In this paper, we describe research in which visualization of the semantic relevance of queries is examined with younger and older adults when they reformulate their queries. Feedback on the semantic relevance of search queries and search results increased the semantic relevance of search queries as they reformulated for younger as well as for older adults and this applies to more difficult search problems.
{"title":"Feedback on the Semantic Relevance of Search Queries","authors":"H. Oostendorp, Tijs Ditvoorst, J. V. Doorn","doi":"10.1145/3232078.3232087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3232078.3232087","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we describe research in which visualization of the semantic relevance of queries is examined with younger and older adults when they reformulate their queries. Feedback on the semantic relevance of search queries and search results increased the semantic relevance of search queries as they reformulated for younger as well as for older adults and this applies to more difficult search problems.","PeriodicalId":263115,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 36th European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114190698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Caraban, Sara Tranquada, Stephanie Liao, Greicy Ks, J. Schöning, Pedro Campos
In recent years, the growth of the travel industry has been astounding. Yet, it is still not easy for an individual to have a meaningful travel experience even, so vast amounts of information are available on the web. As an attempt to support travel decisionmaking and improve visitor's experience, we designed Where2. Where2 is a location-based mobile app that highlights Points of Interest (POI) customized to tourist's travel- related attributes (e.g. the length of their stay). POIs are in-situ recommendations proposed as "Ghost Paths" journeys - the idea that you can follow a prior tourist shoes to explore the city. We generate "Ghost Paths" journeys by using a non-intrusive positioning system that captures prior tourists' Wi-Fi signal and detect their journeys across the city. With this system our goal is to support visitors with their travel decisions and nudge them towards optimal journey choices that maximize their utilities.
{"title":"Where2","authors":"A. Caraban, Sara Tranquada, Stephanie Liao, Greicy Ks, J. Schöning, Pedro Campos","doi":"10.1145/3232078.3232097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3232078.3232097","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the growth of the travel industry has been astounding. Yet, it is still not easy for an individual to have a meaningful travel experience even, so vast amounts of information are available on the web. As an attempt to support travel decisionmaking and improve visitor's experience, we designed Where2. Where2 is a location-based mobile app that highlights Points of Interest (POI) customized to tourist's travel- related attributes (e.g. the length of their stay). POIs are in-situ recommendations proposed as \"Ghost Paths\" journeys - the idea that you can follow a prior tourist shoes to explore the city. We generate \"Ghost Paths\" journeys by using a non-intrusive positioning system that captures prior tourists' Wi-Fi signal and detect their journeys across the city. With this system our goal is to support visitors with their travel decisions and nudge them towards optimal journey choices that maximize their utilities.","PeriodicalId":263115,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 36th European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129118448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Developing Industry 4.0 applications is a complex endeavor, as it requires adjusting several relevant perspectives and items throughout design. RAMI4.0 has been introduced to facilitate Industry 4.0 developments. It puts items from three different development dimensions in mutual context. Some items are standardized due to existing technical standards, business-oriented ones depend on the development case at hand. Case-sensitive adjustment includes resolving inconsistencies and overcoming coherence deficits. We propose scaffolding to structure and thus, facilitate design of Industry 4.0 applications based on RAMI4.0. It visualizes static and dynamic development entities for guiding the connection of RAMI4.0 elements on various levels of granularity. We exemplify our approach using a common Industry 4.0 demonstrator, "MyJoghurt". It provides evidence of supportive guidance for developers when exploring RAMI4.0 through engaging scaffolds.
{"title":"Scaffolding RAMI4.0-Exploration as Design Support","authors":"Claudia Kaar, Josef Frysak, C. Stary","doi":"10.1145/3232078.3232098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3232078.3232098","url":null,"abstract":"Developing Industry 4.0 applications is a complex endeavor, as it requires adjusting several relevant perspectives and items throughout design. RAMI4.0 has been introduced to facilitate Industry 4.0 developments. It puts items from three different development dimensions in mutual context. Some items are standardized due to existing technical standards, business-oriented ones depend on the development case at hand. Case-sensitive adjustment includes resolving inconsistencies and overcoming coherence deficits. We propose scaffolding to structure and thus, facilitate design of Industry 4.0 applications based on RAMI4.0. It visualizes static and dynamic development entities for guiding the connection of RAMI4.0 elements on various levels of granularity. We exemplify our approach using a common Industry 4.0 demonstrator, \"MyJoghurt\". It provides evidence of supportive guidance for developers when exploring RAMI4.0 through engaging scaffolds.","PeriodicalId":263115,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 36th European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126200444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reflective practice is needed for a balanced integration of new learning and teaching approaches in higher education. However, it often remains unacknowledged or is even seen as too expensive. The paper presents a case study, which demonstrates a successful application of two methods for collective reflective activity. Indirect collective allo-confrontation and exploratory prototyping supported a group of teachers in software engineering in reflecting on students' modeling sessions with a multi-touch editor and on teaching object-oriented modeling in general. Both methods supported each other in a constructive manner and allowed teachers to have a reflective and experimental stance towards their work.
