration between European teams to build the astronomical Virtual Observatory has been funded by the European Commission though a series of projects which, between 2001 and 2014, were centred on collaborative work between European teams to develop the Virtual Observatory (VO) interoperability framework. The ASTERICS cluster was a new stage for the European Virtual Observatory: the VO was identified as one possible synergy within the cluster aim “to address cross-cutting synergies and common challenges shared by the Astronomy and Astroparticle ESFRI facilities”. That synergy was addressed by ASTERICS WP4, focused on Data Access, Discovery and Interoperability. The Work Package fully met its aims to build a collaboration between VO teams and the teams from the large ESFRI and ESFRI-like facilities, to support the community in the scientific usage of the VO, and to enable technological development of VO standards and tools customized to the facility needs. The facilities use the VO standards and tools for their own needs, and some of their staff have become actors in the development of the Virtual Observatory.","PeriodicalId":257968,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The New Era of Multi-Messenger Astrophysics — PoS(Asterics2019)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123919487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Mandhai, N. Tanvir, G. Lamb, A. Levan, D. Tsang
Following the faint gamma-ray burst, GRB 170817A, coincident with a gravitational wave-detected binary neutron star merger at d ∼ 40 Mpc, we consider the constraints on a local population of faint short duration GRBs (defined here broadly as T 90 < 4 s). We review proposed low-redshift short-GRBs and consider statistical limits on a d ≲ 200 Mpc population using Swift/Burst Alert Telescope (BAT), Fermi/Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM), and Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (CGRO) Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) GRBs. Swift/BAT short-GRBs give an upper limit for the all-sky rate of < 4 y − 1 at d < 200 Mpc, corresponding to < 5% of SGRBs. Cross-correlation of selected CGRO/BATSE and Fermi/GBM GRBs with d < 100 Mpc galaxy positions returns a weaker constraint of ≲ 12 y − 1 . A separate search for correlations due to SGR giant flares in nearby ( d < 11 Mpc) galaxies finds an upper limit of < 3 y − 1 . Our analysis suggests that GRB 170817A-like events are likely to be rare in existing SGRB catalogues. The best candidate for an analogue remains GRB 050906, where the Swift/BAT location was consistent with the galaxy IC 0327 at d ≈ 132 Mpc. If binary neutron star merger rates are at the high end of current estimates, then our results imply that at most a few percent will be accompanied by detectable gamma-ray flashes in the forthcoming LIGO/Virgo science runs.
{"title":"The Rate of Short Duration Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Local Universe","authors":"S. Mandhai, N. Tanvir, G. Lamb, A. Levan, D. Tsang","doi":"10.3390/galaxies6040130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/galaxies6040130","url":null,"abstract":"Following the faint gamma-ray burst, GRB 170817A, coincident with a gravitational wave-detected binary neutron star merger at d ∼ 40 Mpc, we consider the constraints on a local population of faint short duration GRBs (defined here broadly as T 90 < 4 s). We review proposed low-redshift short-GRBs and consider statistical limits on a d ≲ 200 Mpc population using Swift/Burst Alert Telescope (BAT), Fermi/Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM), and Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (CGRO) Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) GRBs. Swift/BAT short-GRBs give an upper limit for the all-sky rate of < 4 y − 1 at d < 200 Mpc, corresponding to < 5% of SGRBs. Cross-correlation of selected CGRO/BATSE and Fermi/GBM GRBs with d < 100 Mpc galaxy positions returns a weaker constraint of ≲ 12 y − 1 . A separate search for correlations due to SGR giant flares in nearby ( d < 11 Mpc) galaxies finds an upper limit of < 3 y − 1 . Our analysis suggests that GRB 170817A-like events are likely to be rare in existing SGRB catalogues. The best candidate for an analogue remains GRB 050906, where the Swift/BAT location was consistent with the galaxy IC 0327 at d ≈ 132 Mpc. If binary neutron star merger rates are at the high end of current estimates, then our results imply that at most a few percent will be accompanied by detectable gamma-ray flashes in the forthcoming LIGO/Virgo science runs.","PeriodicalId":257968,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The New Era of Multi-Messenger Astrophysics — PoS(Asterics2019)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123679579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Howell, K. Ackley, A. Rowlinson, A. Rowlinson, D. Coward
