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2023 9th International Workshop on Advances in Sensors and Interfaces (IWASI)最新文献

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Improving latency performance trade-off in keyword spotting applications at the edge 改善边缘关键字定位应用程序的延迟性能权衡
Pub Date : 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.1109/IWASI58316.2023.10164328
F. Paissan, Anisha Mohamed Sahabdeen, Alberto Ancilotto, Elisabetta Farella
Keyword Spotting (KWS) is handy in many innovative ambient intelligence applications, such as smart cities and home automation. While solving KWS on GP/GPUs has become a trivial task in recent years, many benefits arise when KWS applications run at the edge (e.g., privacy by design and infrastructure sustainability), where resources are limited. Hardware-aware scaling (HAS) is a novel paradigm that brings neural architectures to low-resource platforms. With HAS, it is possible to optimize neural architectures to fit on embedded platforms (e.g., microcontrollers) while maximizing the performance-complexity tradeoff and the performance-latency tradeoff. This paper shows how HAS, coupled with a neural network with appropriate scaling capabilities, can outperform architectures designed with neural architecture search techniques, such as MCUNet. Our method achieves 94.5% accuracy when classifying the 35 keywords in Google Speech Commands v2, with only 70 ms of latency and overall power consumption of less than 10 mJ.
关键字定位(KWS)在许多创新的环境智能应用中都很方便,例如智能城市和家庭自动化。虽然近年来在GP/ gpu上解决KWS问题已经成为一项微不足道的任务,但当KWS应用程序在资源有限的边缘运行时(例如,设计隐私和基础设施可持续性)会产生许多好处。硬件感知扩展(HAS)是一种将神经架构引入低资源平台的新范式。使用HAS,可以优化神经架构以适应嵌入式平台(例如微控制器),同时最大化性能复杂性权衡和性能延迟权衡。本文展示了如何将HAS与具有适当扩展能力的神经网络相结合,从而优于使用神经架构搜索技术(如MCUNet)设计的架构。我们的方法在对Google Speech Commands v2中的35个关键词进行分类时,准确率达到94.5%,延迟仅为70 ms,总功耗小于10 mJ。
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引用次数: 1
Automatic tool for real-time estimation of QFN-related heat transfer in multi-layer PCB by using SPICE simulations 基于SPICE仿真的多层PCB中qfn相关传热的实时自动估计工具
Pub Date : 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.1109/IWASI58316.2023.10164511
G. Mezzina, Alberto Fakhri Brunetti, C. L. Saragaglia, G. Matarrese, D. Venuto
Power hungry electronic components such as CPU, GPUs as well as voltage regulators heat up during operation. Several sensing applications require ambient air temperature and humidity measurements. Nevertheless, ambient air temperature and humidity measures with a surface mounting technology devices is challenging due to the thermal influence of nearby components. In this context, thermal design of Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) becomes a critical step to ensure the reliability of electronic systems and to preserve those components that are vulnerable to heat-accelerated failure mechanisms. Although PCB thermal analysis increasingly relies on software embedding complex but accurate fluid dynamics or finite elements solvers, simulation times during the design phase result very long and are not suitable for rapid prototyping processes. To bridge this gap, this paper proposes an automatic tool for the rapid simulation of heat transfer pathways inside a PCB when quad-flat no-lead (QFN) packages are employed. The proposed tool exploits a resistive networks-based model able to adapt to the metal/dielectric/soldermask composition of the analyzed area. It is made possible by integrating image processing algorithms to identify thermal connections between the analyzed elements, allowing a multi-layer reconstruction even with irregularly shaped metal areas. The proposed tool has been tested on a PCB and the results compared with the ones from professional software for FEM thermal analysis. The proposed modeling system can ensure optimal accuracy on the chip area (error compared to $mathrm{F E M}lt 1^{circ} mathrm{C}$), and within areas of 9 $mathrm{cm}^{2}$, resulting $sim 91$ times faster than the equivalent FEM in estimating heating trend on the same board.
