R. Cutts, J. Haynes, H. D. Huskey, J. Kaubisch, L. Laitinen, G. Tollkuhn, E. Yarwood
This paper is a progress report on a computer system which is now being designed and constructed. As the title indicates, ideas that seem good have been taken from many different sources. Many features of contemporary large systems that were earlier incorporated into a plan for a large machine are now being applied to this smaller system.
{"title":"An eclectic information processing system","authors":"R. Cutts, J. Haynes, H. D. Huskey, J. Kaubisch, L. Laitinen, G. Tollkuhn, E. Yarwood","doi":"10.1145/1479992.1480058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1479992.1480058","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is a progress report on a computer system which is now being designed and constructed. As the title indicates, ideas that seem good have been taken from many different sources. Many features of contemporary large systems that were earlier incorporated into a plan for a large machine are now being applied to this smaller system.","PeriodicalId":262093,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '72 (Fall, part I)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115197701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper discusses the nature of systems for protection of information in the central memory of a computer, describing the potentialities and limitations of a variety of approaches. It is based upon work done in the course of a current project on protection systems at the Computer Laboratory, Cambridge, and outlines a system which is being developed to the point of hardware implementation in the Laboratory.
{"title":"Protection systems and protection implementations","authors":"R. Needham","doi":"10.1145/1479992.1480073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1479992.1480073","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses the nature of systems for protection of information in the central memory of a computer, describing the potentialities and limitations of a variety of approaches. It is based upon work done in the course of a current project on protection systems at the Computer Laboratory, Cambridge, and outlines a system which is being developed to the point of hardware implementation in the Laboratory.","PeriodicalId":262093,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '72 (Fall, part I)","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126691294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A great deal of attention is presently being given to the design of computer programs to recognize and describe two-dimensional pictorial symbology. This symbology may arise from natural sources such as scenery or from more conventionalized sources such as text or mathematical notation. The standardized graphics used in specification of topographic maps also form a conventionalized, two-dimensional class of symbology.
{"title":"Automated map reading and analysis by computer","authors":"R. Cofer, J. Tou","doi":"10.1145/1479992.1480010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1479992.1480010","url":null,"abstract":"A great deal of attention is presently being given to the design of computer programs to recognize and describe two-dimensional pictorial symbology. This symbology may arise from natural sources such as scenery or from more conventionalized sources such as text or mathematical notation. The standardized graphics used in specification of topographic maps also form a conventionalized, two-dimensional class of symbology.","PeriodicalId":262093,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '72 (Fall, part I)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123820685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The role of graphics in interactive man-computer systems is to extend the capability of the computer for communication in a visual mode so that men can communicate with the computer directly in the figurative notations and graphics conventions that they have developed for communication among themselves. A large number of computer-graphics systems have been developed, most of them directed toward drawing lines, curves, or shapes, as in schematic drawing, solid and half-tone drawing, and computer animation. Considerable work has also been done in computer output of drawings and graphs.
{"title":"An on-line two-dimensional computation system","authors":"T. G. Williams","doi":"10.1145/1479992.1480062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1479992.1480062","url":null,"abstract":"The role of graphics in interactive man-computer systems is to extend the capability of the computer for communication in a visual mode so that men can communicate with the computer directly in the figurative notations and graphics conventions that they have developed for communication among themselves. A large number of computer-graphics systems have been developed, most of them directed toward drawing lines, curves, or shapes, as in schematic drawing, solid and half-tone drawing, and computer animation. Considerable work has also been done in computer output of drawings and graphs.","PeriodicalId":262093,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '72 (Fall, part I)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115837793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Integrated Telephone Customer Information System (ITCIS) is a computer network system, which was initiated by the Dutch Post, Telephone and Telegraph (PTT) and PANDATA N.V., a Dutch software company partly owned by PTT, in June 1970. The initial definition study concerned the feasibility of integrating several data files each containing telephone customer data (Billing, Directory Preparation, and Work Order Administration). In addition, there were efforts under way by a PTT research group concerning the automation of the Directory Assistance Service and, by another group, the Telephone Cable and Pair Administration. The conclusion reached in the definition study indicated that integration was not only feasible, but, that a completely integrated online system, including Cable and Pair and Directory Assistance would be economically desirable.
{"title":"The design approach to integrated telephone information in the Netherlands","authors":"R. DiPalma, G. Hice","doi":"10.1145/1479992.1480067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1479992.1480067","url":null,"abstract":"The Integrated Telephone Customer Information System (ITCIS) is a computer network system, which was initiated by the Dutch Post, Telephone and Telegraph (PTT) and PANDATA N.V., a Dutch software company partly owned by PTT, in June 1970. The initial definition study concerned the feasibility of integrating several data files each containing telephone customer data (Billing, Directory Preparation, and Work Order Administration). In addition, there were efforts under way by a PTT research group concerning the automation of the Directory Assistance Service and, by another group, the Telephone Cable and Pair Administration. The conclusion reached in the definition study indicated that integration was not only feasible, but, that a completely integrated online system, including Cable and Pair and Directory Assistance would be economically desirable.","PeriodicalId":262093,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '72 (Fall, part I)","volume":"247 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122831846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Currently, there are methods available which were derived in the field of computer science to analyze and evaluate algorithms implemented in computer programs. The subject of this paper will involve a combination of three of these methods with a rather rigorous simulation of three invariant imbedding algorithms in a manner strictly slanted toward their usefulness and importance in control system applications. The algorithms used to solve the problems and special solution formulations of the problems are presented first. Then, the numerical routines which provided the most efficient implementation of the problems in their algorithmic form are explained. And last, the adaptation of the analysis techniques to the problems is shown to aid in understanding the final conclusions drawn.
