Pub Date : 1990-10-21DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1990.171299
K. Harada, G. Zhao, H. Tsuruyama, F. Tominaga
A solar energy system using Van Allen's multivibrator and an AC triport is presented. The triport's unique features are its parallel processing of commercial AC line power and of power derived from solar cells through an inverter, its independence of DC input port power and its inherent high efficiency. Therefore, the triport system can not only balance the source and load power flow and regulate the AC output voltage automatically, but also has high efficiency, high reliability and low cost with large capacity. Furthermore, another system using a PWM (pulse width modulation) inverter is presented to reduce the size of the oscillator. The AC output voltage is also regulated by changing the duty ratio of the PWM signal. A previously presented optimization method is used in these two systems to derive the maximum solar power. Its simplicity and accuracy are verified in both systems.<>
{"title":"Optimum power control of the solar energy system including Van Allen's multivibrator and triport","authors":"K. Harada, G. Zhao, H. Tsuruyama, F. Tominaga","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1990.171299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1990.171299","url":null,"abstract":"A solar energy system using Van Allen's multivibrator and an AC triport is presented. The triport's unique features are its parallel processing of commercial AC line power and of power derived from solar cells through an inverter, its independence of DC input port power and its inherent high efficiency. Therefore, the triport system can not only balance the source and load power flow and regulate the AC output voltage automatically, but also has high efficiency, high reliability and low cost with large capacity. Furthermore, another system using a PWM (pulse width modulation) inverter is presented to reduce the size of the oscillator. The AC output voltage is also regulated by changing the duty ratio of the PWM signal. A previously presented optimization method is used in these two systems to derive the maximum solar power. Its simplicity and accuracy are verified in both systems.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":264940,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Telecommunications Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130500967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-10-21DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1990.171291
D. McMenamin
Thermographic analysis is a cost-effective addition to the maintenance engineer's toolbox. Modern infrared imaging systems are capable of determining the temperature of surfaces which cannot easily be touched because they are carrying lethal voltages. Additionally, they are so much faster than a thermometer, that they lend themselves to the study of low voltage equipment also. The author covers some of the ways in which thermographic imaging was used by Bell Atlantic Corporation in eastern Pennsylvania. It is used effectively to uncover potential problems, as well as to reduce maintenance costs.<>
{"title":"Thermographic analysis of the central office power plant-a tool for the maintenance engineer","authors":"D. McMenamin","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1990.171291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1990.171291","url":null,"abstract":"Thermographic analysis is a cost-effective addition to the maintenance engineer's toolbox. Modern infrared imaging systems are capable of determining the temperature of surfaces which cannot easily be touched because they are carrying lethal voltages. Additionally, they are so much faster than a thermometer, that they lend themselves to the study of low voltage equipment also. The author covers some of the ways in which thermographic imaging was used by Bell Atlantic Corporation in eastern Pennsylvania. It is used effectively to uncover potential problems, as well as to reduce maintenance costs.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":264940,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Telecommunications Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127867625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-10-21DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1990.171272
M. Bushue
Power sources for remotely located electronics used in fiber optic public network distribution loops are considered. The author describes the selection process, presents the compared data, and analyzes the merits of today's battery technologies suitable for this application. The types of battery technologies compared are lead acid, nickel cadmium, and nickel hydrogen. The evaluation parameters used for the selection process include size, life cycle costs, capacity, voltage, and discharge characteristics, all of which are evaluated for performance from -40 degrees C to +65 degrees C. The life cycle costs include operations and maintenance incurred during a 20 year life.<>
{"title":"Results of battery selection process performed for FTTC applications","authors":"M. Bushue","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1990.171272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1990.171272","url":null,"abstract":"Power sources for remotely located electronics used in fiber optic public network distribution loops are considered. The author describes the selection process, presents the compared data, and analyzes the merits of today's battery technologies suitable for this application. The types of battery technologies compared are lead acid, nickel cadmium, and nickel hydrogen. The evaluation parameters used for the selection process include size, life cycle costs, capacity, voltage, and discharge characteristics, all of which are evaluated for performance from -40 degrees C to +65 degrees C. The life cycle costs include operations and maintenance incurred during a 20 year life.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":264940,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Telecommunications Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131328451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-10-21DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1990.171238
M. Wolpow
A 3000 A three-terminal voltage regulator and switch designed to maintain a constant voltage to the bus in the event of utility power failure is described. It allows for the connection of unequal battery strings. For example, a 27-cell string, in series with this regulator, can be paralleled with the standard 24-string plant. The advantage of this configuration is derived from the higher voltage source available (typically 59 volts from a 27-string plant). This level can easily sustain 52.2+or-0.05 volts at the bus for extended time periods, should utility power fail.<>
