There are almost as many definitions for Facilities Management (FM) as there are people trying to define it. Because FM can offer different levels of service, some variations in its definition are legitimate.
{"title":"Facilities management: a marriage of porcupines","authors":"David C. Jung","doi":"10.1145/1479992.1480008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1479992.1480008","url":null,"abstract":"There are almost as many definitions for Facilities Management (FM) as there are people trying to define it. Because FM can offer different levels of service, some variations in its definition are legitimate.","PeriodicalId":262093,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '72 (Fall, part I)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121161130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the interest of improving readability, instruction retry is presented generically. Technical terms unique to the 6000 are avoided.
为了提高可读性，对指令重试进行了一般的描述。避免使用6000专用术语。
{"title":"The retryable processor","authors":"G. Maestri","doi":"10.1145/1479992.1480028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1479992.1480028","url":null,"abstract":"In the interest of improving readability, instruction retry is presented generically. Technical terms unique to the 6000 are avoided.","PeriodicalId":262093,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '72 (Fall, part I)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121493685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The subject of scheduling for movable head rotating storage devices, i.e., disk-like devices, has been discussed at length in recent literature. The early scheduling models were developed by Denning, Frank, and Weingarten. Highly theoretical models have been set forth recently by Manocha, and a comprehensive simulation study has been reported on by Teorey and Pinkerton.
{"title":"Properties of disk scheduling policies in multiprogrammed computer systems","authors":"T. Teorey","doi":"10.1145/1479992.1479994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1479992.1479994","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of scheduling for movable head rotating storage devices, i.e., disk-like devices, has been discussed at length in recent literature. The early scheduling models were developed by Denning, Frank, and Weingarten. Highly theoretical models have been set forth recently by Manocha, and a comprehensive simulation study has been reported on by Teorey and Pinkerton.","PeriodicalId":262093,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '72 (Fall, part I)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117157846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Computer graphics has been seen since its inception as a means of simulating the visual environment. Ivan Sutherland's binocular CRTs was the first apparatus designed to place a viewing subject in a world generated by a computer. When the subject in Sutherland's apparatus turned his head, the computer generated new images in response, simulating what the subject would see if he really were in the 3-space which existed only in the computer's memory. This paper describes a system which is a practical extension of Sutherland's concept.
{"title":"Simulating the visual environment in real-time via software","authors":"R. S. Burns","doi":"10.1145/1479992.1480012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1479992.1480012","url":null,"abstract":"Computer graphics has been seen since its inception as a means of simulating the visual environment. Ivan Sutherland's binocular CRTs was the first apparatus designed to place a viewing subject in a world generated by a computer. When the subject in Sutherland's apparatus turned his head, the computer generated new images in response, simulating what the subject would see if he really were in the 3-space which existed only in the computer's memory. This paper describes a system which is a practical extension of Sutherland's concept.","PeriodicalId":262093,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '72 (Fall, part I)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123097934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the popular misconceptions concerning PL/I is that programs written in PL/I are necessarily inefficient and hard to debug. Several years experience with the Multics PL/I compiler running on the Honeywell 645 has shown that in spite of the apparent complexity of the PL/I language, PL/I programs are easily debugged in the Multics environment, even by novice users who are newcomers to PL/I and are unfamiliar with the Honeywell 645. In most cases the user can debug his program symbolically without having to refer to a listing of the generated instructions or add debugging output statements to the program. This is due to a number of factors: • the run-time environment provided by the system. • the implementation of PL/I. • the availability of a variety of powerful debugging facilities.
{"title":"Debugging PL/I programs in the multics environment","authors":"B. Wolman","doi":"10.1145/1479992.1480063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1479992.1480063","url":null,"abstract":"One of the popular misconceptions concerning PL/I is that programs written in PL/I are necessarily inefficient and hard to debug. Several years experience with the Multics PL/I compiler running on the Honeywell 645 has shown that in spite of the apparent complexity of the PL/I language, PL/I programs are easily debugged in the Multics environment, even by novice users who are newcomers to PL/I and are unfamiliar with the Honeywell 645. In most cases the user can debug his program symbolically without having to refer to a listing of the generated instructions or add debugging output statements to the program. This is due to a number of factors:\u0000 • the run-time environment provided by the system.\u0000 • the implementation of PL/I.\u0000 • the availability of a variety of powerful debugging facilities.","PeriodicalId":262093,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '72 (Fall, part I)","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122654198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The growing complexity of modern computer systems has made performance evaluation results more and more difficult to obtain. The difficulty of representation and analysis of combination hardware/software systems has increased with the level of sophistication used in their design. One popular approach that has been used for evaluating proposed computer systems is simulation.
{"title":"Evaluation nets for computer system performance analysis","authors":"G. Nutt","doi":"10.1145/1479992.1480030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1479992.1480030","url":null,"abstract":"The growing complexity of modern computer systems has made performance evaluation results more and more difficult to obtain. The difficulty of representation and analysis of combination hardware/software systems has increased with the level of sophistication used in their design. One popular approach that has been used for evaluating proposed computer systems is simulation.","PeriodicalId":262093,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '72 (Fall, part I)","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131125481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Interest in proving the correctness of programs has grown explosively within the last two or three years. There are now over a hundred people pursuing research on this general topic; most of them are relative newcomers to the field. At least three reasons can be cited for this rapid growth: (1) The inability to design and implement software systems which can be guaranteed correct is severely restricting computer applications in many important areas. (2) Debugging and maintaining large computer programs is now well recognized as one of the most serious and costly problems facing the computer industry. (3) A large number of mathematicians, especially logicians, are interested in applications where their talents can be used.
