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High-resolution time reverse imaging for microseismic event location 微地震事件定位的高分辨率时间反演成像
Pub Date : 2021-10-18 DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.202113227
P. Yang, D. Gajewski
Summary Time reverse imaging has become a standard technique for locating and characterising seismic events. No identification of events or their onset times is required for locating events with time reverse imaging. Nevertheless, because of the resolution limits of the source signals, it can not reliably locate the sources that are close to each other, i.e., a small concentrating source distribution. We propose a new time reverse imaging method to address this issue. First, we divide the wavefields into several small parts according to the bounds of the maximum absolute amplitude at each time step. The neighboring wavefields of each small part are extracted, and they are centred at the picked points that correspond to the maximum absolute amplitude of each small part and given by a circle with a radius of half the dominant wavelength of the source signal. Then we introduce the Gaussian-type weights to weight these neighboring wavefields. Finally, these extracted wavefields are cross correlated. The crosscorrelation creates a new imaging condition. It yields good location results, deviating from the actual source locations by far less than half the prevailing wavelength of the signal, even in the case of sparse acquisition and poor S/N ratio.
时间逆成像已成为地震事件定位和表征的标准技术。时间逆成像定位事件时,不需要识别事件或其发生时间。然而,由于源信号的分辨率限制,它不能可靠地定位彼此靠近的源,即小的集中源分布。我们提出了一种新的时间逆成像方法来解决这个问题。首先,我们根据每个时间步长最大绝对振幅的边界将波场分成几个小的部分。提取每个小部分的邻近波场,并将其集中在与每个小部分的最大绝对振幅对应的拾取点上,并以源信号主波长的一半为半径的圆给出。然后引入高斯型权值对相邻波场进行加权。最后,对提取的波场进行交叉相关。相互关系创造了一种新的成像条件。即使在稀疏采集和较差信噪比的情况下,它也能获得良好的定位结果,与实际源位置的偏差远小于信号主流波长的一半。
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引用次数: 0
Building low frequency model with Deep Learning for seismic inversion in complex geology without structural model 基于深度学习的无构造复杂地质反演低频模型构建
Pub Date : 2021-10-18 DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.202113297
Tengku Mohd Syazwan Tengku Hassan, C. S. Lee, R. Bekti, J. Ting
Summary The conventional low frequency model (LFM) have limitations: uncertainty of spatial variability away from the wells, the uncertainty of the structural model and stratigraphic architecture. It is also challenging to build complex geology structural model. We propose using Deep Feed-forward Neural Network (DFNN) with attributes from seismic partial stacks and seismic velocity to create LFM of elastic properties for Constrained Sparse Spike Inversion. The methodology incorporates training of well curves, additional information from seismic partial stacks and trend from seismic velocity and wells. It has shorter turnaround by not having to include structural model, and is suitable for complex geological settings.
传统的低频模型(LFM)存在局限性:井外空间变异性的不确定性、构造模式和地层构型的不确定性。复杂地质构造模型的建立也是一个挑战。提出了基于地震部分叠加和地震速度属性的深度前馈神经网络(Deep feedforward Neural Network, DFNN)来建立约束稀疏尖峰反演的弹性属性LFM。该方法结合了井曲线的训练、地震部分叠加的附加信息以及地震速度和井的趋势。它不需要包括构造模型,周期短,适用于复杂的地质环境。
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引用次数: 0
Use of Elastic Forward Modeling to Remove Complex Coherent Noises 利用弹性正演建模去除复杂相干噪声
Pub Date : 2021-10-18 DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.202010381
J. Tang, C. Peng, M. O’Briain, C. Shih
Summary In the deep-water Campeche Bay area of the southern Gulf of Mexico, there are many complex shallow salt bodies and carbonate rafts that generate a significant amount of coherent noise energies, collectively for all non-primary reflection energies, as a result of the high impedance contrast between these bodies and the surrounding sediments. These noise energies include surface-related salt-diffracted multiples, interbed/internal multiples, bounces between salt bodies, and other types of prismatic waves as well as converted shear waves. These coherent noises cause difficulties in interpreting base of salt and subsalt seismic events. Identifying and removing them is crucial for optimal seismic imaging of subsalt targets. We propose a method to model these noises using a geological imaging model and elastic finite-difference forward modeling. The method requires that the shallow part of the geological imaging model be accurate. We first compute elastic synthetic data using the model. Then, we migrate the synthetic data to generate a noise model in the image domain and use this noise model to pattern-match with another image volume migrated using field data. In this way, we can identify noises in the field data and remove them adaptively to obtain a cleaner image of the recorded reflectivity.
