Pub Date : 2021-10-18DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.202113121
J. Paffenholz, A. Goertz
Summary In order to limit the global warming of the planet to below 2o C, models show that net-zero release of anthropomorphic CO2 must be achieved by the mid-century. Since for the foreseeable future the most of the world’s energy will still be provided by fossil fuels, other methods besides expanding the contribution of renewable energy are called for. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Carbon (short for carbon dioxide) Capture and Sequestration (CCS) is one such method. To achieve this climate goal current CCS efforts must increase by approximately 100-fold within the next 20 years. Geophysical simulations on suitable geologic models will provide an important tool to streamline and accelerate the vast expansion of site characterization and long term monitoring tasks to ensure the success of such large-scale CCS application.
{"title":"The Critical Role of Geophysical Simulations in Enhanced Carbon Storage","authors":"J. Paffenholz, A. Goertz","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.202113121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202113121","url":null,"abstract":"Summary In order to limit the global warming of the planet to below 2o C, models show that net-zero release of anthropomorphic CO2 must be achieved by the mid-century. Since for the foreseeable future the most of the world’s energy will still be provided by fossil fuels, other methods besides expanding the contribution of renewable energy are called for. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Carbon (short for carbon dioxide) Capture and Sequestration (CCS) is one such method. To achieve this climate goal current CCS efforts must increase by approximately 100-fold within the next 20 years. Geophysical simulations on suitable geologic models will provide an important tool to streamline and accelerate the vast expansion of site characterization and long term monitoring tasks to ensure the success of such large-scale CCS application.","PeriodicalId":265130,"journal":{"name":"82nd EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114503079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-18DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.202113201
C. Sun, V. Demyanov, D. Arnold
Summary This work shows the advantages and disadvantages of modelling complex geological models using generative adversarial networks (GAN). A process-based model, FLUMY, is used to create the training dataset. Compared to previous work in this area, this dataset contains varied geo-body geometry, asymmetrical channel sinuosity and irregular meander morphology. In short, this training dataset is closer to the real complexity of fluvial reservoir. The results indicate our GAN can capture complex multi-facies distribution, their relationships, and facies geometry. However, the GAN generated realizations contain many geologically unrealistic features. In this paper, we list two types of unrealistic features, named 'mislabelling' and 'incorrect channel-levee relationship'. Two proposed methods are proved that they can reduce the amount of the unrealistic features. Embedding one-hot encoder in GAN can cure the 'mislabelling' issue. Multi-discriminator strategy is helpful to assist GAN to learn spatial relationships among different facies better.
{"title":"GAN learning complex fluvial facies distribution from process-based modelling","authors":"C. Sun, V. Demyanov, D. Arnold","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.202113201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202113201","url":null,"abstract":"Summary This work shows the advantages and disadvantages of modelling complex geological models using generative adversarial networks (GAN). A process-based model, FLUMY, is used to create the training dataset. Compared to previous work in this area, this dataset contains varied geo-body geometry, asymmetrical channel sinuosity and irregular meander morphology. In short, this training dataset is closer to the real complexity of fluvial reservoir. The results indicate our GAN can capture complex multi-facies distribution, their relationships, and facies geometry. However, the GAN generated realizations contain many geologically unrealistic features. In this paper, we list two types of unrealistic features, named 'mislabelling' and 'incorrect channel-levee relationship'. Two proposed methods are proved that they can reduce the amount of the unrealistic features. Embedding one-hot encoder in GAN can cure the 'mislabelling' issue. Multi-discriminator strategy is helpful to assist GAN to learn spatial relationships among different facies better.","PeriodicalId":265130,"journal":{"name":"82nd EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121867771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-18DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.202113202
A. JafarGandomi, S. Grion
Summary We discuss an effective and flexible approach to synthetic data modelling for marine vibrators that does not require modifications to existing modelling programs. The proposed approach uses un-aliased synthetic impulsive source data as input and provides the opportunity to incorporate acquisition related and environmental effects such as the sea-surface ghost and the motion of the source. The un-aliased nature of input synthetic data allows the reconstruction of the wavefield at desired spatial locations and its redatuming. In this paper we describe details of the modelling approach used and present examples of incorporating ghost and source motion effects. We also demonstrate the generation of data with omnidirectional and directional sweeps.
