This chapter builds on some of the health issues presented in chapter 1. It commences with a consideration of some of the early beliefs in the benefits of exercise and then progresses to introduce some of the ground-breaking scientific research that initiated the accumulation of hard evidence in support of the association between physical activity and health. It also introduces the rationale for intervention studies that can determine the health benefits from the participation in exercise, and how these have contributed to the current recommendations by health and medical authorities. It then raises some of the current research questions and the need for ongoing research, as we have yet to identify how best to optimise exercise prescription for each individual and to fully understand how such physical activity interacts with other factors that impact upon health, such as nutrition and sedentary behaviour.
{"title":"The historical and current context for research into health and physical activity","authors":"S. Bird, D. Broom","doi":"10.4324/9781315158501-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315158501-2","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter builds on some of the health issues presented in chapter 1. It commences with a consideration of some of the early beliefs in the benefits of exercise and then progresses to introduce some of the ground-breaking scientific research that initiated the accumulation of hard evidence in support of the association between physical activity and health. It also introduces the rationale for intervention studies that can determine the health benefits from the participation in exercise, and how these have contributed to the current recommendations by health and medical authorities. It then raises some of the current research questions and the need for ongoing research, as we have yet to identify how best to optimise exercise prescription for each individual and to fully understand how such physical activity interacts with other factors that impact upon health, such as nutrition and sedentary behaviour.","PeriodicalId":260223,"journal":{"name":"Research Methods in Physical Activity and Health","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131365151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ethical issues in health and physical activity research","authors":"V. Cox","doi":"10.4324/9781315158501-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315158501-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":260223,"journal":{"name":"Research Methods in Physical Activity and Health","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127521059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-07DOI: 10.4324/9781315158501-11
P. Hurst, Stephen R. Bird
A survey is a research tool that gathers information from a relatively large sample of people to help provide inferences about a wider population. To ensure data gathered from this type of research are reliable and of quality, researchers are required to ensure that systematic and thoughtful planning is given to the design, delivery and reporting of the survey. While there is no universal standard for best practice, there are certain steps that should be followed when sampling, designing and reporting the results. This chapter introduces the reader to survey research and offers guidance on the design of a survey, the sampling and recruitment process and the ethical considerations. The chapter also briefly describes how researchers can best report their results in health and physical activity research.
{"title":"Notes and tips on surveys","authors":"P. Hurst, Stephen R. Bird","doi":"10.4324/9781315158501-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315158501-11","url":null,"abstract":"A survey is a research tool that gathers information from a relatively large sample of people to help provide inferences about a wider population. To ensure data gathered from this type of research are reliable and of quality, researchers are required to ensure that systematic and thoughtful planning is given to the design, delivery and reporting of the survey. While there is no universal standard for best practice, there are certain steps that should be followed when sampling, designing and reporting the results. This chapter introduces the reader to survey research and offers guidance on the design of a survey, the sampling and recruitment process and the ethical considerations. The chapter also briefly describes how researchers can best report their results in health and physical activity research.","PeriodicalId":260223,"journal":{"name":"Research Methods in Physical Activity and Health","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122713271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-07DOI: 10.4324/9781315158501-24
Aunty Kerrie Doyle, Elizabeth L Pressick
{"title":"Working with Indigenous and other cultural groups","authors":"Aunty Kerrie Doyle, Elizabeth L Pressick","doi":"10.4324/9781315158501-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315158501-24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":260223,"journal":{"name":"Research Methods in Physical Activity and Health","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125959903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-07DOI: 10.4324/9781315158501-21
Andy Smith, Nathalie Noret
{"title":"Studying the risks of exercise and its negative impacts","authors":"Andy Smith, Nathalie Noret","doi":"10.4324/9781315158501-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315158501-21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":260223,"journal":{"name":"Research Methods in Physical Activity and Health","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131622108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-07DOI: 10.4324/9781315158501-26
B. Lynch, L. Hackshaw-McGeagh, J. Sacre
{"title":"Conducting physical activity research within chronic disease populations","authors":"B. Lynch, L. Hackshaw-McGeagh, J. Sacre","doi":"10.4324/9781315158501-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315158501-26","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":260223,"journal":{"name":"Research Methods in Physical Activity and Health","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132583930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-07DOI: 10.4324/9781315158501-25
D. Kendrick
{"title":"Research methods in physical activity and health","authors":"D. Kendrick","doi":"10.4324/9781315158501-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315158501-25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":260223,"journal":{"name":"Research Methods in Physical Activity and Health","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130688890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-07DOI: 10.4324/9781315158501-28
C. Leicht, B. Mason, J. Scheer
{"title":"Research studies in populations with physical disabilities","authors":"C. Leicht, B. Mason, J. Scheer","doi":"10.4324/9781315158501-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315158501-28","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":260223,"journal":{"name":"Research Methods in Physical Activity and Health","volume":"131 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122415183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-07DOI: 10.4324/9781315158501-16
D. Coleman, J. Wiles
Defining Quality A typical Phase III clinical trial enrolls, on average, 400 patients – each having 100 or more Case Report Forms (CRFs), which in turn contain approximately 15 data fields each. In short, this represents at least 600,000 opportunities to make an error! The objective of data quality is to ensure that the database of clinical information, from which statisticians reach critical decisions, accurately reflects investigators’ observations, measurements and laboratory test results.
{"title":"Ensuring quality data","authors":"D. Coleman, J. Wiles","doi":"10.4324/9781315158501-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315158501-16","url":null,"abstract":"Defining Quality A typical Phase III clinical trial enrolls, on average, 400 patients – each having 100 or more Case Report Forms (CRFs), which in turn contain approximately 15 data fields each. In short, this represents at least 600,000 opportunities to make an error! The objective of data quality is to ensure that the database of clinical information, from which statisticians reach critical decisions, accurately reflects investigators’ observations, measurements and laboratory test results.","PeriodicalId":260223,"journal":{"name":"Research Methods in Physical Activity and Health","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123845332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-07DOI: 10.4324/9781315158501-20
P. Ekkekakis, Matthew A. Ladwig, Mark E. Hartman
{"title":"Physical activity and the ‘feel-good’ effect","authors":"P. Ekkekakis, Matthew A. Ladwig, Mark E. Hartman","doi":"10.4324/9781315158501-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315158501-20","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":260223,"journal":{"name":"Research Methods in Physical Activity and Health","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126739172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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