{"title":"The 3000 amp adjustable voltage regulator and switch","authors":"M. Wolpow","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1990.171238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1990.171238","url":null,"abstract":"A 3000 A three-terminal voltage regulator and switch designed to maintain a constant voltage to the bus in the event of utility power failure is described. It allows for the connection of unequal battery strings. For example, a 27-cell string, in series with this regulator, can be paralleled with the standard 24-string plant. The advantage of this configuration is derived from the higher voltage source available (typically 59 volts from a 27-string plant). This level can easily sustain 52.2+or-0.05 volts at the bus for extended time periods, should utility power fail.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":264940,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Telecommunications Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125390459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-10-21DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1990.171256
J. Hadfield
A practical and effective method of testing lead-acid batteries for post-seal and jar-to-cover seal leakage has been developed. The author describes the developmental work, the electrochemistry of voltaic cells, and a formal procedure for a corrective maintenance program.<>
{"title":"Testing for post seal leakage and jar-to-cover seal leakage in stationary lead acid batteries","authors":"J. Hadfield","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1990.171256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1990.171256","url":null,"abstract":"A practical and effective method of testing lead-acid batteries for post-seal and jar-to-cover seal leakage has been developed. The author describes the developmental work, the electrochemistry of voltaic cells, and a formal procedure for a corrective maintenance program.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":264940,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Telecommunications Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126769900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-10-21DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1990.171250
A. Harrison, R. P. Bullough
The float voltage of a cell, in comparison to the average float voltages of the cells within a battery string, is conventionally used as an indication of the 'state of the health' of a particular cell. There is merit in this approach with respect to conventional cells with flooded electrolyte, but the concept appears to be inappropriate to valve regulated recombination type cells. Evidence to support this view is given. The authors also hold that there is no relation between the top of charge voltage value (TCV) of a valve regulated recombination (VRR) cell and its subsequent discharge capacity. Selection of VRR cells on a capacity basis is not appropriate to achieve a narrow band of cell TCVs. A method is proposed where by using narrow range regulation of the float voltages applied to VRR cells the recommended float voltage for powersafe cells could be reduced from 2.27 to 2.25 V per cell.<>
{"title":"Float voltage characteristics of valve regulated lead-acid batteries","authors":"A. Harrison, R. P. Bullough","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1990.171250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1990.171250","url":null,"abstract":"The float voltage of a cell, in comparison to the average float voltages of the cells within a battery string, is conventionally used as an indication of the 'state of the health' of a particular cell. There is merit in this approach with respect to conventional cells with flooded electrolyte, but the concept appears to be inappropriate to valve regulated recombination type cells. Evidence to support this view is given. The authors also hold that there is no relation between the top of charge voltage value (TCV) of a valve regulated recombination (VRR) cell and its subsequent discharge capacity. Selection of VRR cells on a capacity basis is not appropriate to achieve a narrow band of cell TCVs. A method is proposed where by using narrow range regulation of the float voltages applied to VRR cells the recommended float voltage for powersafe cells could be reduced from 2.27 to 2.25 V per cell.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":264940,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Telecommunications Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116154031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-10-21DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1990.171275
C. Amenta, A. Caibis, A. Valenti
ITALTEL has developed the microprocessor control and supervision (mCS) device as a part of the overall project to create a monitoring and control system for power plants. This is a microprocessor device which monitors and diagnoses the plant under its control and can also dialogue with a supervision center, exchanging messages relating to measurements, alarm threshold variations, transmission of diagnostic reports, and so on. The advantages offered by the application of such a device can also be made available to other types of power generating systems, such as rectifiers, inverters, generator units, and so on. To achieve this, the device hardware has been organized as three units, two of which are standard, with the third being modifiable to suit the particular application. A more sophisticated program has been implemented, with interactive application modules and an operating system with general functions, so as to simplify future expansion. The modules access a single database which is tailored to the specific application.<>
