Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1109/WCNC55385.2023.10118886
Zhenghe Zhu, Hang Li, Yawen Chen, X. Wen, Zhaoming Lu, Luhan Wang
The intensive deployment of base stations (BSs) in the radio access network (RAN) incurs huge energy consumption and operating overheads. Although the centralized RAN (C-RAN) architecture can significantly relieve the BS overheads by centralizing BS functions, the strict front-haul requirements of C-RAN make it challenging to realize a fully centralized RAN. Recently, the virtualized RAN (V-RAN) architecture has been proposed, allowing flexible function split (FS) and crosshaul to balance the centralization and mid-haul requirements. On the other hand, considering the tidal effect of traffic, sleep some BSs with low loads and migrating their traffic to other BSs is an effective way to further reduce energy consumption. In this paper, we investigate joint BS sleeping and FS orchestration in crosshaul-based V-RAN that jointly optimizes BS working mode, FS, traffic migration, and routing selection. The joint optimization model is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) that minimizes total expenditure, including RAN energy consumption and operating overheads. Considering the complexity of the problem, we propose a heuristic algorithm to solve it in polynomial time. Simulation results validate that our algorithm can save significant expenditure compared to baselines, and the results can reach within 1.13 times the optimum in a relatively short time.
{"title":"Joint Base Station Sleeping and Functional Split Orchestration in Crosshaul-Based V-RAN","authors":"Zhenghe Zhu, Hang Li, Yawen Chen, X. Wen, Zhaoming Lu, Luhan Wang","doi":"10.1109/WCNC55385.2023.10118886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WCNC55385.2023.10118886","url":null,"abstract":"The intensive deployment of base stations (BSs) in the radio access network (RAN) incurs huge energy consumption and operating overheads. Although the centralized RAN (C-RAN) architecture can significantly relieve the BS overheads by centralizing BS functions, the strict front-haul requirements of C-RAN make it challenging to realize a fully centralized RAN. Recently, the virtualized RAN (V-RAN) architecture has been proposed, allowing flexible function split (FS) and crosshaul to balance the centralization and mid-haul requirements. On the other hand, considering the tidal effect of traffic, sleep some BSs with low loads and migrating their traffic to other BSs is an effective way to further reduce energy consumption. In this paper, we investigate joint BS sleeping and FS orchestration in crosshaul-based V-RAN that jointly optimizes BS working mode, FS, traffic migration, and routing selection. The joint optimization model is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) that minimizes total expenditure, including RAN energy consumption and operating overheads. Considering the complexity of the problem, we propose a heuristic algorithm to solve it in polynomial time. Simulation results validate that our algorithm can save significant expenditure compared to baselines, and the results can reach within 1.13 times the optimum in a relatively short time.","PeriodicalId":259116,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114737268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1109/WCNC55385.2023.10118745
Yongbin Gong, J. Yang, Di Miao, Yuzheng Yang, Ziyi Han, Jingrui Li, Bingcheng Zhu, Lanting Fang, Liang Chen
Existing visible light positioning systems suffer from high computational complexity or cannot output rotation estimation results, making it difficult to support indoor navigation. This paper introduces an indoor positioning system with two beacon light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and a photodiode array at the receiver. The photodiode array can estimate the angles of arrival of the light signals from the beacon LEDs, and the user coordinates can be expressed as closed-form functions of the LED coordinates and the measured light directional vectors. We also carry out asymptotic error analysis for the positioning algorithm, and the analytical results reveals important insights for the system design. Simulation results show that the system can achieve centimeter-level accuracy and low average rotation estimation error.