{"title":"Modelling of marine vibrator data","authors":"A. JafarGandomi, S. Grion","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.202113202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202113202","url":null,"abstract":"Summary We discuss an effective and flexible approach to synthetic data modelling for marine vibrators that does not require modifications to existing modelling programs. The proposed approach uses un-aliased synthetic impulsive source data as input and provides the opportunity to incorporate acquisition related and environmental effects such as the sea-surface ghost and the motion of the source. The un-aliased nature of input synthetic data allows the reconstruction of the wavefield at desired spatial locations and its redatuming. In this paper we describe details of the modelling approach used and present examples of incorporating ghost and source motion effects. We also demonstrate the generation of data with omnidirectional and directional sweeps.","PeriodicalId":265130,"journal":{"name":"82nd EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition","volume":"117 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120823719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-18DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.202010610
P. Zhang, L. Han, F. Zhang, R. Chen, Zhen Xu, D. Wang
Summary The elastic full waveform inversion (FWI) can use the recorded multi-component seismic data to construct high-precision multi-parameter models of the subsurface media such as P- and S-wave velocity models. However, due to the reasons such as data quality and algorithm limitations, there are still many problems in the promotion and application of elastic FWI method. Aiming at alleviating the influence of low-frequency data absence on the inversion results, we propose a robust elastic FWI method based on the n-th power operation. The n-th power of the seismic data can compress the time-domain waveform and expand its frequency-band. The FWI objective function constructed using the n-th power wavefields shows better convexity. By successively lowering the power during the inversion, we can realize a new multiscale FWI strategy, which is also a data-domain layer-stripping strategy. Seismic data will be more sensitive to the source wavelet errors after the n-th power operation. To mitigate this problem, we propose a robust objective function for elastic FWI using the n-th power operation and the convolved wavefields. Finally, the validity of the method is verified by numerical examples.
{"title":"Robust Elastic Full Waveform Inversion Based on N-th Power Operation and Convolved Wavefields","authors":"P. Zhang, L. Han, F. Zhang, R. Chen, Zhen Xu, D. Wang","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.202010610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202010610","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The elastic full waveform inversion (FWI) can use the recorded multi-component seismic data to construct high-precision multi-parameter models of the subsurface media such as P- and S-wave velocity models. However, due to the reasons such as data quality and algorithm limitations, there are still many problems in the promotion and application of elastic FWI method. Aiming at alleviating the influence of low-frequency data absence on the inversion results, we propose a robust elastic FWI method based on the n-th power operation. The n-th power of the seismic data can compress the time-domain waveform and expand its frequency-band. The FWI objective function constructed using the n-th power wavefields shows better convexity. By successively lowering the power during the inversion, we can realize a new multiscale FWI strategy, which is also a data-domain layer-stripping strategy. Seismic data will be more sensitive to the source wavelet errors after the n-th power operation. To mitigate this problem, we propose a robust objective function for elastic FWI using the n-th power operation and the convolved wavefields. Finally, the validity of the method is verified by numerical examples.","PeriodicalId":265130,"journal":{"name":"82nd EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126489073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-18DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.202113149
S. Patruno, A. Green, D. Caldarella, V. Scisciani, J. Corcoran, M. Nuzzo, M. Przywara, G. Gillott
Summary A potential carbon capture and storage (CCS) fill-and-spill mega-fairway is here identified in UKCS Quadrants 43-44, by combining regional wellbore data with 3D seismic interpretation and migration modelling. In the study area, the Triassic Bunter Sandstone reservoir shows consistent thicknesses (90-216 m) and prospective core-based porosities and permeabilities (11-28%, 9-669 mD). A connected reservoir is suggested regionally from consistent, near-hydrostatic aquifer pressure gradients (~0.51 psi/ft) and leakage is mitigated through a thick, laterally-effective top seal. Structural closures in the area are generally less than the CO2 column heights necessary to breach the seal. At least eleven mapped closures are shown to link together into the proposed regional fill-and-spill “Silverpit CCS Fairway”. If filled to spill, these traps could cumulatively host up to 7.9 Gt of CO2, three times that of the proposed Endurance CCS Field. Through management of the injection and fill-spill strategy, this fairway could be future-proofed in relation to CO2 spill hazards, whilst possibly requiring less ‘injector hubs’ to fill the traps. Migration spill-point modelling along the fairway may also inform the placement of permanent, cost-effective multi-physics seabed system for leakage and migration monitoring. Exploiting fill-and-spill fairways for CCS is a new concept with vast potential applicability globally.