{"title":"A Case Study on Supporting Teachers' Collective Reflection in Higher Education: Reflection on Modeling Sessions in Software Engineering Education","authors":"Anke Dittmar, P. Forbrig","doi":"10.1145/3232078.3232088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3232078.3232088","url":null,"abstract":"Reflective practice is needed for a balanced integration of new learning and teaching approaches in higher education. However, it often remains unacknowledged or is even seen as too expensive. The paper presents a case study, which demonstrates a successful application of two methods for collective reflective activity. Indirect collective allo-confrontation and exploratory prototyping supported a group of teachers in software engineering in reflecting on students' modeling sessions with a multi-touch editor and on teaching object-oriented modeling in general. Both methods supported each other in a constructive manner and allowed teachers to have a reflective and experimental stance towards their work.","PeriodicalId":263115,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 36th European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126561161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Progression bars and spinners have long been the norm when providing feedback during wait times on the web. However, a more recent trend is the use of skeleton screens. This paper aims to evaluate the usefulness of skeleton screens as an alternative to spinners. This is done user testing a fictional news site with two variations, one showing skeleton screens before content is loaded, and another utilizing spinners. Both a questionnaire and measuring timing while finding a specified article when entering a website for the first time was used. The results show that the page using skeleton screens, scored higher on average on both perceived speed and ease of navigation. However, people using the page with spinners were faster at finding the article when entering the site for the first time. The results of this paper cannot show any significant differences in any of the comparisons between the web pages.
{"title":"The effect of skeleton screens: Users' perception of speed and ease of navigation","authors":"Thomas Mejtoft, Arvid Långström, Ulrik Söderström","doi":"10.1145/3232078.3232086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3232078.3232086","url":null,"abstract":"Progression bars and spinners have long been the norm when providing feedback during wait times on the web. However, a more recent trend is the use of skeleton screens. This paper aims to evaluate the usefulness of skeleton screens as an alternative to spinners. This is done user testing a fictional news site with two variations, one showing skeleton screens before content is loaded, and another utilizing spinners. Both a questionnaire and measuring timing while finding a specified article when entering a website for the first time was used. The results show that the page using skeleton screens, scored higher on average on both perceived speed and ease of navigation. However, people using the page with spinners were faster at finding the article when entering the site for the first time. The results of this paper cannot show any significant differences in any of the comparisons between the web pages.","PeriodicalId":263115,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 36th European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126071916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although digital interactive technology offers innovative, scarcely explored types of instruction, conventional analog paper booklets remain the main instruction format for children's construction play. We examined how a fan-built, digital interactive instructions prototype affected children's construction play compared to an analog booklet. We studied two LEGO building tasks among 20 eight-nine year-old boys. Ten used the prototype on an iPad, 10 the booklet. Using a quasi-experimental research design built on cognitive load theory, we found notable differences in the two construction play processes. Participants with the analog booklet had a faster, more fluent process, while the digital prototype group was more often distracted and seeking help. We propose basic design recommendations for digital interactive instructions for children's construction play, i.e., include a rotational feature, animations, pace control, few buttons, and realistic colors.
