Pub Date : 2023-06-08DOI: 10.1109/IWASI58316.2023.10164601
M. Scarsella, G. Barile, V. Stornelli, G. Ferri
In this paper, a novel configuration of a sinusoidal variable frequency oscillator is presented. The circuit employs a single second-generation voltage conveyor as active element, so enjoys all the advantages of the current-mode approach. The circuit can be designed to have its oscillation condition independent of the value of one of its capacitances in a certain range. Due to this extremely attractive property, the circuit may be used as an electronic interface for capacitive sensors. A theoretical treatment of the circuit is provided to demonstrate its feasibility and to show the design process. Finally, both simulated and experimental result using off-the-shelf components are provided to validate the theoretical treatment and investigate the circuit performance as a capacitive sensor interface.
{"title":"A VCII-based RC Sinusoidal VFO as Capacitive Sensor Interfaces","authors":"M. Scarsella, G. Barile, V. Stornelli, G. Ferri","doi":"10.1109/IWASI58316.2023.10164601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWASI58316.2023.10164601","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a novel configuration of a sinusoidal variable frequency oscillator is presented. The circuit employs a single second-generation voltage conveyor as active element, so enjoys all the advantages of the current-mode approach. The circuit can be designed to have its oscillation condition independent of the value of one of its capacitances in a certain range. Due to this extremely attractive property, the circuit may be used as an electronic interface for capacitive sensors. A theoretical treatment of the circuit is provided to demonstrate its feasibility and to show the design process. Finally, both simulated and experimental result using off-the-shelf components are provided to validate the theoretical treatment and investigate the circuit performance as a capacitive sensor interface.","PeriodicalId":261827,"journal":{"name":"2023 9th International Workshop on Advances in Sensors and Interfaces (IWASI)","volume":"658 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133233886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-08DOI: 10.1109/IWASI58316.2023.10164345
Kanika S. Dheman, Alkinoos Sariglou, M. Magno
Non-invasive sweat glucose and lactate monitoring has many advantages over conventional blood sampling methods in being comfortable, unobtrusive, and offering continuous tracking. The use of wearable electrochemical sensors is one of the most promising approaches to enable sweat analytes’ sensing without being influenced by ambient light artifacts. Novel low-power implementations of a sweat sensing device promise to offer health and well-being tracking in wearable, battery-operated systems. Multiple challenges remain until this vision can be realized, such as identifying the variation with temperature and sources of drifts and sample evaporation. This work focuses on the investigation and characterization of glucose and lactate electrochemical sensors with the aim of unveiling their implicit materials’ properties, their dependence on temperature and their durability. The sensors were characterized with increasing and decreasing solution concentrations, repeated measures between different sensors to assess the reproducibility, evaluation of sensor degradation overtime and tests to study temperature dependence. The investigation revealed that the sensors are able to detect glucose and lactate with a linear model for concentration in the range of 0mM - 18 mM for glucose and 0mM - 4 mM for lactate. Glucose had a sensitivity of measurement of 0.038 μA/mM while lactate had a sensitivity of 0.87 μA/mM.