{"title":"A fill-and-spill CCS mega-fairway in the Southern North Sea: a new concept to optimise CO2 storage","authors":"S. Patruno, A. Green, D. Caldarella, V. Scisciani, J. Corcoran, M. Nuzzo, M. Przywara, G. Gillott","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.202113149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202113149","url":null,"abstract":"Summary A potential carbon capture and storage (CCS) fill-and-spill mega-fairway is here identified in UKCS Quadrants 43-44, by combining regional wellbore data with 3D seismic interpretation and migration modelling. In the study area, the Triassic Bunter Sandstone reservoir shows consistent thicknesses (90-216 m) and prospective core-based porosities and permeabilities (11-28%, 9-669 mD). A connected reservoir is suggested regionally from consistent, near-hydrostatic aquifer pressure gradients (~0.51 psi/ft) and leakage is mitigated through a thick, laterally-effective top seal. Structural closures in the area are generally less than the CO2 column heights necessary to breach the seal. At least eleven mapped closures are shown to link together into the proposed regional fill-and-spill “Silverpit CCS Fairway”. If filled to spill, these traps could cumulatively host up to 7.9 Gt of CO2, three times that of the proposed Endurance CCS Field. Through management of the injection and fill-spill strategy, this fairway could be future-proofed in relation to CO2 spill hazards, whilst possibly requiring less ‘injector hubs’ to fill the traps. Migration spill-point modelling along the fairway may also inform the placement of permanent, cost-effective multi-physics seabed system for leakage and migration monitoring. Exploiting fill-and-spill fairways for CCS is a new concept with vast potential applicability globally.","PeriodicalId":265130,"journal":{"name":"82nd EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127805350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-18DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.202113123
D. Reust
Summary A seismic vibrator has been transformed into a powerful low frequency source by taking advantage of an underutilized asset: the carrier vehicle’s mass. At very low frequencies, a portion of vehicle mass is compliantly coupled to the reaction mass by hydraulic dampers. This increased its output force at very low frequencies by a factor of about 4 and improved its ground force waveforms as well. A revised method of estimating ground force has been implemented and verified with load cells. A small investment has made a smaller obsolete vibrator outperform the newest and best vibrators at 2 Hertz and below
{"title":"Low frequency vibrator transformation","authors":"D. Reust","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.202113123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202113123","url":null,"abstract":"Summary A seismic vibrator has been transformed into a powerful low frequency source by taking advantage of an underutilized asset: the carrier vehicle’s mass. At very low frequencies, a portion of vehicle mass is compliantly coupled to the reaction mass by hydraulic dampers. This increased its output force at very low frequencies by a factor of about 4 and improved its ground force waveforms as well. A revised method of estimating ground force has been implemented and verified with load cells. A small investment has made a smaller obsolete vibrator outperform the newest and best vibrators at 2 Hertz and below","PeriodicalId":265130,"journal":{"name":"82nd EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115544389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-18DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.202113259
H. Quintero, J. González, D. Barbosa, A. Villar, A. Mouret, C. Bruchenon
Summary This experimental study got to analyze the potential effects of residual polymer concentrations on production fluids in well produced and surface treatment conditions. The results provide an approach to understand the potential polymer effects on production fluids at laboratory scale and it will be the input to working on the problem mitigation at field scale. The evaluation in producing well conditions was carried out to identifying potential impacts of the residual polymer in BS&W, particle size distribution and viscosity of the W/O emulsions. If the emulsion have significant changes in those parameters, it could affect the systems for lifting and transport of production fluids. The evaluation at surface treatment conditions focused on observing the possible effects of the polymeric residual contents on the oil dehydration and water clarification processes. The experimental tests have highlighted a potential incompatibility between the water clarifiers currently used on site and the residual polymer contained in the back produced fluids. An adaptation or a change of these products is to be studied to maintain a good produced water quality on the field in EOR context.
{"title":"Experimental evaluation of residual polymer impacts on fluids separation in Colombian field conditions","authors":"H. Quintero, J. González, D. Barbosa, A. Villar, A. Mouret, C. Bruchenon","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.202113259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202113259","url":null,"abstract":"Summary This experimental study got to analyze the potential effects of residual polymer concentrations on production fluids in well produced and surface treatment conditions. The results provide an approach to understand the potential polymer effects on production fluids at laboratory scale and it will be the input to working on the problem mitigation at field scale. The evaluation in producing well conditions was carried out to identifying potential impacts of the residual polymer in BS&W, particle size distribution and viscosity of the W/O emulsions. If the emulsion have significant changes in those parameters, it could affect the systems for lifting and transport of production fluids. The evaluation at surface treatment conditions focused on observing the possible effects of the polymeric residual contents on the oil dehydration and water clarification processes. The experimental tests have highlighted a potential incompatibility between the water clarifiers currently used on site and the residual polymer contained in the back produced fluids. An adaptation or a change of these products is to be studied to maintain a good produced water quality on the field in EOR context.","PeriodicalId":265130,"journal":{"name":"82nd EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114377112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-18DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.202113171
K. Roberts, A. Laurain, Y. Albuquerque
Summary In this work we present an optimization methodology that inverts for the sharp interface of a salt body by recasting full waveform inversion as a shape optimization problem. In this framework, a shape representing the salt body can morph throughout the optimization process while preserving the model discontinuity between the salt and background sediment. We employ a distributed expression of the shape derivative instead of a boundary expression; this allows working with non-smooth domains, low regularity functions and often offers better accuracy than the boundary expression for numerical approximation. For a better resolution of these sharp interfaces, we utilize a finite element method with unstructured triangular meshes and variable mesh resolution to solve the optimization problem. All developments are available in an open-source coding package called spyro which uses the finite element library Firedrake.