{"title":"An Efficient Visible Light Positioning and Rotation Estimation System Using Two LEDs and a Photodiode Array","authors":"Yongbin Gong, J. Yang, Di Miao, Yuzheng Yang, Ziyi Han, Jingrui Li, Bingcheng Zhu, Lanting Fang, Liang Chen","doi":"10.1109/WCNC55385.2023.10118745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WCNC55385.2023.10118745","url":null,"abstract":"Existing visible light positioning systems suffer from high computational complexity or cannot output rotation estimation results, making it difficult to support indoor navigation. This paper introduces an indoor positioning system with two beacon light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and a photodiode array at the receiver. The photodiode array can estimate the angles of arrival of the light signals from the beacon LEDs, and the user coordinates can be expressed as closed-form functions of the LED coordinates and the measured light directional vectors. We also carry out asymptotic error analysis for the positioning algorithm, and the analytical results reveals important insights for the system design. Simulation results show that the system can achieve centimeter-level accuracy and low average rotation estimation error.","PeriodicalId":259116,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124503076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1109/WCNC55385.2023.10118738
Narendra Vishwakarma, R. Swaminathan
The deployment of intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) in wireless communication systems have recently garnered much attention due to its potential to reduce blockages by providing an alternate propagation path and improving reliability. This paper reports the performance analysis of multiple optical reflecting surfaces (ORSs)-assisted free space optics (FSO) communication. Specifically, the performance is investigated by utilizing the selection of the best ORS from the multiple available ORSs. Firstly, we have derived the exact probability density function (PDF) of the end-to-end maximum instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) among multiple ORSs-aided FSO links. Further, using the above PDF statistics, the outage and average symbol error rate (SER) expressions of the considered multiple ORSs system are derived in closed-form. Additionally, the asymptotic expressions, which are mathematically more tractable, for both outage and average SER are presented with the diversity gain analysis. Finally, numerical results along with Monte-Carlo simulation results are provided to corroborate the derived analytical results.
{"title":"Performance Analysis of Multiple Optical Reflecting Surfaces Assisted FSO Communication","authors":"Narendra Vishwakarma, R. Swaminathan","doi":"10.1109/WCNC55385.2023.10118738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WCNC55385.2023.10118738","url":null,"abstract":"The deployment of intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) in wireless communication systems have recently garnered much attention due to its potential to reduce blockages by providing an alternate propagation path and improving reliability. This paper reports the performance analysis of multiple optical reflecting surfaces (ORSs)-assisted free space optics (FSO) communication. Specifically, the performance is investigated by utilizing the selection of the best ORS from the multiple available ORSs. Firstly, we have derived the exact probability density function (PDF) of the end-to-end maximum instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) among multiple ORSs-aided FSO links. Further, using the above PDF statistics, the outage and average symbol error rate (SER) expressions of the considered multiple ORSs system are derived in closed-form. Additionally, the asymptotic expressions, which are mathematically more tractable, for both outage and average SER are presented with the diversity gain analysis. Finally, numerical results along with Monte-Carlo simulation results are provided to corroborate the derived analytical results.","PeriodicalId":259116,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128090766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1109/WCNC55385.2023.10118649
Ali Masood, M. Alam, Y. Moullec
Device-to-device (D2D) enables direct communication between two-user equipment (UEs) with or without the involvement of a base station (BS). D2D communication is a vital paradigm for designing a reliable public safety network (PSN) and supports several services in the sixth generation (6G) such as target monitoring, emergency search and rescue, etc. This paper presents the measurement campaign to characterize the performance of ProSe direct discovery in terms of connectivity. Furthermore, we implement and analyse two supervised learning models: multiple linear regression (MLR) and multiple non-linear regression (MNLR) using the least squares method to predict the probability of direct discovery in PS out-of-coverage scenarios. Experimental data collected in real-time heterogeneous environments has been used to train both models. The comparative analysis indicates that MNLR model is 6 % more efficient compared to MLR model to predict the discovery probability. The impact of this work is that it is possible to deploy the equipment to build reliable connectivity for efficient D2D networks in out-of-coverage emergency scenarios, and can bring intelligence to the UE level to adopt the optimal parameters to establish a stable D2D link.
