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Hope in Personnel Selection 人才选择的希望
Pub Date : 2012-03-01 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2389.2012.00582.x
Leehu Zysberg
This study examined the potential role of hope as a personality trait in performance in personnel selection batteries. We hypothesized that hope would be associated with overall success in the selection process, mediated by coping. One hundred twenty job applicants who went through a full day of individual psychological assessment also filled out measures of hope and coping style. Structural equation modeling analysis provided support for a partial mediation model, with problem‐solving‐oriented coping mediating the association between hope and the psychologists’ general recommendation based on various psychological measures (though hope and coping were not included in the psychologists’ considerations). The model remained significant after controlling for general mental ability, personality, interview, and group simulation measures used in the assessment. The potential implications and limitations of the study are discussed in light of existing research on hope and performance.
本研究考察了希望作为一种人格特质在人员选择中的潜在作用。我们假设希望与选择过程中的整体成功有关,并以应对为中介。120名求职者接受了一整天的个人心理评估,他们还填写了希望和应对方式的测试。结构方程模型分析为部分中介模型提供了支持,以解决问题为导向的应对在希望和心理学家基于各种心理测量的一般建议之间的关联中起中介作用(尽管希望和应对不包括在心理学家的考虑中)。在控制了评估中使用的一般心理能力、个性、访谈和群体模拟措施后,该模型仍然显着。结合现有的希望与绩效研究,讨论了本研究的潜在意义和局限性。
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引用次数: 7
Cognitive Tests Used in Selection Can Have Content Validity as Well as Criterion Validity: A Broader Research Review and Implications for Practice 在选择中使用的认知测试可以有内容效度和标准效度:一个更广泛的研究综述和实践意义
Pub Date : 2012-03-01 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2389.2012.00573.x
F. Schmidt
Many industrial/organizational (I/O) psychologists, both academics and practitioners, believe that the content validity model is not appropriate for cognitive ability measures used in personnel selection. They believe that cognitive tests can have criterion validity and construct validity but not content validity. Based on a review of the broader differential psychology research literature on cognitive skills, aptitudes, and abilities, this article demonstrates that with the proper content validity procedures, cognitive ability measures, including, ultimately, some de facto measures of general cognitive ability, can have content validity in addition to criterion and construct validity. Finally, the article considers, critiques, and refutes the specific arguments contending that content validity is inappropriate for use with cognitive skills and abilities. These research facts have implications for I/O practice, professional standards, and legal defensibility of selection programs.
许多工业/组织(I/O)心理学家,无论是学者还是从业者,都认为内容效度模型不适合用于人员选择的认知能力测量。他们认为认知测验有标准效度和构念效度,但没有内容效度。本文在回顾了有关认知技能、能力倾向和能力的差异心理学研究文献的基础上,论证了在适当的内容效度程序下,认知能力测量,包括一些一般认知能力的事实上的测量,除了标准效度和构念效度之外,还可以具有内容效度。最后,本文考虑、批评和反驳了认为内容效度不适合用于认知技能和能力的具体论点。这些研究事实对I/O实践、专业标准和选择程序的法律可辩护性都有影响。
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引用次数: 35
Rating Level and Accuracy as a Function of Rater Personality 评分者人格对评分水平和准确度的影响
Pub Date : 2009-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2389.2009.00472.x
H. Bernardin, C. Tyler, P. Villanova
We investigated the predictability of rating level and two measures of rating accuracy from rater Agreeableness (A) and Conscientiousness (C) scores of the Five Factor Model. One hundred and twenty-six students made peer ratings after participating in several group exercises under conditions designed to emulate the modal peer rating system in which raters had low accountability for their ratings. Scores were correlated with average rating level (r=.18, p<.05) and both measures of rating accuracy (p<.05) and C scores were correlated with rating level (−.20, p<.05) and both measures of rating accuracy (p<.05). As suggested by Bernardin, Villanova, and Cooke (Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 232–236, 2000), raters who were both more agreeable and less conscientious made the most lenient and least accurate ratings. Contrary to Yun, Donahue, Dudley, and McFarland (International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 13, 97–107, 2005), more agreeable raters also tended to rate the least effective performers more leniently than did other raters.
