The article describes the findings of a study on the credit programmes designed for the small farmers and landless poor, by some government and non-government organizations. It was found that the programmes under consideration provided employment opportunity to the participants at least for the project period. Housewives also benefited from the programmes since they could utilize their leisure time productively by engaging themselves in income generating activities. However, it was found that many of the loanee-participants could not yet settle permanently with any particular occupation in spite of a number of years of involvement in the project. A good number of loanees still depend on selling labour. The amount of credit provided by most of the organizations was reported to be highly inadequate. Many participants also borrowed from other institutional and non-institutional sources. The main trust of these programmes was found to be augmenting monetary benefits rather than overall development of the participating families.
{"title":"FINANCING THE RURAL POOR IN BANGLADESH: EXPERIENCES OF SOME GOVERNMENT AND NON- GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS","authors":"M. L. Rahman, Md. Ferdous Alam","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.211976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.211976","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the findings of a study on the credit programmes designed for the small farmers and landless poor, by some government and non-government organizations. It was found that the programmes under consideration provided employment opportunity to the participants at least for the project period. Housewives also benefited from the programmes since they could utilize their leisure time productively by engaging themselves in income generating activities. However, it was found that many of the loanee-participants could not yet settle permanently with any particular occupation in spite of a number of years of involvement in the project. A good number of loanees still depend on selling labour. The amount of credit provided by most of the organizations was reported to be highly inadequate. Many participants also borrowed from other institutional and non-institutional sources. The main trust of these programmes was found to be augmenting monetary benefits rather than overall development of the participating families.","PeriodicalId":259792,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Economics","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130699007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper seeks to revalue women's nonmarket work in the context of parts of rural Bangladesh, v} ich is where most of her women folk live. It raises relevant conceptual and methodological considerations relating to revaluation of women's work, reviews various sets of evidence on the pattern of time use of women in Bangladesh, and then puts up a broad order of magnitude as to the value of women's nonmarket work. For this purpose, it taken the sexual division of labour and sexual differential in rates of wages as given. The paper shows that rural women in Bangladesh work as hard, if anything harder, as mm on a daily basis. It also shows the widespread sexual distribution of labour in the sense of involving the influence of social stereotypes in the allocation of tasks between males and females. Finally, it shows that productive work within households consists of market work, typically by men, and a good deal of subsistence work and domestic work performed by women.
{"title":"REVALUATION OF WOMEN'S WORK IN BANGLADESH","authors":"N. Chowdhury","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.208362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.208362","url":null,"abstract":"The paper seeks to revalue women's nonmarket work in the context of parts of rural Bangladesh, v} ich is where most of her women folk live. It raises relevant conceptual and methodological considerations relating to revaluation of women's work, reviews various sets of evidence on the pattern of time use of women in Bangladesh, and then puts up a broad order of magnitude as to the value of women's nonmarket work. For this purpose, it taken the sexual division of labour and sexual differential in rates of wages as given. The paper shows that rural women in Bangladesh work as hard, if anything harder, as mm on a daily basis. It also shows the widespread sexual distribution of labour in the sense of involving the influence of social stereotypes in the allocation of tasks between males and females. Finally, it shows that productive work within households consists of market work, typically by men, and a good deal of subsistence work and domestic work performed by women.","PeriodicalId":259792,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Economics","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124839502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper shows, by using census and various survey data, that there is absolute shortage of draft power in the country. Two important manifestations of shortage are : (1) 40-50 per cent of power animals are female and this proportion has been increasing. (2) the quality of animal is poor and this also has been deteriorating. The paper identified two major causes of increased use of female rather than engine power to meet power shortage. First, the characteristics of prevailing agrarian structure with small-scale fragmented farming, unequal ownership and consequent prevalence of sharecropping inhibit rapid adoption and efficient use of improved farm technology. Second, although draft power shortage has been recognized for a long time, no consistent policy has been pursued to solve the problem. Consequently draft power shortage has contributed, along with many other things, to the slow growth of agricultural production and employment. It is concluded that a clearly defined mechanization policy need to be formulated very urgently. The most immediate objective of such a policy should be to find ways of restoring the social position of the cow as the producer of milk.