{"title":"Experimental Characterization of Connectivity for ProSe Direct Discovery in Emergency Scenarios for 6G","authors":"Ali Masood, M. Alam, Y. Moullec","doi":"10.1109/WCNC55385.2023.10118649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WCNC55385.2023.10118649","url":null,"abstract":"Device-to-device (D2D) enables direct communication between two-user equipment (UEs) with or without the involvement of a base station (BS). D2D communication is a vital paradigm for designing a reliable public safety network (PSN) and supports several services in the sixth generation (6G) such as target monitoring, emergency search and rescue, etc. This paper presents the measurement campaign to characterize the performance of ProSe direct discovery in terms of connectivity. Furthermore, we implement and analyse two supervised learning models: multiple linear regression (MLR) and multiple non-linear regression (MNLR) using the least squares method to predict the probability of direct discovery in PS out-of-coverage scenarios. Experimental data collected in real-time heterogeneous environments has been used to train both models. The comparative analysis indicates that MNLR model is 6 % more efficient compared to MLR model to predict the discovery probability. The impact of this work is that it is possible to deploy the equipment to build reliable connectivity for efficient D2D networks in out-of-coverage emergency scenarios, and can bring intelligence to the UE level to adopt the optimal parameters to establish a stable D2D link.","PeriodicalId":259116,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","volume":"333 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131460129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1109/WCNC55385.2023.10118843
Tobias Hardes, Florian Klingler, C. Sommer
Platooning is a promising application in the field of vehicular networks. It has the potential to improve traffic flow, but also road safety. However, unreliable communication has strong negative effects on platoon stability and, thus, safety on roads. To improve reliability, in this work, we propose using multi-hop communication for platooning using the Decode and Forward (DF) Full-Duplex Relaying (FDR) scheme together with beamforming. We use computer simulations to demonstrate that FDR latency has no observable negative effect on string stability or safety even while performing an emergency brake. We further show that this combined approach reaches a constant Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) of 100 % even in situations with high interference and/or congestion, where traditional approaches fail.
{"title":"Improving Platooning Safety with Full Duplex Relaying and Beamforming","authors":"Tobias Hardes, Florian Klingler, C. Sommer","doi":"10.1109/WCNC55385.2023.10118843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WCNC55385.2023.10118843","url":null,"abstract":"Platooning is a promising application in the field of vehicular networks. It has the potential to improve traffic flow, but also road safety. However, unreliable communication has strong negative effects on platoon stability and, thus, safety on roads. To improve reliability, in this work, we propose using multi-hop communication for platooning using the Decode and Forward (DF) Full-Duplex Relaying (FDR) scheme together with beamforming. We use computer simulations to demonstrate that FDR latency has no observable negative effect on string stability or safety even while performing an emergency brake. We further show that this combined approach reaches a constant Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) of 100 % even in situations with high interference and/or congestion, where traditional approaches fail.","PeriodicalId":259116,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130219379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1109/WCNC55385.2023.10119094
Anne Josiane Kouam, A. C. Viana, A. Tchana
Domain-wide recognized by their high value in human activity and network monitoring studies, cellular network traffic (i.e., Charging Data Records, named CDRs), however, present accessibility and usability issues, restricting their exploitation and research reproducibility. This paper tackles such challenges by modeling CDRs that fulfill real-world data attributes. Our designed framework, named Zen leverages LSTM to realistically model network users’ traffic behavior through a 4-stage generative pipeline. Results show that Zen’s models accurately capture individual and global distributions of a fully anonymized real-world traffic CDRs dataset. Finally, we validate Zen CDRs ability of reproducing daily cellular behaviors of the urban population and its usefulness in practical networking applications such as Radio Access Network’s power savings, and anomaly detection as compared to real-world CDRs.
{"title":"LSTM-based generation of cellular network traffic","authors":"Anne Josiane Kouam, A. C. Viana, A. Tchana","doi":"10.1109/WCNC55385.2023.10119094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WCNC55385.2023.10119094","url":null,"abstract":"Domain-wide recognized by their high value in human activity and network monitoring studies, cellular network traffic (i.e., Charging Data Records, named CDRs), however, present accessibility and usability issues, restricting their exploitation and research reproducibility. This paper tackles such challenges by modeling CDRs that fulfill real-world data attributes. Our designed framework, named Zen leverages LSTM to realistically model network users’ traffic behavior through a 4-stage generative pipeline. Results show that Zen’s models accurately capture individual and global distributions of a fully anonymized real-world traffic CDRs dataset. Finally, we validate Zen CDRs ability of reproducing daily cellular behaviors of the urban population and its usefulness in practical networking applications such as Radio Access Network’s power savings, and anomaly detection as compared to real-world CDRs.","PeriodicalId":259116,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133444996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1109/WCNC55385.2023.10118682
Yuyang Liu, Songlin Sun, Ronghui Zhang
In this paper, we propose a sensing-assisted neighbor discovery algorithm that utilizes the sensing capability of radar to improve the efficiency of neighbor discovery for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). To store and manage the sensing information of radar, we design the sensing neighbor list (SNL) by analogy with the communication neighbor list (CNL). For vehicle mobility, we build a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) state evolution model and use extended Kalman filtering (EKF) to predict, track, and update the kinematic parameters of nodes, which are stored in the SNL. Specifically, the conversion relationship between CNL and SNL is implemented by the designed SNL based neighbor discovery (SBND) algorithm. Numerical simulation results show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is significant in terms of vehicle tracking and communication overhead reduction.