我们从五因素模型的评分者宜人性(A)和尽责性(C)得分中研究了评分水平的可预测性和评分准确性的两种测量方法。126名学生在参加了几个小组练习后进行了同伴评分,这些小组练习是在模拟模态同伴评分系统的条件下进行的,在模态同伴评分系统中,评分者对他们的评分不负责任。得分与平均评分水平相关(r=。18, p< 0.05),评分准确度(p< 0.05)和C得分均与评分水平相关(−。20, p< 0.05)和两种评定准确度测量(p< 0.05)。正如Bernardin, Villanova和Cooke (Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 232 - 236,2000)所指出的那样,那些既随和又不认真的评分者做出了最宽松和最不准确的评分。与Yun, Donahue, Dudley和McFarland (International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 13, 97-107, 2005)相反,更随和的评分者也倾向于比其他评分者更宽容地评价效率最低的员工。
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引用次数: 40
Assessment Center Dimensions: Individual Differences Correlates and Meta-Analytic Incremental Validity 评估中心维度:个体差异、相关性与元分析增量效度
Pub Date : 2009-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2389.2009.00468.x
S. Dilchert, D. Ones
This study provides an investigation of the nomological net for the seven primary assessment center (AC) dimensions identified by Arthur, Day, McNelly, and Eden (Personnel Psychology, 56, 125–154, 2003). In doing so, the authors provide the first robust estimates of the relationships between all primary AC dimensions with cognitive ability and the Big 5 factors of personality. Additionally, intercorrelations between AC dimensions based on sample sizes much larger than those previously available in the meta-analytic literature are presented. Data were obtained from two large managerial samples (total N=4985). Primary data on AC dimensions, personality, and cognitive ability interrelationships were subsequently integrated with meta-analytic data to estimate incremental validity for optimally and unit-weighted AC dimension composites as well as overall AC ratings over psychometric tests of personality and cognitive ability. Results show that unit- and optimally weighted composites of construct-based AC dimensions add incremental validity over tests of personality and cognitive ability, while overall AC ratings (including those obtained using subjective methods of data combination) do not.
本研究对Arthur、Day、McNelly和Eden (Personnel Psychology, 56, 125-154, 2003)确定的七个主要评估中心(AC)维度的法则网络进行了调查。在此过程中,作者首次提供了对所有主要AC维度与认知能力和人格五大因素之间关系的可靠估计。此外,基于样本量的AC维度之间的相互关系比以前在元分析文献中提供的要大得多。数据来自两个大型管理样本(总N=4985)。随后,将交流维度、人格和认知能力相互关系的原始数据与元分析数据相结合,以估计最佳和单位加权交流维度复合材料的增量效度,以及人格和认知能力心理测试的总体交流评分。结果表明,单位加权和最优加权的基于结构的交流维度复合增加了人格和认知能力测试的增量效度,而整体交流评级(包括使用主观数据组合方法获得的那些)没有。
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引用次数: 63
They Don't Do it Often, But They Do it Well: Exploring the Relationship between Applicant Mental Abilities and Faking 他们不经常做,但他们做得很好:探索申请人心理能力与伪装之间的关系
Pub Date : 2009-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2389.2009.00469.x
J. Levashina, F. Morgeson, M. Campion
Despite its scientific and practical importance, relatively few studies have been conducted to investigate the relationship between job applicant mental abilities and faking. Some studies suggest that more intelligent people fake less because they do not have to. Other studies suggest that more intelligent people fake more because they have increased capacity to fake. Based on a model of faking likelihood, we predicted that job candidates with a high level of mental abilities would be less likely to fake a biodata measure. However, for candidates who did exhibit faking on the biodata measure, we expected there would be a strong positive relationship between mental abilities and faking, because mental abilities increase their capacity to fake. We found considerable support for hypotheses on a large sample of job candidates (N=17,368), using the bogus item technique to detect faking.