{"title":"Towards Wearable Sweat Sensing for Glucose and Lactate: Sensors Characterisation","authors":"Kanika S. Dheman, Alkinoos Sariglou, M. Magno","doi":"10.1109/IWASI58316.2023.10164345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWASI58316.2023.10164345","url":null,"abstract":"Non-invasive sweat glucose and lactate monitoring has many advantages over conventional blood sampling methods in being comfortable, unobtrusive, and offering continuous tracking. The use of wearable electrochemical sensors is one of the most promising approaches to enable sweat analytes’ sensing without being influenced by ambient light artifacts. Novel low-power implementations of a sweat sensing device promise to offer health and well-being tracking in wearable, battery-operated systems. Multiple challenges remain until this vision can be realized, such as identifying the variation with temperature and sources of drifts and sample evaporation. This work focuses on the investigation and characterization of glucose and lactate electrochemical sensors with the aim of unveiling their implicit materials’ properties, their dependence on temperature and their durability. The sensors were characterized with increasing and decreasing solution concentrations, repeated measures between different sensors to assess the reproducibility, evaluation of sensor degradation overtime and tests to study temperature dependence. The investigation revealed that the sensors are able to detect glucose and lactate with a linear model for concentration in the range of 0mM - 18 mM for glucose and 0mM - 4 mM for lactate. Glucose had a sensitivity of measurement of 0.038 μA/mM while lactate had a sensitivity of 0.87 μA/mM.","PeriodicalId":261827,"journal":{"name":"2023 9th International Workshop on Advances in Sensors and Interfaces (IWASI)","volume":"54 7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125743076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-08DOI: 10.1109/IWASI58316.2023.10164616
G. Gielen
In today’s emerging world, both humans and objects are continuously connected, collecting and communicating data. The rising number of applications relying on smart ICT technology includes autonomous vehicles, industry 5.0, biomedical wearables and implants, environmental sensing, smart houses and offices, etc. With all these data, local computation in the edge has become a necessity to limit data traffic and response latency. Embedding AI processing in the edge may add high levels of smart autonomy to these systems. Progress in nanoelectronic technology in combination with emerging neuromorphic, event-driven architectures with dynamic learning capabilities allow to do this in a power- and hardware-efficient way. This keynote will explore some solutions being developed today, and illustrate them with some practical examples of integrated circuits that are on the verge of merging the cyber and the physical worlds.
{"title":"Neuromorphic computing in the edge: merging cyber and physical","authors":"G. Gielen","doi":"10.1109/IWASI58316.2023.10164616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWASI58316.2023.10164616","url":null,"abstract":"In today’s emerging world, both humans and objects are continuously connected, collecting and communicating data. The rising number of applications relying on smart ICT technology includes autonomous vehicles, industry 5.0, biomedical wearables and implants, environmental sensing, smart houses and offices, etc. With all these data, local computation in the edge has become a necessity to limit data traffic and response latency. Embedding AI processing in the edge may add high levels of smart autonomy to these systems. Progress in nanoelectronic technology in combination with emerging neuromorphic, event-driven architectures with dynamic learning capabilities allow to do this in a power- and hardware-efficient way. This keynote will explore some solutions being developed today, and illustrate them with some practical examples of integrated circuits that are on the verge of merging the cyber and the physical worlds.","PeriodicalId":261827,"journal":{"name":"2023 9th International Workshop on Advances in Sensors and Interfaces (IWASI)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132847924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-08DOI: 10.1109/IWASI58316.2023.10164305
D. Serini, C. Altomare, Francesco Alemanno, N. A. Ximenes, F. Barbato, P. Bernardini, I. Cagnoli, E. Casilli, P. Cattaneo, A. Comerma, I. Mitri, F. Palma, C. Vecchi, A. Giovanni, L. Venere, M. D. Santo, A. Espinya, M. Alonso, G. Fontanella, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, D. Gascón, S. Gómez, D. Guberman, D. Kyratzis, F. Licciulli, F. Loparco, S. Loporchio, L. Lorusso, M. Mazziotta, M. Mongelli, J. Mauricio, A. Parenti, G. Panzarini, R. Pillera, A. Rappoldi, G. Raselli, M. Rossella, A. Sammukh, A. Sanuy, A. Smirnov, L. Silveri, A. Surdo, R. Triggiani, L. Wu
Satellite experiments employ plastic scintillators to discriminate charged from neutral particles and to identify charged nuclei. We have assembled and tested a prototype of Plastic Scintillator Detector (PSD) equipped with Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) for the High Energy Cosmic Radiation Detection facility (HERD) that will be installed onboard the future Chinese Space Station (CSS). The HERD experiment will provide high quality data on charged cosmic rays up to PeV energies and gamma rays above 100 MeV energies. In order to explore the capability of charge identification of nuclei up to iron, a beam test campaign was performed in 2022 at CERN to study the overall performance of the PSD. The PSD prototype is composed of 8 plastic scintillator trapezoidal bars of two different lengths. The PSD prototype was irradiated with an ion beam composed of particles of selected momentum of 150 GeV/n at CERN SPS H8 beam line. Along the beam line two 10× 10× 0.5 cm3 squared plastic scintillator tiles were also placed to monitor the beam composition and the particle fragmentation upstream and downstream the beam line. In this work the main results of the SPS H8 beam test in terms of nuclei identification performances of the PSD ptototype detector will be shown.