{"title":"Designing Digital Interactive Instructions for Children's Construction Play","authors":"A. L. Christensen, M. M. Biskjaer","doi":"10.1145/3232078.3232079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3232078.3232079","url":null,"abstract":"Although digital interactive technology offers innovative, scarcely explored types of instruction, conventional analog paper booklets remain the main instruction format for children's construction play. We examined how a fan-built, digital interactive instructions prototype affected children's construction play compared to an analog booklet. We studied two LEGO building tasks among 20 eight-nine year-old boys. Ten used the prototype on an iPad, 10 the booklet. Using a quasi-experimental research design built on cognitive load theory, we found notable differences in the two construction play processes. Participants with the analog booklet had a faster, more fluent process, while the digital prototype group was more often distracted and seeking help. We propose basic design recommendations for digital interactive instructions for children's construction play, i.e., include a rotational feature, animations, pace control, few buttons, and realistic colors.","PeriodicalId":263115,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 36th European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115279831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A human operator monitoring a safety-critical system has to gather information fast and accurate to detect problems and execute countermeasures in time. So far testing such HMIs is a complex task, since it requires HMI design prototypes embedded into simulated environments to perform tests with professional operators. We propose Konect Value, a heuristic to estimate the relative perception accuracy and operator reaction time already in the HMI design phase. The model-based estimation heuristic solely requires a task model and HMI design sketches as an input. The evaluation metric was applied to seven different HMIs, which were designed by Human Factor experts to support truck platooning. A comparison of the estimated accuracy and reaction times of Konect Value to a lab study (n=33) revealed high correlations for the relative reaction time (r=0.83, p<0.05) and also the relative perception accuracy (r=-0.90, p<0.01). This indicates that Konect Value is a promising heuristic for early HMI design evaluation in the safety-critical system domain.
{"title":"A Heuristic for relative Perception Accuracy and Reaction Time Estimation for HMI Designs","authors":"Marie-Christin Harre, S. Feuerstack","doi":"10.1145/3232078.3232089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3232078.3232089","url":null,"abstract":"A human operator monitoring a safety-critical system has to gather information fast and accurate to detect problems and execute countermeasures in time. So far testing such HMIs is a complex task, since it requires HMI design prototypes embedded into simulated environments to perform tests with professional operators. We propose Konect Value, a heuristic to estimate the relative perception accuracy and operator reaction time already in the HMI design phase. The model-based estimation heuristic solely requires a task model and HMI design sketches as an input. The evaluation metric was applied to seven different HMIs, which were designed by Human Factor experts to support truck platooning. A comparison of the estimated accuracy and reaction times of Konect Value to a lab study (n=33) revealed high correlations for the relative reaction time (r=0.83, p<0.05) and also the relative perception accuracy (r=-0.90, p<0.01). This indicates that Konect Value is a promising heuristic for early HMI design evaluation in the safety-critical system domain.","PeriodicalId":263115,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 36th European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121802821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Large amounts of information are nowadays easily obtainable using the Internet, and using implicit feedback whether a reader finds a text interesting is desirable. Eye-tracking technology could be used for such a feedback, and a combination of eye-movement features and a textual complexity measure can be used to predict the user's interest. In this paper we give an overview of a platform developed to evaluate and visualize implicit feedback of a person who reads a text. Based on the eye-movement samples provided, a model is trained that could be used to predict comprehensibility of a user reading a text. This prediction is combined with objective complexity evaluation of the text using data mining methods, and the outcome is used to select a text (from a repository) that a user may find more valuable (interesting). We briefly discuss the requirements, architecture and implementation of this platform.
{"title":"Platform for Evaluation of Readers' Implicit Feedback using Eye-Tracking","authors":"Miroslav Zivkovic, E. V. D. Broek, F. V. D. Sluis","doi":"10.1145/3232078.3232099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3232078.3232099","url":null,"abstract":"Large amounts of information are nowadays easily obtainable using the Internet, and using implicit feedback whether a reader finds a text interesting is desirable. Eye-tracking technology could be used for such a feedback, and a combination of eye-movement features and a textual complexity measure can be used to predict the user's interest. In this paper we give an overview of a platform developed to evaluate and visualize implicit feedback of a person who reads a text. Based on the eye-movement samples provided, a model is trained that could be used to predict comprehensibility of a user reading a text. This prediction is combined with objective complexity evaluation of the text using data mining methods, and the outcome is used to select a text (from a repository) that a user may find more valuable (interesting). We briefly discuss the requirements, architecture and implementation of this platform.","PeriodicalId":263115,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 36th European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128594139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent progress in Artificial Intelligence, sensing and network technology, robotics, and (cloud) computing has enabled the development of intelligent autonomous machine systems. Telling such autonomous systems "what to do" in a responsible way, is a non-trivial task. For intelligent autonomous machines to function in human society and collaborate with humans, we see three challenges ahead affecting meaningful control of autonomous systems. First, autonomous machines are not yet capable of handling failures and unexpected situations. Providing procedures for all possible failures and situations is unfeasible because the state-action space would explode. Machines should therefore become self-aware (self-assessment, self-management) enabling them to handle unexpected situations when they arise. This is a challenge for the computer science community. Second, in order to keep (meaningful) control, humans come into a new role of providing intelligent autonomous machines with objectives or goal functions (including rules, norms, constraints and moral values), specifying the utility of every possible outcome of actions of autonomous machines. Third, in order to be able to collaborate with humans, autonomous systems will require an understanding of (us) humans (i.e., our social, cognitive, affective and physical behaviors) and the ability to engage in partnership interactions (such as explanations of task performances, and the establishment of joint goals and work agreements). These are new challenges for the cognitive ergonomics community.