尽管它具有科学和实际意义,但相对较少的研究调查了求职者的心理能力和伪装之间的关系。一些研究表明,越聪明的人撒谎越少,因为他们不需要这么做。其他研究表明,越聪明的人说谎越多,因为他们说谎的能力更强。基于造假可能性模型,我们预测,智力水平高的求职者不太可能在生物数据测试中造假。然而,对于那些在生物数据测试中确实表现出造假的候选人,我们预计心理能力和造假之间会有很强的正相关,因为心理能力会增加他们造假的能力。我们在大量的求职者样本(N=17,368)中发现了对假设的相当大的支持,使用伪造项目技术来检测伪造。
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引用次数: 59
To Be, or Not to Be, Linear: An Expanded Representation of Personality and its Relationship to Leadership Performance 做还是不做线性:人格的扩展表征及其与领导绩效的关系
Pub Date : 2007-06-01 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2389.2007.00384.x
M. Benson, J. Campbell
In this study, we tested for a set of complex, nonlinear relationships between derailing/dark side personality composites and leadership performance using two independent samples of managers/leaders (N=1306 and N=290 for Study 1 and 2, respectively). Based on the structure and characteristics of the derailing/dark side trait composites, we expected the relationship between these composites and leadership performance would best be described with an inverted U function. In Study 1, we found evidence of a nonlinear relationship between the derailing composite, as measured by the Global Personality Inventory (copyright), and behaviorally based, structured ratings of leadership performance in an assessment center. Similarly, Study 2 found evidence for a nonlinear relationship between dark side composites, as measured by the Hogan Development Survey (copyright), and supervisory/other ratings of leadership performance. We discuss the implications of these complex, nonlinear findings with respect to the continued use of personality for the selection and promotion of future leaders. Limitations of the current study and directions for future research are noted.
在本研究中,我们使用两个独立的管理者/领导者样本(研究1和研究2分别为N=1306和N=290)来测试脱轨/黑暗面人格复合材料与领导绩效之间的一系列复杂的非线性关系。基于出轨/黑暗面特质复合特质的结构和特征,我们期望这些复合特质与领导绩效之间的关系可以用倒U函数来描述。在研究1中,我们发现了由全球人格量表(版权所有)测量的出轨组合与评估中心基于行为的领导绩效结构化评级之间存在非线性关系的证据。同样,研究2也发现了黑暗面复合材料(由霍根发展调查(Hogan Development Survey,版权所有)衡量)与领导表现的监督/其他评级之间存在非线性关系的证据。我们讨论了这些复杂的、非线性的研究结果对未来领导者的选择和晋升的影响。指出了当前研究的局限性和未来的研究方向。
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引用次数: 116
Toward a New Method of Detecting Deliberately Faked Personality Tests: The Use of Idiosyncratic Item Responses 一种检测故意伪造人格测试的新方法:特质项目反应的使用
Pub Date : 2007-06-01 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2389.2007.00383.x
N. Kuncel, Matthew J. Borneman
This study presents a new method for developing faking detection scales based on idiosyncratic item-response patterns. Two scoring schemes based on this approach strongly differentiated between scores obtained under honest vs directed faking conditions in cross-validation samples (r=(pb).45 and .67). This approach is shown to successfully classify between 20% and 37% of faked personality measures with only a 1% false positive rate in a sample comprised of 56% honest responses. Of equal importance, this method does not result in a scale that meaningfully correlates with personality or cognitive ability tests. This study raises many questions about both the source and generalizabiltiy of the effect. Key directions for future research and improved scale development that may limit or enhance the utility of the idiosyncratic item-response method are discussed.
本研究提出了一种基于特质项目反应模式的虚假检测量表的新方法。在交叉验证样本中,基于这种方法的两种评分方案在诚实和直接伪造条件下获得的分数之间存在显著差异(r=(pb))。45和0.67)。这种方法被证明可以成功地对20%到37%的虚假人格测试进行分类,而在由56%的诚实回答组成的样本中,只有1%的假阳性率。同样重要的是,这种方法不能得出与人格或认知能力测试有意义相关的量表。这项研究提出了许多关于影响的来源和普遍性的问题。讨论了未来研究和改进量表开发的关键方向,这些方向可能限制或增强特质项目反应方法的效用。
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引用次数: 80
Nothing But Net? Corporate Image and Web-Based Testing 除了网络什么都没有?企业形象和网络测试
Pub Date : 2003-06-01 DOI: 10.1111/1468-2389.00238
E. Sinar, D. Reynolds, S. Paquet
The dramatic surge in the use of the Internet for administering employee selection procedures has generated substantial interest in how candidate reactions to these tools influence perceptions of a potential employer. However, it is unlikely that all candidates attend to the same characteristics of Internet-based systems, or that these characteristics influence all candidates in similar ways. In this study involving a cross-organizational applicant sample, we observed strong links between system speed and user-friendliness perceptions, and company image. In addition, our results indicated that these characteristics are more impactful for candidates with less prior Internet experience and potentially, for older candidates as well. We review implications of our findings for organizations pursuing the Internet as an exclusive or primary medium for administering selection tools.