耗电的电子元件,如CPU、gpu以及电压调节器在运行过程中会发热。一些传感应用需要测量环境空气温度和湿度。然而,由于附近组件的热影响,使用表面安装技术设备测量环境空气温度和湿度具有挑战性。在这种情况下,印刷电路板(PCB)的热设计成为确保电子系统可靠性和保护那些易受热加速失效机制影响的元件的关键步骤。虽然PCB热分析越来越依赖于软件嵌入复杂但精确的流体动力学或有限元求解器,但在设计阶段的模拟时间很长,不适合快速原型制作过程。为了弥补这一差距,本文提出了一种自动工具,用于在采用四平面无引线(QFN)封装时快速模拟PCB内的传热路径。该工具利用了一种基于电阻网络的模型,能够适应分析区域的金属/电介质/焊膜成分。通过集成图像处理算法来识别分析元素之间的热连接,即使是不规则形状的金属区域也可以进行多层重建。该工具已在PCB板上进行了测试,并与专业有限元热分析软件的结果进行了比较。所提出的建模系统可以在芯片面积(误差与$ mathm {F EM}lt 1^{circ} mathm {C}$相比)和$ $ mathm {cm}^{2}$区域内确保最佳精度,从而使$sim在估计同一电路板上的加热趋势时比等效FEM快91$ $。
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引用次数: 0
Session 8: Edge computing and neural networks 第八场:边缘计算和神经网络
Pub Date : 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.1109/iwasi58316.2023.10164291
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引用次数: 0
Design and Evaluation of a LoRa Controlled Rugged Multisensor Unit for Induced Rockfall Experiments 一种LoRa控制的多传感器感应落石试验装置的设计与评价
Pub Date : 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.1109/IWASI58316.2023.10164375
Philipp Mayer, Rabea Rogge, A. Caviezel, J. Munch, A. Ringenbach, M. Magno, L. Benini
Climate change accelerates the thaw of permafrost and amplifies precipitation and temperature variations. As a result, rockfalls and landslides might become increasingly severe and frequent hazards in mountainous regions. Simulation tools allow the assessment of the increased risks and the planning of adequate mitigation strategies, but they need to be trained and calibrated on real-world data. This paper presents the design of a tailor-made data logger addressing the sensing requirements in induced rockfall experiments. The robust design aims at data collection at up to 1 kHz and allows the trajectory reconstruction based on the output data of various micromechanical systems sensors (accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer, barometer). Its integrated LoRaWAN-based wireless interface ensures user-friendly configuration and provides real-time sensor telemetry at up to 980 bit/s.
气候变化加速了永久冻土的融化,并放大了降水和温度变化。因此,山崩和山体滑坡可能会成为山区日益严重和频繁的灾害。模拟工具可以评估增加的风险并规划适当的缓解战略,但需要根据实际数据对它们进行培训和校准。本文介绍了一种专门设计的数据记录仪,以满足感应岩崩实验中的传感要求。稳健的设计旨在收集高达1khz的数据,并允许基于各种微机械系统传感器(加速度计,陀螺仪,磁力计,气压计)的输出数据进行轨迹重建。其集成的基于lorawan的无线接口确保用户友好的配置,并提供高达980比特/秒的实时传感器遥测。
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引用次数: 2
A LoRa-based Energy-efficient Sensing System for Urban Data Collection 基于lora的城市数据采集节能传感系统
Pub Date : 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.1109/IWASI58316.2023.10164426
Lukas Schulthess, Tiago Salzmann, Christian Vogt, M. Magno
Nowadays, cities provide much more than shopping opportunities or working spaces. Individual locations such as parks and squares are used as meeting points and local recreation areas by many people. To ensure that they remain attractive in the future, the design of such squares must be regularly adapted to the needs of the public. These utilization trends can be derived using public data collection. The more diverse and rich the data sets are, the easier it is to optimize public space design through data analysis. Traditional data collection methods such as questionnaires, observations, or videos are either labor intensive or cannot guarantee to preserve the individual’s privacy.This work presents a privacy-preserving, low-power, and low-cost smart sensing system that is capable of anonymously collecting data about public space utilization by analyzing the occupancy distribution of public seating. To support future urban planning the sensor nodes are capable of monitoring environmental noise, chair utilization, and their position, temperature, and humidity and provide them over a city-wide Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN). The final sensing system’s robust operation is proven in a trial run at two public squares in a city with 16 sensor nodes over a duration of two months. By consuming 33.65 mWh per day with all subsystems enabled, including sitting detection based on a continuous acceleration measurement operating on a robust and simple threshold algorithm, the custom-designed sensor node achieves continuous monitoring during the 2-month trial run. The evaluation of the experimental results clearly shows how the two locations are used, which confirms the practicability of the proposed solution. All data collected during the field trial is publicly available as open data.