{"title":"Draft power shortage and mechanization of tillage in Bangladesh.","authors":"M. Jabbar","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.208741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.208741","url":null,"abstract":"This paper shows, by using census and various survey data, that there is absolute shortage of draft power in the country. Two important manifestations of shortage are : (1) 40-50 per cent of power animals are female and this proportion has been increasing. (2) the quality of animal is poor and this also has been deteriorating. The paper identified two major causes of increased use of female rather than engine power to meet power shortage. First, the characteristics of prevailing agrarian structure with small-scale fragmented farming, unequal ownership and consequent prevalence of sharecropping inhibit rapid adoption and efficient use of improved farm technology. Second, although draft power shortage has been recognized for a long time, no consistent policy has been pursued to solve the problem. Consequently draft power shortage has contributed, along with many other things, to the slow growth of agricultural production and employment. It is concluded that a clearly defined mechanization policy need to be formulated very urgently. The most immediate objective of such a policy should be to find ways of restoring the social position of the cow as the producer of milk.","PeriodicalId":259792,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Economics","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131522923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bangladesh has been suffering from a chronic foodgrain shortage. Consequently she has been importing 1.4 to 2.7 million tons of foodgrain annually, 90 per cent of which is wheat. The cost of foodgrain import consumes about 25 to 35 per cent of available foreign assistance. To make the country self-sufficient in foodgrain production the Bangladesh Government put emphasis on the introduction of high yielding varieties (HYV) of rice. But the record of success of HYV rice has been limited due to technical and socio-economic constraints. Since the inputs and water requirements of HYV wheat are lower than that of HYV rice, this paper made efforts to explore the potential of wheat production keeping in view, however, of the limitations in the long term. It also suggested to direct research activities to develop drought resistant food crops.
{"title":"FOODGRAIN PRODUCTION IN BANGLADESH: THE POTENTIAL FOR WHEAT","authors":"M. Rahman","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.225535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.225535","url":null,"abstract":"Bangladesh has been suffering from a chronic foodgrain shortage. Consequently she has been importing 1.4 to 2.7 million tons of foodgrain annually, 90 per cent of which is wheat. The cost of foodgrain import consumes about 25 to 35 per cent of available foreign assistance. To make the country self-sufficient in foodgrain production the Bangladesh Government put emphasis on the introduction of high yielding varieties (HYV) of rice. But the record of success of HYV rice has been limited due to technical and socio-economic constraints. Since the inputs and water requirements of HYV wheat are lower than that of HYV rice, this paper made efforts to explore the potential of wheat production keeping in view, however, of the limitations in the long term. It also suggested to direct research activities to develop drought resistant food crops.","PeriodicalId":259792,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Economics","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125131154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper is a preliminary study of three problems that Government policy-makers who are concerned with agricultural research at different levels have to face. The first problem is the allocation of funds between agricultural research and other investments that the government could make. The study shows that there has been a high pay-off to a very small investment in agricultural research in Bangladesh, and that some of this pay-off has reached all levels of rural society. The second problem facing officials is how to distribute funds between different institutes and between different commodities. Some relatively simple criteria are suggested which could be used in assisting this decision. Applying one of these criteria indicates that rice, fisheries, and livestock should be receiving more funds. The third problem is how to improve the efficiency of research institutes. It is suggested that scientists and administrators need more incentives to do practical research efficiently and also that there needs to be more contact between researdiers and farmers.
{"title":"THE ECONOMICS OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH IN BANGLADESH","authors":"C. Pray","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.225533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.225533","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is a preliminary study of three problems that Government policy-makers who are concerned with agricultural research at different levels have to face. The first problem is the allocation of funds between agricultural research and other investments that the government could make. The study shows that there has been a high pay-off to a very small investment in agricultural research in Bangladesh, and that some of this pay-off has reached all levels of rural society. The second problem facing officials is how to distribute funds between different institutes and between different commodities. Some relatively simple criteria are suggested which could be used in assisting this decision. Applying one of these criteria indicates that rice, fisheries, and livestock should be receiving more funds. The third problem is how to improve the efficiency of research institutes. It is suggested that scientists and administrators need more incentives to do practical research efficiently and also that there needs to be more contact between researdiers and farmers.","PeriodicalId":259792,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Economics","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115086971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The opportunity cost of food subsidy is high in Bangladesh; subsidy cost exceeded a billion taka mark in 1975-76. Although poverty is more widespread in rural than in urban areas, the country's 9 percent urban population shared 66 percent of the subsidized foodgrains in 1973-74. Levels of the foodgrain consumption of the urban poor would, however, have been lower by 15-24 percent without this subsidy. Rationing or open market sales of foodgrains for the rural landless households involves either a prohibitive cost or a disincentive to producers through low market prices. Input subsidy provides a policy option for resolution of this conflict. Increasing supply of ration foodgrains and/or lowering their prices will generate additional demand for other commodities at a faster rate than foodgrains. Therefore, rationing policies have implications for supply and prices of non-foodgrain commodities. For every dollar's worth of import, wheat offers a smaller disincentive to rice producers and a larger caloric gain to consumers than rice. A significant shift in policy reflecting this fact would require a reevaluation of the opportunity cost of the domestic programme for increasing wheat production.