{"title":"Characterization of the nuclei identification performances of the plastic scintillator detector prototype for the future HERD satellite experiment","authors":"D. Serini, C. Altomare, Francesco Alemanno, N. A. Ximenes, F. Barbato, P. Bernardini, I. Cagnoli, E. Casilli, P. Cattaneo, A. Comerma, I. Mitri, F. Palma, C. Vecchi, A. Giovanni, L. Venere, M. D. Santo, A. Espinya, M. Alonso, G. Fontanella, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, D. Gascón, S. Gómez, D. Guberman, D. Kyratzis, F. Licciulli, F. Loparco, S. Loporchio, L. Lorusso, M. Mazziotta, M. Mongelli, J. Mauricio, A. Parenti, G. Panzarini, R. Pillera, A. Rappoldi, G. Raselli, M. Rossella, A. Sammukh, A. Sanuy, A. Smirnov, L. Silveri, A. Surdo, R. Triggiani, L. Wu","doi":"10.1109/IWASI58316.2023.10164305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWASI58316.2023.10164305","url":null,"abstract":"Satellite experiments employ plastic scintillators to discriminate charged from neutral particles and to identify charged nuclei. We have assembled and tested a prototype of Plastic Scintillator Detector (PSD) equipped with Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) for the High Energy Cosmic Radiation Detection facility (HERD) that will be installed onboard the future Chinese Space Station (CSS). The HERD experiment will provide high quality data on charged cosmic rays up to PeV energies and gamma rays above 100 MeV energies. In order to explore the capability of charge identification of nuclei up to iron, a beam test campaign was performed in 2022 at CERN to study the overall performance of the PSD. The PSD prototype is composed of 8 plastic scintillator trapezoidal bars of two different lengths. The PSD prototype was irradiated with an ion beam composed of particles of selected momentum of 150 GeV/n at CERN SPS H8 beam line. Along the beam line two 10× 10× 0.5 cm3 squared plastic scintillator tiles were also placed to monitor the beam composition and the particle fragmentation upstream and downstream the beam line. In this work the main results of the SPS H8 beam test in terms of nuclei identification performances of the PSD ptototype detector will be shown.","PeriodicalId":261827,"journal":{"name":"2023 9th International Workshop on Advances in Sensors and Interfaces (IWASI)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130985817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-08DOI: 10.1109/IWASI58316.2023.10164581
F. Regazzoni, P. Palmieri, A. Fournaris
Technological innovations are changing the world we live in, but in no sector they can have a greater impact on our lives than in the area of digital healthcare. The potential is immense: from AI-driven drug discovery to pervasive sensing to predict and prevent diseases and health conditions, the promise of technology-enabled medicine is that of better diagnoses, more effective treatments, improved prognoses, and ultimately longer and healthier lives.While technological advances in healthcare are being introduced at an ever increasing pace, they face an existential risk for their eventual adoption and public acceptance: they do not currently embed advanced cyber security mechanism that will be capable of confronting the complex cyber threats landscape of the future. In fact, while advanced cryptographic and security techniques such as secure multi-party computation, federated learning and root of trust are edging closer to deployment in the real world, they have largely not been adopted in the medical and healthcare domain. In this work, we argue that such adoption, enabled by stronger collaboration and deeper mutual knowledge between the healthcare and cyber security research community, is crucial for the success and safety of medical devices and sensors. In particular, we discuss the case of sensors, and their security, as well as the privacy of the data they collect.