{"title":"Sensing-Assisted Neighbor Discovery for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks","authors":"Yuyang Liu, Songlin Sun, Ronghui Zhang","doi":"10.1109/WCNC55385.2023.10118682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WCNC55385.2023.10118682","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a sensing-assisted neighbor discovery algorithm that utilizes the sensing capability of radar to improve the efficiency of neighbor discovery for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). To store and manage the sensing information of radar, we design the sensing neighbor list (SNL) by analogy with the communication neighbor list (CNL). For vehicle mobility, we build a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) state evolution model and use extended Kalman filtering (EKF) to predict, track, and update the kinematic parameters of nodes, which are stored in the SNL. Specifically, the conversion relationship between CNL and SNL is implemented by the designed SNL based neighbor discovery (SBND) algorithm. Numerical simulation results show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is significant in terms of vehicle tracking and communication overhead reduction.","PeriodicalId":259116,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133447772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1109/WCNC55385.2023.10119122
Luyao Wang, Jia Guo, Jinqi Zhu, Ye Zhu, Yanmin Wei, Jinao Wang, Heying Song, Xiangyang Gong
As High-speed rail becomes a popular way to travel, users have a high demand for streaming services. In High-speed rail scenarios, users move fast and base stations handover frequently. Most of the existing network bandwidth prediction algorithms and bitrate selection algorithms are proposed based on low-speed scenarios. These algorithms are difficult to adapt to high-speed mobile scenarios. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an adaptive streaming media transmission method using edge computing, High-speed rail status and cross-layer information (EHCI) in the 5G network environment. Firstly, a QoE model and a coordinated transmission architecture using edge computing, High-speed rail operation status and cross-layer information are proposed. Secondly, a media transcoding algorithm and rate selection algorithm are proposed. Finally, the simulation experiment is carried out in this paper. Simulation results demonstrate that the method proposed in this paper can well improve the QoE of High-speed rail passengers, and is helpful to the study of the optimized transmission of streaming media in High-speed rail scenarios.
{"title":"Environment-Aware Adaptive Transmission for Adaptive Video Streaming Based on Edge Computing in High-speed rail Scenarios","authors":"Luyao Wang, Jia Guo, Jinqi Zhu, Ye Zhu, Yanmin Wei, Jinao Wang, Heying Song, Xiangyang Gong","doi":"10.1109/WCNC55385.2023.10119122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WCNC55385.2023.10119122","url":null,"abstract":"As High-speed rail becomes a popular way to travel, users have a high demand for streaming services. In High-speed rail scenarios, users move fast and base stations handover frequently. Most of the existing network bandwidth prediction algorithms and bitrate selection algorithms are proposed based on low-speed scenarios. These algorithms are difficult to adapt to high-speed mobile scenarios. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an adaptive streaming media transmission method using edge computing, High-speed rail status and cross-layer information (EHCI) in the 5G network environment. Firstly, a QoE model and a coordinated transmission architecture using edge computing, High-speed rail operation status and cross-layer information are proposed. Secondly, a media transcoding algorithm and rate selection algorithm are proposed. Finally, the simulation experiment is carried out in this paper. Simulation results demonstrate that the method proposed in this paper can well improve the QoE of High-speed rail passengers, and is helpful to the study of the optimized transmission of streaming media in High-speed rail scenarios.","PeriodicalId":259116,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132730649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1109/WCNC55385.2023.10119056
Mohsen Ahadi, F. Kaltenberger
Positioning a user terminal based on cellular signals is an attractive solution in situations where accurate positioning based on global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) is not possible, such as inside buildings. The 5G New Radio (NR) networks based on 3GPP have introduced several enhanced features to allow the accurate positioning of user terminals. Especially Frequency Range 2 (FR2) mmWave setups are attractive for localization because the large bandwidths allow for high-resolution estimation of the Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA) while the beamforming capabilities can be exploited to estimate the Angle of Arrival (AoA) or Angle of Departure (AoD) of the signals.In this work, we propose a new UE-based positioning algorithm that combines the Downlink Time Difference of Arrival (DL-TDoA) and Downlink Angle of Departure (DL-AoD) information estimated from the downlink positioning reference signals (DL-PRS) introduced in 3GPP Rel-16. TDoA is a widely used horizontal positioning technique that does not require tight synchronization between base stations and mobile stations. Moreover, multiple antennas beamforming on base stations leads to high vertical positioning accuracy with AoD. We use ray-tracing-based site-specific channel models to evaluate our joint positioning algorithm’s performance in an Indoor Factory (InF) scenario. The simulation results show sub-meter user localization error which is a significant improvement compared to applying the previous methods separately.