{"title":"An experiment in standardizing software for a monitoring and control device for power stations","authors":"C. Amenta, A. Caibis, A. Valenti","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1990.171275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1990.171275","url":null,"abstract":"ITALTEL has developed the microprocessor control and supervision (mCS) device as a part of the overall project to create a monitoring and control system for power plants. This is a microprocessor device which monitors and diagnoses the plant under its control and can also dialogue with a supervision center, exchanging messages relating to measurements, alarm threshold variations, transmission of diagnostic reports, and so on. The advantages offered by the application of such a device can also be made available to other types of power generating systems, such as rectifiers, inverters, generator units, and so on. To achieve this, the device hardware has been organized as three units, two of which are standard, with the third being modifiable to suit the particular application. A more sophisticated program has been implemented, with interactive application modules and an operating system with general functions, so as to simplify future expansion. The modules access a single database which is tailored to the specific application.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":264940,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Telecommunications Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128109513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-10-21DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1990.171286
I. Sajfar, M. Malarić, R. P. Bullough
As the internal resistance (R/sub i/) of a battery directly influences the battery voltage drop, R/sub i/ is regarded as a key parameter in the design of high-ohmic distribution systems with transient limitation. Different methods of R/sub i/ measurement supply different results, especially those obtained in different states of discharge. For the project engineering of high-ohmic distribution systems with transient limitation the method of R/sub i/ measurement with short circuit current limitation is decisive. The measurement method is recommended which provides the best results for a high-ohmic distribution with transient limitation, and the results are confirmed by measurements performed in the power supply circuit interrupted by a fuse. The dependence of internal resistance on the state of charge of the battery obtained by various methods is discussed.<>
{"title":"Sealed batteries in transient limiting distribution networks-methods of measuring their internal resistance","authors":"I. Sajfar, M. Malarić, R. P. Bullough","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1990.171286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1990.171286","url":null,"abstract":"As the internal resistance (R/sub i/) of a battery directly influences the battery voltage drop, R/sub i/ is regarded as a key parameter in the design of high-ohmic distribution systems with transient limitation. Different methods of R/sub i/ measurement supply different results, especially those obtained in different states of discharge. For the project engineering of high-ohmic distribution systems with transient limitation the method of R/sub i/ measurement with short circuit current limitation is decisive. The measurement method is recommended which provides the best results for a high-ohmic distribution with transient limitation, and the results are confirmed by measurements performed in the power supply circuit interrupted by a fuse. The dependence of internal resistance on the state of charge of the battery obtained by various methods is discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":264940,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Telecommunications Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132821182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-10-21DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1990.171271
P. Hodgson, M. Heath
The tests carried out by British Telecom (BT) on the aluminum-air battery with regard to using the battery in a standby power system are described. The background to BT's interest in the aluminium-air battery is outlined along with the design considerations of a prototype power system to be installed in the switching network. The need for an interfacing DC/DC converter between the battery and the equipment is described, and the converter's novel features and operation are explained.<>
{"title":"Interfacing the aluminium-air battery with telecommunications equipment","authors":"P. Hodgson, M. Heath","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1990.171271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1990.171271","url":null,"abstract":"The tests carried out by British Telecom (BT) on the aluminum-air battery with regard to using the battery in a standby power system are described. The background to BT's interest in the aluminium-air battery is outlined along with the design considerations of a prototype power system to be installed in the switching network. The need for an interfacing DC/DC converter between the battery and the equipment is described, and the converter's novel features and operation are explained.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":264940,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Telecommunications Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134320757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-10-21DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1990.171248
B. Forsman, H. Zirath
An efficient heat absorption system for telecommunication equipment cooling is proposed. It is achieved by using water-carrying cooling coils integrated in a false ceiling designed for optimal utilization of the coils, called a climate ceiling. The heat is transferred to the water of the cooling coils by natural convection. The parameters involved in optimizing the efficiency of cooling coils integrated in a false ceiling with a chimney effect are presented. The development stages which have led to the present design of the climate ceiling are described.<>
{"title":"Heat absorption in telephone exchanges through an optimized climate ceiling","authors":"B. Forsman, H. Zirath","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1990.171248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1990.171248","url":null,"abstract":"An efficient heat absorption system for telecommunication equipment cooling is proposed. It is achieved by using water-carrying cooling coils integrated in a false ceiling designed for optimal utilization of the coils, called a climate ceiling. The heat is transferred to the water of the cooling coils by natural convection. The parameters involved in optimizing the efficiency of cooling coils integrated in a false ceiling with a chimney effect are presented. The development stages which have led to the present design of the climate ceiling are described.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":264940,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Telecommunications Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115740693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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