{"title":"A summary of progress toward proving program correctness","authors":"T. Linden","doi":"10.1145/1479992.1480019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1479992.1480019","url":null,"abstract":"Interest in proving the correctness of programs has grown explosively within the last two or three years. There are now over a hundred people pursuing research on this general topic; most of them are relative newcomers to the field. At least three reasons can be cited for this rapid growth:\u0000 (1) The inability to design and implement software systems which can be guaranteed correct is severely restricting computer applications in many important areas.\u0000 (2) Debugging and maintaining large computer programs is now well recognized as one of the most serious and costly problems facing the computer industry.\u0000 (3) A large number of mathematicians, especially logicians, are interested in applications where their talents can be used.","PeriodicalId":262093,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '72 (Fall, part I)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114344973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of highly parallel processing units for computing problems that are highly parallel in structure has been widely studied. The range of systems varies from the duplication of complete processing elements, through the provision of a set of specially tailored small processors attached to a main processor, to the use of cellular arrays; other writers have exploited the inherent parallelism of associative memories as components of parallel processing systems.
{"title":"A design for an auxiliary associative parallel processor","authors":"M. Wesley, S. Chang, J. H. Mommens","doi":"10.1145/1479992.1480057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1479992.1480057","url":null,"abstract":"The use of highly parallel processing units for computing problems that are highly parallel in structure has been widely studied. The range of systems varies from the duplication of complete processing elements, through the provision of a set of specially tailored small processors attached to a main processor, to the use of cellular arrays; other writers have exploited the inherent parallelism of associative memories as components of parallel processing systems.","PeriodicalId":262093,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '72 (Fall, part I)","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122609181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Experience in development and maintenance of large computer-based systems for government and industry has led the IBM Federal Systems Division to the formulation of a new approach to production programming. This approach, which couples a new kind of programming organization (a Chief Programmer Team) with formal tools for using structured programming in system development, was recently applied on a contract with The New York Times for an online information system. Compared to experience on similar contracts in the past, the approach resulted in increased programmer productivity coupled with improved quality. An earlier paper describes the approach in detail and gives productivity measures in a form which should allow comparability to other systems. Following a brief description of the system and a review of the approach, this paper discusses the quality of the system as observed during a thorough acceptance test and in the initial period of operation following its delivery.
{"title":"System quality through structured programming","authors":"F. T. Baker","doi":"10.1145/1479992.1480037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1479992.1480037","url":null,"abstract":"Experience in development and maintenance of large computer-based systems for government and industry has led the IBM Federal Systems Division to the formulation of a new approach to production programming. This approach, which couples a new kind of programming organization (a Chief Programmer Team) with formal tools for using structured programming in system development, was recently applied on a contract with The New York Times for an online information system. Compared to experience on similar contracts in the past, the approach resulted in increased programmer productivity coupled with improved quality. An earlier paper describes the approach in detail and gives productivity measures in a form which should allow comparability to other systems. Following a brief description of the system and a review of the approach, this paper discusses the quality of the system as observed during a thorough acceptance test and in the initial period of operation following its delivery.","PeriodicalId":262093,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '72 (Fall, part I)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131033085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For several years various groups at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory have been using computer generated motion pictures as an output medium for large simulation and analysis codes. Typically, the numerical output from one simulation run is so large that conventional output media are ineffective. The time-variable medium of motion picture film is required to organize the results into a form that can be readily interpreted. But even this medium cannot always convey all of the information needed. Only a limited number of variables can be distinctly represented before the various representations begin to obscure or obliterate each other. Furthermore, the data presented usually must include a significant amount of explanatory material such as scaling factors, representation keys, and other interpretive aids. If a film is to have long-term usefulness to a number of people, this information must either be included on the film or in a separate writeup that accompanies the film.
{"title":"Computer generated optical sound tracks","authors":"E. K. Tucker, L. H. Baker, D. C. Buckner","doi":"10.1145/1479992.1480011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1479992.1480011","url":null,"abstract":"For several years various groups at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory have been using computer generated motion pictures as an output medium for large simulation and analysis codes. Typically, the numerical output from one simulation run is so large that conventional output media are ineffective. The time-variable medium of motion picture film is required to organize the results into a form that can be readily interpreted. But even this medium cannot always convey all of the information needed. Only a limited number of variables can be distinctly represented before the various representations begin to obscure or obliterate each other. Furthermore, the data presented usually must include a significant amount of explanatory material such as scaling factors, representation keys, and other interpretive aids. If a film is to have long-term usefulness to a number of people, this information must either be included on the film or in a separate writeup that accompanies the film.","PeriodicalId":262093,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '72 (Fall, part I)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127863721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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