{"title":"5GNR Indoor Positioning By Joint DL-TDoA and DL-AoD","authors":"Mohsen Ahadi, F. Kaltenberger","doi":"10.1109/WCNC55385.2023.10119056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WCNC55385.2023.10119056","url":null,"abstract":"Positioning a user terminal based on cellular signals is an attractive solution in situations where accurate positioning based on global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) is not possible, such as inside buildings. The 5G New Radio (NR) networks based on 3GPP have introduced several enhanced features to allow the accurate positioning of user terminals. Especially Frequency Range 2 (FR2) mmWave setups are attractive for localization because the large bandwidths allow for high-resolution estimation of the Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA) while the beamforming capabilities can be exploited to estimate the Angle of Arrival (AoA) or Angle of Departure (AoD) of the signals.In this work, we propose a new UE-based positioning algorithm that combines the Downlink Time Difference of Arrival (DL-TDoA) and Downlink Angle of Departure (DL-AoD) information estimated from the downlink positioning reference signals (DL-PRS) introduced in 3GPP Rel-16. TDoA is a widely used horizontal positioning technique that does not require tight synchronization between base stations and mobile stations. Moreover, multiple antennas beamforming on base stations leads to high vertical positioning accuracy with AoD. We use ray-tracing-based site-specific channel models to evaluate our joint positioning algorithm’s performance in an Indoor Factory (InF) scenario. The simulation results show sub-meter user localization error which is a significant improvement compared to applying the previous methods separately.","PeriodicalId":259116,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128866038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1109/WCNC55385.2023.10118988
Zhipeng Gao, Lijia Zhang, Yi-Lan Lin, Yue Song, Yang Yang
Blockchain-based Federated learning, called BFL, has attracted widespread attention to construct trust among multiple parties and solve a single point of failure of the central server while protecting privacy. Many researches utilize cluster and cross-chain technologies to improve poor model quality and interoperability between clusters. However, those researches still suffer from 1) high communication overhead when devices of clusters locate far away, and 2) high consensus latency since devices require frequent interactions on consensus. In this paper, we propose a cross-cluster federated learning framework based on state channels, called SCFL, to split devices into multiple clusters according to locations. We also propose a cross-cluster consensus algorithm based on cross-chain and state channels to improve the security and efficiency of off-chain and inter-chain interactions. And we also propose a hierarchical clustering method to make the model adaptable to the partition scenarios where the data is non-IID. Numerical results show that SCFL can effectively solve data sparse problems and improve the system efficiency in non-IID data partitioning cases.
{"title":"SCFL: An Efficient Cross-cluster Federated Learning Framework Based on State Channels","authors":"Zhipeng Gao, Lijia Zhang, Yi-Lan Lin, Yue Song, Yang Yang","doi":"10.1109/WCNC55385.2023.10118988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WCNC55385.2023.10118988","url":null,"abstract":"Blockchain-based Federated learning, called BFL, has attracted widespread attention to construct trust among multiple parties and solve a single point of failure of the central server while protecting privacy. Many researches utilize cluster and cross-chain technologies to improve poor model quality and interoperability between clusters. However, those researches still suffer from 1) high communication overhead when devices of clusters locate far away, and 2) high consensus latency since devices require frequent interactions on consensus. In this paper, we propose a cross-cluster federated learning framework based on state channels, called SCFL, to split devices into multiple clusters according to locations. We also propose a cross-cluster consensus algorithm based on cross-chain and state channels to improve the security and efficiency of off-chain and inter-chain interactions. And we also propose a hierarchical clustering method to make the model adaptable to the partition scenarios where the data is non-IID. Numerical results show that SCFL can effectively solve data sparse problems and improve the system efficiency in non-IID data partitioning cases.","PeriodicalId":259116,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134621727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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