如今,城市提供的不仅仅是购物机会或工作空间。公园和广场等单独的地点被许多人用作聚会地点和当地的娱乐场所。为了确保它们在未来保持吸引力,这些广场的设计必须定期适应公众的需求。这些利用趋势可以通过公共数据收集得到。数据集越多样、越丰富,就越容易通过数据分析优化公共空间设计。传统的数据收集方法,如问卷调查、观察或视频,要么是劳动密集型的,要么不能保证保护个人隐私。这项工作提出了一种保护隐私、低功耗、低成本的智能传感系统,该系统能够通过分析公共座位的占用分布来匿名收集公共空间利用数据。为了支持未来的城市规划,传感器节点能够监测环境噪音、椅子利用率、位置、温度和湿度,并通过城市范围的远程广域网(LoRaWAN)提供这些数据。在两个月的时间里,在一个有16个传感器节点的城市的两个公共广场进行了试验,最终的传感系统的鲁棒性得到了证明。在启用所有子系统的情况下,每天消耗33.65兆瓦时,包括基于连续加速度测量的坐姿检测,该检测基于鲁棒且简单的阈值算法,定制设计的传感器节点在两个月的试运行期间实现了连续监测。实验结果的评价清楚地显示了两个位置的使用情况,证实了所提出的解决方案的实用性。在现场试验期间收集的所有数据都作为开放数据公开提供。
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引用次数: 2
Image analysis algorithm for the Anterior Chamber Angle Closure estimation and Van Herick classification 图像分析算法的前房角关闭估计和Van Herick分类
Pub Date : 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.1109/IWASI58316.2023.10164450
Davide Cassanelli, G. Gibertoni, M. Ferrazza, F. Tramarin, L. Tanga, L. Quaranta, F. Oddone, L. Rovati
Screening activity is essential for the prevention of diseases such as glaucoma. Concerning primary angle closure glaucoma, the anterior chamber angle can be monitored to evaluate the disease’s progress. Van Herick technique is a non-invasive qualitative approach for estimating the angle aperture. In our previous papers, we presented an automatic instrument able to perform the Van Herick procedure and an Artificial Intelligence approach for estimating the angle aperture. In this work, we propose a deterministic and quantitative vision-based algorithm for the evaluation of the Anterior Chamber Angle aperture. The proposed algorithm allows the estimation of the Van Herick grade from 1 to 4 by computing the ratio value between the Anterior Chamber Depth and the Corneal Thickness. The algorithm is evaluated on an image dataset acquired from patients and classified by expert ophthalmologists. The results show an agreement between clinical classification and the algorithm estimation higher than 65 %, which reaches 100 % for grades 4. Moreover, the algorithm provides the numeric value of the ratio between Anterior Chamber Depth and Corneal Thickness, which can be used as new quantitative information about the angle closure.
筛查活动对于预防青光眼等疾病至关重要。对于原发性闭角型青光眼,可以监测前房角来评估病情进展。Van Herick技术是一种非侵入性的角度孔径定性估计方法。在我们之前的论文中,我们提出了一种能够执行Van Herick过程的自动仪器和一种用于估计角孔径的人工智能方法。在这项工作中,我们提出了一种基于确定性和定量视觉的前房角孔径评估算法。该算法可以通过计算前房深度与角膜厚度之间的比值值来估计Van Herick等级从1到4。该算法在获得的患者图像数据集上进行评估,并由眼科专家进行分类。结果表明,临床分类与算法估计的一致性高于65%,其中4级达到100%。此外,该算法还提供了前房深度与角膜厚度之比的数值,可作为角闭合的新的定量信息。
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引用次数: 0
A Fully Differential All-pass Filter in 250nm BiCMOS Technology for Phase Shift Regulation in Dielectrophoresis Applications 250nm BiCMOS技术的全差分全通滤波器,用于介质电泳的相移调节
Pub Date : 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.1109/IWASI58316.2023.10164547
Niklas P. Boldt, Malte Schmidt, R. Thewes
A fully differential all-pass filter is designed in 250 nm BiCMOS technology with an over three decades tunable corner frequency from 50 kHz to 50 MHz. The filter provides a coarse tuning section by switching a capacitive network. Fine tuning is realized by adjusting the bias current of two operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) in the signal path. The overall SNDR is between 44 dB to 58 dB depending on the operational mode. Power consumption does not exceed 11.68 mW.