{"title":"Sharp-interface imaging in full waveform inversion using finite elements","authors":"K. Roberts, A. Laurain, Y. Albuquerque","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.202113171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202113171","url":null,"abstract":"Summary In this work we present an optimization methodology that inverts for the sharp interface of a salt body by recasting full waveform inversion as a shape optimization problem. In this framework, a shape representing the salt body can morph throughout the optimization process while preserving the model discontinuity between the salt and background sediment. We employ a distributed expression of the shape derivative instead of a boundary expression; this allows working with non-smooth domains, low regularity functions and often offers better accuracy than the boundary expression for numerical approximation. For a better resolution of these sharp interfaces, we utilize a finite element method with unstructured triangular meshes and variable mesh resolution to solve the optimization problem. All developments are available in an open-source coding package called spyro which uses the finite element library Firedrake.","PeriodicalId":265130,"journal":{"name":"82nd EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114607817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-18DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.202113118
S. Lauro, J. Baniamerian, E. Pettinelli, E. Mattei, B. Cosciotti
Summary Amplitude of electromagnetic (EM) waves is attenuated when propagating in a lossy medium. The attenuation which is commonly characterized by the loss tangent depends on the electromagnetic properties of the composing materials, medium structure and the nominal operating frequency of the transmitted signal. Therefore, evaluating the EM waves attenuation can give insights to the material’s constitutive parameters. Assuming a Ricker wavelet as the source wavelet, a nonlinear equation relating the frequency to two-way travel time, loss tangent and nominal frequency is derived that is then solved by probabilistic approach inversion to recover the sought model parameters. The proposed approach is applied into a real dataset acquired on Mount Etna volcano, Italy.
{"title":"A New Centroid Frequency-Based Algorithm to Estimate the Attenuation of Ground Penetrating Radar","authors":"S. Lauro, J. Baniamerian, E. Pettinelli, E. Mattei, B. Cosciotti","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.202113118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202113118","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Amplitude of electromagnetic (EM) waves is attenuated when propagating in a lossy medium. The attenuation which is commonly characterized by the loss tangent depends on the electromagnetic properties of the composing materials, medium structure and the nominal operating frequency of the transmitted signal. Therefore, evaluating the EM waves attenuation can give insights to the material’s constitutive parameters. Assuming a Ricker wavelet as the source wavelet, a nonlinear equation relating the frequency to two-way travel time, loss tangent and nominal frequency is derived that is then solved by probabilistic approach inversion to recover the sought model parameters. The proposed approach is applied into a real dataset acquired on Mount Etna volcano, Italy.","PeriodicalId":265130,"journal":{"name":"82nd EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124967316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-18DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.202113164
H. Masoomzadeh, M. Romanenko
Summary Internal multiples contaminate weak primary reflection signals received from sub-basalt interfaces. We compare two methods of predicting internal multiples in seismic lines acquired in the Norwegian Sea. We compare a wave-equation based method that respects the structure but predicts only a subset of internal multiples corresponding to a downward bounce at the sea bottom, against a fast approximation which relies on a flat-earth assumption but predicts internal multiples generated at many subsurface boundaries all at once. The latter approach provides a better result by making a more realistic estimation of amplitudes, while compromising the accuracy of temporal dynamics.
{"title":"Internal multiple elimination in the Vøring Basin: a comparison of two approaches","authors":"H. Masoomzadeh, M. Romanenko","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.202113164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202113164","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Internal multiples contaminate weak primary reflection signals received from sub-basalt interfaces. We compare two methods of predicting internal multiples in seismic lines acquired in the Norwegian Sea. We compare a wave-equation based method that respects the structure but predicts only a subset of internal multiples corresponding to a downward bounce at the sea bottom, against a fast approximation which relies on a flat-earth assumption but predicts internal multiples generated at many subsurface boundaries all at once. The latter approach provides a better result by making a more realistic estimation of amplitudes, while compromising the accuracy of temporal dynamics.","PeriodicalId":265130,"journal":{"name":"82nd EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122118113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：