The observational follow-up campaign of the gravitational wave (GW) multimessenger event GW170817/GRB170817A has shown that the prompt gamma-rays are consistent with a relativistic structured jet observed from a wide viewing angle ≳20°. We perform Bayesian inference using the data from early and late EM observations to determine the jet profile of GRB170817A assuming a structured jet model. We use the geometric dependence on the burst luminosity to produce a short-duration gamma-ray burst (sGRB) efficiency function with redshift, which folded in with binary neutron star detection rate, allows us to estimate the future joint GW/sGRB detection rates for LIGO and Virgo detectors. We show that if the jet structured profile of GRB170817A is a relatively common feature of sGRBs, then there is a realistic probability of another off-axis coincident detection during the third aLIGO/Virgo observing run (O3). We also find that up to 4 yr−1 joint events may be observed during the advanced LIGO run at design sensitivity and up to 10 yr−1 by the upgraded advanced LIGO configuration A+. We show that the detection efficiencies for wide-angled sGRB emissions will be limited by GRB satellites as the GW detection range increases through proposed upgrades. Therefore, although the number of coincident detections will increase with GW detector sensitivity, the relative proportion of detected binary neutron stars with gamma-ray counterparts will decrease; 11 per cent for O3 down to 2 per cent during A+.
{"title":"Joint gravitational wave - gamma-ray burst detection rates in the aftermath of GW170817","authors":"E. Howell, K. Ackley, A. Rowlinson, A. Rowlinson, D. Coward","doi":"10.1093/mnras/stz455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz455","url":null,"abstract":"The observational follow-up campaign of the gravitational wave (GW) multimessenger event GW170817/GRB170817A has shown that the prompt gamma-rays are consistent with a relativistic structured jet observed from a wide viewing angle ≳20°. We perform Bayesian inference using the data from early and late EM observations to determine the jet profile of GRB170817A assuming a structured jet model. We use the geometric dependence on the burst luminosity to produce a short-duration gamma-ray burst (sGRB) efficiency function with redshift, which folded in with binary neutron star detection rate, allows us to estimate the future joint GW/sGRB detection rates for LIGO and Virgo detectors. We show that if the jet structured profile of GRB170817A is a relatively common feature of sGRBs, then there is a realistic probability of another off-axis coincident detection during the third aLIGO/Virgo observing run (O3). We also find that up to 4 yr−1 joint events may be observed during the advanced LIGO run at design sensitivity and up to 10 yr−1 by the upgraded advanced LIGO configuration A+. We show that the detection efficiencies for wide-angled sGRB emissions will be limited by GRB satellites as the GW detection range increases through proposed upgrades. Therefore, although the number of coincident detections will increase with GW detector sensitivity, the relative proportion of detected binary neutron stars with gamma-ray counterparts will decrease; 11 per cent for O3 down to 2 per cent during A+.","PeriodicalId":257968,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The New Era of Multi-Messenger Astrophysics — PoS(Asterics2019)","volume":"2019 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128887143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Greco, M. Branchesi, É. Chassande-Mottin, M. Coughlin, G. Stratta, G. Dálya, G. Hemming, L. Rei, E. Brocato, P. Fernique, T. Boch, S. Derriere, Matthieu Baumann, F. Genova, M. Allen
{"title":"Working with Gravitational-Wave sky localizations: new methods and implementations","authors":"G. Greco, M. Branchesi, É. Chassande-Mottin, M. Coughlin, G. Stratta, G. Dálya, G. Hemming, L. Rei, E. Brocato, P. Fernique, T. Boch, S. Derriere, Matthieu Baumann, F. Genova, M. Allen","doi":"10.22323/1.357.0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22323/1.357.0031","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":257968,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The New Era of Multi-Messenger Astrophysics — PoS(Asterics2019)","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114021723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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