{"title":"PUBLIC FOODGRAIN DISTRIBUTION AND POVERTY IN BANGLADESH","authors":"R. Ahmed","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.225543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.225543","url":null,"abstract":"The opportunity cost of food subsidy is high in Bangladesh; subsidy cost exceeded a billion taka mark in 1975-76. Although poverty is more widespread in rural than in urban areas, the country's 9 percent urban population shared 66 percent of the subsidized foodgrains in 1973-74. Levels of the foodgrain consumption of the urban poor would, however, have been lower by 15-24 percent without this subsidy. Rationing or open market sales of foodgrains for the rural landless households involves either a prohibitive cost or a disincentive to producers through low market prices. Input subsidy provides a policy option for resolution of this conflict. Increasing supply of ration foodgrains and/or lowering their prices will generate additional demand for other commodities at a faster rate than foodgrains. Therefore, rationing policies have implications for supply and prices of non-foodgrain commodities. For every dollar's worth of import, wheat offers a smaller disincentive to rice producers and a larger caloric gain to consumers than rice. A significant shift in policy reflecting this fact would require a reevaluation of the opportunity cost of the domestic programme for increasing wheat production.","PeriodicalId":259792,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Economics","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116589534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study investigated into the relative profitability and problems of Deep Tube-wells, Shallow Tube-wells and Hand Tube-wells with respect to HYV of boro. It was found that from both private and social point of views, DTW was the most profitable and then came STW and HTW in order, However, when the opportunity cost of labour for operating HTW was considered as zero, the social benefit accrued to the use of HTW was found to be the highest. When full operating cost of labour for HTW was considered, the net return to HTW was found to be negative. The HTW projects were dominated by small/marginal farmers; the STWs were dominated by rich farmers; whereas, the DTWs were used by almost all the categories of farmers: large, medium, and small, Sensitive factors such as yield, price and acreage coverage were tested against the findings. It was observed that acceptability of the project to a cost-benefit ratio of one or I. R. R of 15% would not change until there was a drastic change in those factors. The study identified certain basic problems of the irrigation facilities and came to the conclusion that for the optimal use of the facilities, these problems needed urgent solution.
{"title":"RELATIVE PROFITABILITY OF HYV BORO UNDER DIFFERENT SYSTEMS OF TUBEWELL IRRIGATION IN AN AREA OF BANGLADESH","authors":"W. Jaim, M. M. Rahman","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.225539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.225539","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigated into the relative profitability and problems of Deep Tube-wells, Shallow Tube-wells and Hand Tube-wells with respect to HYV of boro. It was found that from both private and social point of views, DTW was the most profitable and then came STW and HTW in order, However, when the opportunity cost of labour for operating HTW was considered as zero, the social benefit accrued to the use of HTW was found to be the highest. When full operating cost of labour for HTW was considered, the net return to HTW was found to be negative. The HTW projects were dominated by small/marginal farmers; the STWs were dominated by rich farmers; whereas, the DTWs were used by almost all the categories of farmers: large, medium, and small, Sensitive factors such as yield, price and acreage coverage were tested against the findings. It was observed that acceptability of the project to a cost-benefit ratio of one or I. R. R of 15% would not change until there was a drastic change in those factors. The study identified certain basic problems of the irrigation facilities and came to the conclusion that for the optimal use of the facilities, these problems needed urgent solution.","PeriodicalId":259792,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Economics","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132249698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was undertaken in an area of Bangladesh to assess the impact of minor irrigation on different farm sizes and determines the optimum allocation of resources of large and small farmers among different crops in a shallow tubewell (STW) irrigation system. Farm survey method was used to collect data in order to develop linear programming representative farm models. The analysis takes into account crop activities, inputs used, farm size and soil types. Optimal plans show mis-allocation of existing resources and indicated considerable scope for increasing farm income by reallocation of existing resources. The mis-allocation of resources on large farms was greater than on small farms. The analysis suggests that, by reallocating existing resources, large farms can increase farm income and employment more significantly than small farms. The research supports the view that the government should maintain a policy that favours private sector investment and operation of STW irrigation and the extension workers may direct farmers to allocate their resources in better way.