使用互联网管理员工选拔程序的急剧增加,引起了候选人对这些工具的反应如何影响潜在雇主的看法的极大兴趣。然而,不太可能所有候选人都注意到基于互联网的系统的相同特征,或者这些特征以相似的方式影响所有候选人。在这项涉及跨组织申请人样本的研究中,我们观察到系统速度、用户友好度感知和公司形象之间的紧密联系。此外,我们的研究结果表明,这些特征对先前互联网经验较少的候选人更有影响,对年龄较大的候选人也可能有影响。我们回顾了我们的研究结果对将互联网作为管理选择工具的唯一或主要媒介的组织的影响。
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引用次数: 47
Is There a Technology Age Gap? Associations Among Age, Skills, and Employment Outcomes 是否存在技术年龄差距?年龄、技能和就业结果之间的关系
Pub Date : 2003-06-01 DOI: 10.1111/1468-2389.00237
E. Perry, Patricia A. Simpson, Orla M. NicDomhnaill, Deanna M. Siegel
The current study used survey data collected by a top job search web site to explore the extent to which older (50-64 years), middle-aged (40-49 years), and younger (18-39 years) computer programmers reported different levels of human capital (e.g., job tenure) and specialized computer skills (e.g., number of programming languages). In addition, we explored the effect of age on annual salary and job benefits controlling for both traditional human capital factors and specialized computer skills. Although older computer programmers reported higher levels of most human capital factors, there were no differences in the ten specialized computer skills as a function of age. Results also indicated that age was negatively associated with both annual salary and job benefits levels even when human capital factors and specialized computer skills were statistically controlled. However, the variance accounted for by age was quite small.
目前的研究使用了一家顶级求职网站收集的调查数据,以探索老年(50-64岁)、中年(40-49岁)和年轻(18-39岁)计算机程序员在人力资本(如工作任期)和专业计算机技能(如编程语言数量)方面的不同程度。此外,我们还探讨了年龄对传统人力资本因素和专业计算机技能对年薪和工作福利的影响。尽管年龄较大的计算机程序员报告的大多数人力资本因素水平较高,但在10种专业计算机技能上,没有年龄的差异。结果还表明,即使在统计上控制了人力资本因素和专业计算机技能的情况下,年龄与年薪和工作福利水平都呈负相关。然而,年龄的差异是相当小的。
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引用次数: 15
The Use of Technologies in the Recruiting, Screening, and Selection Processes for Job Candidates 技术在招聘、筛选和选择工作候选人过程中的应用
Pub Date : 2003-06-01 DOI: 10.1111/1468-2389.00234
Derek Chapman, J. Webster
The results of a survey are presented which examined technology use in recruiting and selection in order to determine (a) what technologies are being used in HR, (b) HR managers' goals for using these technologies, (c) the extent to which these goals are being met, and (d) what organizational factors (e.g., organizational image) lead to adopting these technologies. We conclude that the use of HR technologies is in a state of flux with most organizations continuing to use a mix of traditional and technology-based HR methods. Furthermore, technology-based solutions are not necessarily a panacea for HR managers: nearly a third reported that their attempts to use HR technology have resulted in limited or moderate success.
本文提出了一项调查的结果,该调查检查了技术在招聘和选择中的使用情况,以确定(a)人力资源正在使用哪些技术,(b)人力资源经理使用这些技术的目标,(c)这些目标得到满足的程度,以及(d)哪些组织因素(例如组织形象)导致采用这些技术。我们得出结论,人力资源技术的使用处于不断变化的状态,大多数组织继续使用传统和基于技术的人力资源方法的混合。此外,基于技术的解决方案并不一定是人力资源经理的万灵药:近三分之一的人报告说,他们尝试使用人力资源技术的结果是有限的或适度的成功。
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引用次数: 287
期刊
Wiley-Blackwell: International Journal of Selection & Assessment
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