{"title":"Treating a different kind of patient: curing security weaknesses in digital health systems of the future","authors":"F. Regazzoni, P. Palmieri, A. Fournaris","doi":"10.1109/IWASI58316.2023.10164581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWASI58316.2023.10164581","url":null,"abstract":"Technological innovations are changing the world we live in, but in no sector they can have a greater impact on our lives than in the area of digital healthcare. The potential is immense: from AI-driven drug discovery to pervasive sensing to predict and prevent diseases and health conditions, the promise of technology-enabled medicine is that of better diagnoses, more effective treatments, improved prognoses, and ultimately longer and healthier lives.While technological advances in healthcare are being introduced at an ever increasing pace, they face an existential risk for their eventual adoption and public acceptance: they do not currently embed advanced cyber security mechanism that will be capable of confronting the complex cyber threats landscape of the future. In fact, while advanced cryptographic and security techniques such as secure multi-party computation, federated learning and root of trust are edging closer to deployment in the real world, they have largely not been adopted in the medical and healthcare domain. In this work, we argue that such adoption, enabled by stronger collaboration and deeper mutual knowledge between the healthcare and cyber security research community, is crucial for the success and safety of medical devices and sensors. In particular, we discuss the case of sensors, and their security, as well as the privacy of the data they collect.","PeriodicalId":261827,"journal":{"name":"2023 9th International Workshop on Advances in Sensors and Interfaces (IWASI)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126517283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-08DOI: 10.1109/IWASI58316.2023.10164543
A. Zompanti, Riccardo Cicco, Davide Ciarrocchi, M. Santonico, G. Pennazza
Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy is a technique widely used to characterize the impedance of a system over a range of frequencies by applying an electrical perturbation to it and measuring its response. Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy is mainly used to characterize materials (solid-state devices, batteries, etc) and in recent decades has also been used to characterize biological systems, such as human tissues, for medical applications. If the sample under test is a biological tissue the technique is called Bioelectric Impedance Spectroscopy: usually biological tissues are stimulated using a sinusoidal current signal, for safety reasons. In this research a low-cost Bioelectric Impedance Spectroscopy device was developed: a custom analog front end to apply the current signal and extract the electrical response of the sample was designed; a proof-of-concept prototype was realized to evaluate the preliminary performances of the system. The system was tested using the simplest equivalent circuit of a biological tissue that is a parallel between a resistance and a capacitance: the device is able to measure the magnitude of the sample impedance with a maximum relative error of about 10% and the phase of the sample impedance with a maximum relative error of about 4%.
{"title":"Design, realization and test of a low-cost electrical impedance spectrocopy analyzer for biological samples","authors":"A. Zompanti, Riccardo Cicco, Davide Ciarrocchi, M. Santonico, G. Pennazza","doi":"10.1109/IWASI58316.2023.10164543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWASI58316.2023.10164543","url":null,"abstract":"Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy is a technique widely used to characterize the impedance of a system over a range of frequencies by applying an electrical perturbation to it and measuring its response. Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy is mainly used to characterize materials (solid-state devices, batteries, etc) and in recent decades has also been used to characterize biological systems, such as human tissues, for medical applications. If the sample under test is a biological tissue the technique is called Bioelectric Impedance Spectroscopy: usually biological tissues are stimulated using a sinusoidal current signal, for safety reasons. In this research a low-cost Bioelectric Impedance Spectroscopy device was developed: a custom analog front end to apply the current signal and extract the electrical response of the sample was designed; a proof-of-concept prototype was realized to evaluate the preliminary performances of the system. The system was tested using the simplest equivalent circuit of a biological tissue that is a parallel between a resistance and a capacitance: the device is able to measure the magnitude of the sample impedance with a maximum relative error of about 10% and the phase of the sample impedance with a maximum relative error of about 4%.","PeriodicalId":261827,"journal":{"name":"2023 9th International Workshop on Advances in Sensors and Interfaces (IWASI)","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134054339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-08DOI: 10.1109/IWASI58316.2023.10164549
V. Annese, Valerio Galli, Giulia Coco, M. Caironi
The development of edible electronics and robotics represents a novel opportunity in several application scenarios, from food monitoring and healthcare to search and rescue. In this context, the EU-funded ROBOFOOD project aims to merge food science, robotics, and engineering to study the possible application of food-derived materials in traditional electronic and robotic components. Besides the possible out-of-body applications, the use of food-derived materials holds great potential for gastrointestinal (GI) monitoring. Avoiding the use of toxic materials, digestible sensors – i.e. diagnostic food - can reduce the risk of poisoning and retention in case of device malfunctioning, limiting the need for surgical extractions. Here we present an edible pressure-induced contact-resistance pressure sensor made of a gelatin-based body, an activated carbon conductive coating, printed gold electrodes and an ethyl cellulose substrate. Preliminary results show that the sensor is successful in detecting pressure changes above a certain threshold depending on the diaphragm height. For a device with a height of 500 μm, the pressure threshold was between 20.3 and 25.3 g/cm2. While further developments are required to enable the use of the sensor in real-case scenarios, this work represents a first proof-of-concept of diagnostic food.