全差分全通滤波器采用250nm BiCMOS技术设计,具有50 kHz至50 MHz的三十年可调转角频率。该滤波器通过切换电容网络提供粗调谐部分。通过调整信号通路中两个操作跨导放大器(OTAs)的偏置电流实现微调。根据工作模式的不同,总体SNDR在44 dB到58 dB之间。功耗不超过11.68 mW。
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引用次数: 0
Addressable Monolithic InSb on GaAs Focal Plane Arrays for MWIR Imaging 基于GaAs焦平面阵列的可寻址单片InSb用于MWIR成像
Pub Date : 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.1109/IWASI58316.2023.10164484
D. Cumming, V. Pusino
Mid-wave infrared sensing and imaging is of growing importance for the detection of environmental greenhouse gases such as CO2 and CH4. The ability to survey large infrastructure in addition to making single point measurements will bring many advantages to industrial asset management in particular. Existing technology for MWIR imaging relies on costly flip chipped technology and cryogenic cooling. We have investigated a monolithic integrated technology that can be made in a traditional planar process and operates at room temperature. By growing III-V wafers with a GaAs transistor layer and an InSb photodetection layer we are able to eliminate the need for a two-chip solution and the complex fabrication steps traditionally required. We present the method for making monolithic sensors and preliminary results demonstrating the imaging and gas sensing capabilities of the new technology.
中波红外传感与成像在CO2和CH4等环境温室气体的检测中具有越来越重要的意义。除了进行单点测量外,对大型基础设施进行调查的能力将为工业资产管理带来许多优势。现有的MWIR成像技术依赖于昂贵的倒装芯片技术和低温冷却。我们研究了一种单片集成技术,可以在传统的平面工艺中制造,并在室温下工作。通过生长具有GaAs晶体管层和InSb光探测层的III-V晶圆,我们能够消除对双芯片解决方案的需求以及传统上所需的复杂制造步骤。我们提出了制作单片传感器的方法和初步结果,证明了新技术的成像和气体传感能力。
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引用次数: 0
Validating Vehicular Localization Indoor using UWB: Challenges and Solutions 使用超宽带验证室内车辆定位:挑战和解决方案
Pub Date : 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.1109/IWASI58316.2023.10164563
E. Leoni, Anas Osman, A. Steccanella, Pierpaolo Gonnella, Marco Darin, A. Murphy, Elisabetta Farella
Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) expands the capabilities of vehicles with innovative applications. Localization plays a crucial role in V2X, with measurement accuracy as a fundamental property. Demonstrating this accuracy, however, is not straightforward, especially in indoor environments. Indeed, the inability to use global navigation satellite systems (e.g., GPS) indoor requires exploring alternate technologies. In this work, we present a reliable and accurate validation methodology to demonstrate the performance of V2X localization. An Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) localization technology is at the core of our validation infrastructure. Built around this is a complete system that supports data collection from multiple localization systems, ensures time synchronization across data samples, and provides a comprehensive analysis pipeline. We demonstrate this validation system in both outdoor and indoor environments. Our approach overcomes the challenges of indoor vehicular localization and provides a reliable and accurate way to evaluate the performance of V2X localization systems.
车联网(V2X)通过创新应用扩展了车辆的功能。定位在V2X中起着至关重要的作用,测量精度是其基本属性。然而,要证明这种准确性并不容易,尤其是在室内环境中。事实上,由于无法在室内使用全球卫星导航系统(例如GPS),需要探索替代技术。在这项工作中,我们提出了一种可靠而准确的验证方法来证明V2X定位的性能。超宽带(UWB)定位技术是我们验证基础设施的核心。围绕这一点构建的是一个完整的系统,它支持从多个本地化系统收集数据,确保数据样本的时间同步,并提供一个全面的分析管道。我们在室外和室内环境中演示了该验证系统。我们的方法克服了室内车辆定位的挑战,为评估V2X定位系统的性能提供了一种可靠而准确的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Session 5: Sensors interfaces and sensor networks 第五部分:传感器接口和传感器网络
Pub Date : 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.1109/iwasi58316.2023.10164314
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引用次数: 0
期刊
2023 9th International Workshop on Advances in Sensors and Interfaces (IWASI)
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