{"title":"An analysis of optimal control system algorithms","authors":"Carol N. Walter, G. Cohen","doi":"10.1145/1479992.1480047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1479992.1480047","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, there are methods available which were derived in the field of computer science to analyze and evaluate algorithms implemented in computer programs. The subject of this paper will involve a combination of three of these methods with a rather rigorous simulation of three invariant imbedding algorithms in a manner strictly slanted toward their usefulness and importance in control system applications. The algorithms used to solve the problems and special solution formulations of the problems are presented first. Then, the numerical routines which provided the most efficient implementation of the problems in their algorithmic form are explained. And last, the adaptation of the analysis techniques to the problems is shown to aid in understanding the final conclusions drawn.","PeriodicalId":262093,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '72 (Fall, part I)","volume":"266 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122944012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes a computer center accounting system presently in use at the Holmdel Laboratory and elsewhere within Bell Telephone Laboratories. It is not (as is IBM's SMF, for example), a tool which measures computer usage and produces "original" data from which cost-per-run and other such information can be derived. It is, rather, a collector of such data: it takes as input original run statistics, storage and service measurements from a variety of sources, converts these to charges, and reports these charges by the organizations (departments) and projects (cases) which incur them.
{"title":"A computer center accounting system","authors":"F. T. Grampp","doi":"10.1145/1479992.1480006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1479992.1480006","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a computer center accounting system presently in use at the Holmdel Laboratory and elsewhere within Bell Telephone Laboratories. It is not (as is IBM's SMF, for example), a tool which measures computer usage and produces \"original\" data from which cost-per-run and other such information can be derived. It is, rather, a collector of such data: it takes as input original run statistics, storage and service measurements from a variety of sources, converts these to charges, and reports these charges by the organizations (departments) and projects (cases) which incur them.","PeriodicalId":262093,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '72 (Fall, part I)","volume":"195 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122034522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CTSS (Classroom Teacher Support System) was developed to aid teachers. The concept consists of retrieving questions according to specified attributes from a centralized data bank, assembling them into tests or exercises, and scoring student answers. Since scoring mark-sense answer sheets is a well-understood and widespread application, the emphasis was placed on solving systems problems related to producing lists of questions which meet the teacher's needs as he perceives them. To achieve this, the system permits items to be classified along several dimensions so that they can be selected by the computer according to criteria set by the teacher requesting a test. (The word "test" is used here to designate a list of questions, regardless of how it is to be used by the teacher who receives it.)
{"title":"A comprehensive question retrieval application to serve classroom teachers","authors":"Gerald Lippey","doi":"10.1145/1479992.1480081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1479992.1480081","url":null,"abstract":"CTSS (Classroom Teacher Support System) was developed to aid teachers. The concept consists of retrieving questions according to specified attributes from a centralized data bank, assembling them into tests or exercises, and scoring student answers. Since scoring mark-sense answer sheets is a well-understood and widespread application, the emphasis was placed on solving systems problems related to producing lists of questions which meet the teacher's needs as he perceives them. To achieve this, the system permits items to be classified along several dimensions so that they can be selected by the computer according to criteria set by the teacher requesting a test. (The word \"test\" is used here to designate a list of questions, regardless of how it is to be used by the teacher who receives it.)","PeriodicalId":262093,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '72 (Fall, part I)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129162662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In early 1969, BBN began an effort aimed at developing a new time-shared operating system. It was felt at the time that none of the commercially available systems could meet the needs of the research planned and in progress at BBN. The foremost requirement of the desired operating system was that it support a directly addressed process memory in which large list-processing computations could be performed. The cost of core storage prohibited the acquisition of sufficient memory for even one such process, and the problems of swapping such very large processes in a time-sharing environment made that solution technically infeasible as well.
{"title":"Storage organization and management in TENEX","authors":"D. L. Murphy","doi":"10.1145/1479992.1479996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1479992.1479996","url":null,"abstract":"In early 1969, BBN began an effort aimed at developing a new time-shared operating system. It was felt at the time that none of the commercially available systems could meet the needs of the research planned and in progress at BBN. The foremost requirement of the desired operating system was that it support a directly addressed process memory in which large list-processing computations could be performed. The cost of core storage prohibited the acquisition of sufficient memory for even one such process, and the problems of swapping such very large processes in a time-sharing environment made that solution technically infeasible as well.","PeriodicalId":262093,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '72 (Fall, part I)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123893513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is emerging an increased interest in computer augmented testing procedures. Among those feasible techniques that have proven of particular value is the method of Computer Generated Repeatable Tests (CGRT). This approach to testing, which allows the repeatable administration of tests over a body of material, has been previously described. Interest in the method has been high, and frequent inquiries into the nature of the computing processes involved in CGRT have led us to elaborate here on the computer software aspects of the method. In this paper we describe the structure of the test generation and student response scoring programs, we describe important performance improvements, and we discuss some aspects of the problem of developing "portable" or machine-independent computer programs.
{"title":"Computer processes in repeatable testing","authors":"F. Prosser, J. Nakhnikian","doi":"10.1145/1479992.1480082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1479992.1480082","url":null,"abstract":"There is emerging an increased interest in computer augmented testing procedures. Among those feasible techniques that have proven of particular value is the method of Computer Generated Repeatable Tests (CGRT). This approach to testing, which allows the repeatable administration of tests over a body of material, has been previously described. Interest in the method has been high, and frequent inquiries into the nature of the computing processes involved in CGRT have led us to elaborate here on the computer software aspects of the method. In this paper we describe the structure of the test generation and student response scoring programs, we describe important performance improvements, and we discuss some aspects of the problem of developing \"portable\" or machine-independent computer programs.","PeriodicalId":262093,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '72 (Fall, part I)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128371124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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