{"title":"Eat, Test, Digest: Towards Diagnostic Food for Next-Generation Gastrointestinal Tract Monitoring","authors":"V. Annese, Valerio Galli, Giulia Coco, M. Caironi","doi":"10.1109/IWASI58316.2023.10164549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWASI58316.2023.10164549","url":null,"abstract":"The development of edible electronics and robotics represents a novel opportunity in several application scenarios, from food monitoring and healthcare to search and rescue. In this context, the EU-funded ROBOFOOD project aims to merge food science, robotics, and engineering to study the possible application of food-derived materials in traditional electronic and robotic components. Besides the possible out-of-body applications, the use of food-derived materials holds great potential for gastrointestinal (GI) monitoring. Avoiding the use of toxic materials, digestible sensors – i.e. diagnostic food - can reduce the risk of poisoning and retention in case of device malfunctioning, limiting the need for surgical extractions. Here we present an edible pressure-induced contact-resistance pressure sensor made of a gelatin-based body, an activated carbon conductive coating, printed gold electrodes and an ethyl cellulose substrate. Preliminary results show that the sensor is successful in detecting pressure changes above a certain threshold depending on the diaphragm height. For a device with a height of 500 μm, the pressure threshold was between 20.3 and 25.3 g/cm2. While further developments are required to enable the use of the sensor in real-case scenarios, this work represents a first proof-of-concept of diagnostic food.","PeriodicalId":261827,"journal":{"name":"2023 9th International Workshop on Advances in Sensors and Interfaces (IWASI)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133703209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-08DOI: 10.1109/IWASI58316.2023.10164559
J. Rabaey
The emergence of “Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI)” in the late 1970’s created a groundswell of feverish innovation. Inspired by the vision laid out in Mead and Conway’s “Introduction to VLSI Design”, numerous researchers embarked on venues to unleash the capabilities offered by integrated circuit technology. The introduction of design rules, separating manufacturing from design, combined with an intermediate abstraction language (CIF) and a silicon brokerage service (MOSIS) gave access to silicon for a large population of eager designers. The magic however expanded way beyond these circuit enthusiasts and attracted a whole generation of software experts to help automate the design process, given rise to concepts such as layout generation, logic synthesis, and silicon compilation. It is hard to overestimate the impact that this revolution has had on information technology and society at large.