{"title":"Telling autonomous systems what to do","authors":"P. Werkhoven, L. Kester, Mark Antonius Neerincx","doi":"10.1145/3232078.3232238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3232078.3232238","url":null,"abstract":"Recent progress in Artificial Intelligence, sensing and network technology, robotics, and (cloud) computing has enabled the development of intelligent autonomous machine systems. Telling such autonomous systems \"what to do\" in a responsible way, is a non-trivial task. For intelligent autonomous machines to function in human society and collaborate with humans, we see three challenges ahead affecting meaningful control of autonomous systems. First, autonomous machines are not yet capable of handling failures and unexpected situations. Providing procedures for all possible failures and situations is unfeasible because the state-action space would explode. Machines should therefore become self-aware (self-assessment, self-management) enabling them to handle unexpected situations when they arise. This is a challenge for the computer science community. Second, in order to keep (meaningful) control, humans come into a new role of providing intelligent autonomous machines with objectives or goal functions (including rules, norms, constraints and moral values), specifying the utility of every possible outcome of actions of autonomous machines. Third, in order to be able to collaborate with humans, autonomous systems will require an understanding of (us) humans (i.e., our social, cognitive, affective and physical behaviors) and the ability to engage in partnership interactions (such as explanations of task performances, and the establishment of joint goals and work agreements). These are new challenges for the cognitive ergonomics community.","PeriodicalId":263115,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 36th European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128714805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. V. D. Sluis, E. V. D. Broek, A. Drunen, J. Beerends
Available bandwidth is still a limiting factor for mobile communication applications. Multisensory communication has already been identified as an possibility to moderate this limitation. One of the strengths of mobile communication lies in its combination of visual and auditory modalities. However, one of the most salient features of mobile devices have are their small screen size. This paper explores how the potential for multimodal synergy relates to the small screen size. In an experiment with 54 participants, the intelligibility was tested using a standardized video-listening test. The videos had a signal-to-noise ratio of -9dB and were presented on three different screen sizes, whilst keeping the video and auditory signals equal. Intelligibility was found to be significantly higher when using a large screen in comparison to using either of both smaller screens. We conclude that multisensory synergy is key to mobile applications, yet that screen size is a substantial constraint to this synergy. We argue that knowledge about human sensory processing can alleviate this constraint and maximize the potential quality of service of mobile video technology.
{"title":"Mobile Screen Size Limits Multimodal Synergy","authors":"F. V. D. Sluis, E. V. D. Broek, A. Drunen, J. Beerends","doi":"10.1145/3232078.3232101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3232078.3232101","url":null,"abstract":"Available bandwidth is still a limiting factor for mobile communication applications. Multisensory communication has already been identified as an possibility to moderate this limitation. One of the strengths of mobile communication lies in its combination of visual and auditory modalities. However, one of the most salient features of mobile devices have are their small screen size. This paper explores how the potential for multimodal synergy relates to the small screen size. In an experiment with 54 participants, the intelligibility was tested using a standardized video-listening test. The videos had a signal-to-noise ratio of -9dB and were presented on three different screen sizes, whilst keeping the video and auditory signals equal. Intelligibility was found to be significantly higher when using a large screen in comparison to using either of both smaller screens. We conclude that multisensory synergy is key to mobile applications, yet that screen size is a substantial constraint to this synergy. We argue that knowledge about human sensory processing can alleviate this constraint and maximize the potential quality of service of mobile video technology.","PeriodicalId":263115,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 36th European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114084866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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