{"title":"AN OPTIMAL CROPPING PLAN FOR FARMERS IN A SHALLOW TUBEWELL IRRIGATED AREA IN BANGLADESH","authors":"F. Sarker, J. Lingard","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.201658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.201658","url":null,"abstract":"This study was undertaken in an area of Bangladesh to assess the impact of minor irrigation on different farm sizes and determines the optimum allocation of resources of large and small farmers among different crops in a shallow tubewell (STW) irrigation system. Farm survey method was used to collect data in order to develop linear programming representative farm models. The analysis takes into account crop activities, inputs used, farm size and soil types. Optimal plans show mis-allocation of existing resources and indicated considerable scope for increasing farm income by reallocation of existing resources. The mis-allocation of resources on large farms was greater than on small farms. The analysis suggests that, by reallocating existing resources, large farms can increase farm income and employment more significantly than small farms. The research supports the view that the government should maintain a policy that favours private sector investment and operation of STW irrigation and the extension workers may direct farmers to allocate their resources in better way.","PeriodicalId":259792,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Economics","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115090973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This present study examines the impact of micro-credit programmes of six government organisations (GO), non-government organisations (NGO) and micro-finance institutes (MFI) on poverty alleviation in Bangladesh using a purposive sample of 406 credit receivers. Alongside respondent’s perceived change in poverty situation this study devised an alternative measure of poverty change based on the change in household wealth and education of a household. Two-level binary logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression analyses suggest that amount of loan, different GO /NGOs/MFIs, satisfaction level, taken loan before and micro-credit as main means of asset change were the determinants of change in poverty situation. Significant community level variation was found in this analysis which indicates that the respondents from different communities with same set of characteristics will exhibit different influences on the change in poverty situation. Further research should be carried out to identify the sources of such variation to optimise the effect of micro-credit.
{"title":"Impact of micro-credit programmes on poverty alleviation in Bangladesh","authors":"M. A. Khatun, Mohammad Amirul Islam, S. Majumder","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.196767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.196767","url":null,"abstract":"This present study examines the impact of micro-credit programmes of six government organisations (GO), non-government organisations (NGO) and micro-finance institutes (MFI) on poverty alleviation in Bangladesh using a purposive sample of 406 credit receivers. Alongside respondent’s perceived change in poverty situation this study devised an alternative measure of poverty change based on the change in household wealth and education of a household. Two-level binary logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression analyses suggest that amount of loan, different GO /NGOs/MFIs, satisfaction level, taken loan before and micro-credit as main means of asset change were the determinants of change in poverty situation. Significant community level variation was found in this analysis which indicates that the respondents from different communities with same set of characteristics will exhibit different influences on the change in poverty situation. Further research should be carried out to identify the sources of such variation to optimise the effect of micro-credit.","PeriodicalId":259792,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130986517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Afia Fahmida, Md. Salauddin Palash, G. Alam, M. Amin
The demand for eco-friendly food is increasing globally, including Bangladesh. This study aimed to examine the environmental consciousness and knowledge-behavior gap of young consumers regarding eco-friendly food purchasing intentions in Bangladesh. Survey data were collected from 200 young university students employing purposive random sampling methods in 2019. The results reveal that most young consumers have strong environmental consciousness and intention to purchase green products. While purchasing, they usually prefer eco-labeled and environment-friendly products. The factors fueling the respondents' environment consciousness-behavior gap include unavailability of eco-friendly products, the high price of available eco-friendly products, and minimum eco-friendly product alternatives to conventional products. Making eco-friendly products available for all and alternatives to regular food commodities will favorably foster the purchasing intention of eco-friendly food in Bangladesh.
{"title":"YOUNG CONSUMERS' ECO-FRIENDLY FOOD PURCHASING CONSCIOUSNESS-BEHAVIOR GAP IN BANGLADESH:","authors":"Afia Fahmida, Md. Salauddin Palash, G. Alam, M. Amin","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.309247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.309247","url":null,"abstract":"The demand for eco-friendly food is increasing globally, including Bangladesh. This study aimed to examine the environmental consciousness and knowledge-behavior gap of young consumers regarding eco-friendly food purchasing intentions in Bangladesh. Survey data were collected from 200 young university students employing purposive random sampling methods in 2019. The results reveal that most young consumers have strong environmental consciousness and intention to purchase green products. While purchasing, they usually prefer eco-labeled and environment-friendly products. The factors fueling the respondents' environment consciousness-behavior gap include unavailability of eco-friendly products, the high price of available eco-friendly products, and minimum eco-friendly product alternatives to conventional products. Making eco-friendly products available for all and alternatives to regular food commodities will favorably foster the purchasing intention of eco-friendly food in Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":259792,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Economics","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127688478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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