{"title":"Restoring the magic in design","authors":"J. Rabaey","doi":"10.1109/IWASI58316.2023.10164559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWASI58316.2023.10164559","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of “Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI)” in the late 1970’s created a groundswell of feverish innovation. Inspired by the vision laid out in Mead and Conway’s “Introduction to VLSI Design”, numerous researchers embarked on venues to unleash the capabilities offered by integrated circuit technology. The introduction of design rules, separating manufacturing from design, combined with an intermediate abstraction language (CIF) and a silicon brokerage service (MOSIS) gave access to silicon for a large population of eager designers. The magic however expanded way beyond these circuit enthusiasts and attracted a whole generation of software experts to help automate the design process, given rise to concepts such as layout generation, logic synthesis, and silicon compilation. It is hard to overestimate the impact that this revolution has had on information technology and society at large.","PeriodicalId":261827,"journal":{"name":"2023 9th International Workshop on Advances in Sensors and Interfaces (IWASI)","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116088527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-08DOI: 10.1109/IWASI58316.2023.10164505
Andrea Amidei, Pierangelo Maria Rapa, Giuseppe Tagliavini, R. Rabbeni, Paolo Pavan, Simone Benatti
The automotive industry increasingly recognizes the importance of human-machine interaction in enhancing the driving experience and improving driver safety. Human factors, such as drowsiness and attention deficits, play a primary role in safe driving. There are several research and commercial solutions to address these issues. However, they analyze vehicle behavior and are unable to assess the driver’s state in a timely manner. A novel approach to this problem is to monitor the driver’s physiological signals. In this context, Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a noninvasive technique that monitors cardiac activity and can provide information regarding the driver’s state. This work introduces ANGELS, an embedded system that exploits PPG signals to monitor drivers in a non-invasive way. ANGELS is a low-cost and low-power system that can be integrated into the steering wheel of a car. It acquires and processes the driver’s PPG signals in real-time and enables heart rate monitoring without requiring accelerometer data to remove motion artifacts. We perform an experimental assessment using the Maserati driving simulator. ANGELS features a mean absolute error on heart rate detection of 1.19 BPM with a latency of 10 s and power consumption of only 130 mW. These results demonstrate that it is a reliable and promising solution for improving driver safety.
{"title":"ANGELS - Smart Steering Wheel for Driver Safety","authors":"Andrea Amidei, Pierangelo Maria Rapa, Giuseppe Tagliavini, R. Rabbeni, Paolo Pavan, Simone Benatti","doi":"10.1109/IWASI58316.2023.10164505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWASI58316.2023.10164505","url":null,"abstract":"The automotive industry increasingly recognizes the importance of human-machine interaction in enhancing the driving experience and improving driver safety. Human factors, such as drowsiness and attention deficits, play a primary role in safe driving. There are several research and commercial solutions to address these issues. However, they analyze vehicle behavior and are unable to assess the driver’s state in a timely manner. A novel approach to this problem is to monitor the driver’s physiological signals. In this context, Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a noninvasive technique that monitors cardiac activity and can provide information regarding the driver’s state. This work introduces ANGELS, an embedded system that exploits PPG signals to monitor drivers in a non-invasive way. ANGELS is a low-cost and low-power system that can be integrated into the steering wheel of a car. It acquires and processes the driver’s PPG signals in real-time and enables heart rate monitoring without requiring accelerometer data to remove motion artifacts. We perform an experimental assessment using the Maserati driving simulator. ANGELS features a mean absolute error on heart rate detection of 1.19 BPM with a latency of 10 s and power consumption of only 130 mW. These results demonstrate that it is a reliable and promising solution for improving driver safety.","PeriodicalId":261827,"journal":{"name":"2023 9th International Workshop on Advances in Sensors and Interfaces (IWASI)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116114497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-08DOI: 10.1109/IWASI58316.2023.10164471
S. Mileiko, Oktay Cetinkaya, Darren Mackie, A. Yakovlev, Domenico Balsamo
Energy management in energy harvesting (EH) transient computing systems is challenging due to the common reliance on volatile memory (VM) elements, which require the energy management units (EMUs) of these systems to be powered at all times. Such a requirement is unattainable due to the intermittent and varying nature of EH. Additionally, these EMUs often use only one large energy storage to power the systems, which is not optimal considering the distinct energy needs of different system tasks. We addressed these issues in our recent study by proposing an EMU capable of selecting task-specific operating voltage levels and energy storage sizes at runtime while reliably retaining this information (internal EMU state) on the EMU side, thanks to the non-volatile memory (NVM) elements used. However, this solution had only two options for voltage and storage selection, preventing the system from providing the precise energy levels required by each task. Hence, this study extends these options for greater granularity in optimizing task-specific energy needs via a multi-storage EMU approach, offering an ever-efficient state retention unit (SRU) solution. We use the Signal Transition Graph (STG) method to design SRU’s control logic that handles the NVM elements for retaining the internal EMU state. The empirical measurements reveal that the actual energy overhead added by the SRU is as low as 0.1mJ to update the EMU state while the static current consumption is $simeq3mu$A.
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