在墨西哥湾南部的坎佩切湾深水区,有许多复杂的浅层盐体和碳酸盐筏体,由于这些盐体与周围沉积物之间的高阻抗对比,它们产生了大量的相干噪声能量,总的来说是非一次反射能量。这些噪声能量包括与表面相关的盐衍射倍数、互层/内部倍数、盐体之间的反弹、其他类型的棱柱波以及转换剪切波。这些相干噪声给解释盐基和盐下地震事件带来困难。识别和去除盐下目标是优化盐下目标地震成像的关键。我们提出了一种利用地质成像模型和弹性有限差分正演模拟来模拟这些噪声的方法。该方法要求地质成像模型的浅层部分精度高。我们首先使用该模型计算弹性合成数据。然后,我们将合成数据迁移到图像域中生成噪声模型,并使用该噪声模型与使用现场数据迁移的另一个图像体进行模式匹配。这样,我们可以识别现场数据中的噪声,并自适应地去除它们,从而获得更清晰的记录反射率图像。
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引用次数: 0
The added value of WEB-AVO inversion for geothermal project development: a 2D reservoir characterization case study. WEB-AVO反演在地热项目开发中的附加价值:一个二维储层表征案例研究
Pub Date : 2021-10-18 DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.202113153
S. Korevaar, M. Leewis, H. González, P. Doulgeris, P. Benitez
Summary Optimal and successful geothermal development depends on the identification of aquifers with good reservoir properties combined with appropriate subsurface temperatures. Uncertainties need to be kept to a minimum to achieve a robust and positive business case for investors to commit. This paper demonstrates wave-equation based AVO (WEB-AVO) inversion on pre-stack seismic data as a useful technique to better assess the feasibility of geothermal projects in low data density areas. One unique feature of this method is that it solves directly for compressibility and shear compliance, which are commonly more sensitive for reservoir property changes compared to acoustic and shear impedance. Although the technique has its limitations related to data quality and availability, it showed that it could very well be used for optimisation of a geothermal project. For a case study in the Blaricum region (the Netherlands), top, base and thickness interpretations of the targeted geothermal reservoir could be enhanced, gPOS could be uplifted, and baffles and barriers (sedimentary, diagenetic and/or structural in origin), could be better identified. Consequently, a more optimal well placement can be achieved.
最佳和成功的地热开发取决于识别具有良好储层性质的含水层以及适当的地下温度。不确定性需要保持在最低限度,以实现投资者承诺的强劲和积极的商业案例。本文论证了基于波动方程的叠前地震AVO (WEB-AVO)反演是一种有效的技术,可以更好地评估低数据密度地区地热项目的可行性。该方法的一个独特之处在于,它直接解决了压缩性和剪切顺应性问题,与声学和剪切阻抗相比,这两个问题通常对储层物性变化更为敏感。尽管该技术在数据质量和可用性方面有其局限性,但它表明,它可以很好地用于地热项目的优化。以Blaricum地区(荷兰)为例,可以增强目标地热储层的顶部、底部和厚度解释,提高gPOS,更好地识别挡障和屏障(沉积、成岩和/或构造成因)。因此,可以实现更优化的井位。
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引用次数: 0
Seismic Waveform Inversion with Source Manipulation 地震波形反演与震源处理
Pub Date : 2021-10-18 DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.202113161
R. Wang, C. Bao, L. Qiu
Summary In recent decades, Full-waveform inversion (FWI) has suffered from the cycle-skipping issue, which we found can be mitigated by changing the source signature of the observed data. Compared with a physical source such as the Ricker source, seismic data with the Gaussian source can provide a better landscape of the objective function while improving the gradient's quality in the iterative reconstruction. In the synthetic experiments, we transform band-limited seismic data simulated with the Ricker wavelet into seismic data with the Gaussian source and apply it to FWI. Neural networks are employed to provide an efficient solution to this problem. Numerical experiments on the Marmousi model are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.
近几十年来,全波形反演(FWI)一直受到周期跳变问题的困扰,我们发现可以通过改变观测数据的源特征来缓解这一问题。与物理震源(如Ricker震源)相比,高斯震源的地震数据在迭代重建中可以提供更好的目标函数景观,同时提高梯度的质量。在综合实验中,我们将Ricker小波模拟的带限地震数据转换为高斯源地震数据,并将其应用于FWI。神经网络是解决这一问题的有效方法。通过对Marmousi模型的数值实验验证了该方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Segmentation of Digital Rock Images Guided by Edge Feature Using Deep Learning 基于深度学习边缘特征的数字岩石图像分割
Pub Date : 2021-10-18 DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.202113323
Z. Hou, D. Cao, Q. Liu
Summary Segmentation of digital rock images is a crucial and basic step in digital rock process, and equivalent elastic parameter and fluid properties calculated from the digital rock can be affected by the result of segmentation. Conventional segmentation algorithm based on thresholding algorithm cannot perform a satisfying result in small structure due to noise impact. To address issues, a modified guided by prior information, edge feature, is proposed to improve accuracy of small structure. Edge feature reflects information of the effect of transport, weathered, and eroded in the deposition process, but the shape of noise and artifacts can’t reflect these information, rather show regularity due to the influence of instruments, hence boundary feature can improve the discrimination of noise. Furthermore, conventional SegNet was used to compare with modified SegNet, the former obtains 90.21% accuracy using 38-layers network, proposed approach using prior information achieves 93.07% accuracy using 30-layers network, which demonstrates less computational time and better anti-noise property. In addition, connectivity was used to evaluate segmentation result, modified SegNet shows a better similarity with origin image.
数字岩石图像的分割是数字岩石过程中至关重要的基础步骤,从数字岩石中计算出的等效弹性参数和流体性质会受到分割结果的影响。传统的基于阈值分割算法的分割算法由于噪声的影响,在小结构中不能得到令人满意的分割结果。针对这一问题,提出了一种基于先验信息的边缘特征改进方法来提高小结构的精度。边缘特征反映了沉积过程中搬运、风化、侵蚀等作用的信息,但噪声和伪影的形状由于仪器的影响不能反映这些信息,而呈现出规律性,因此边界特征可以提高噪声的辨别能力。将传统的SegNet与改进的SegNet进行对比,前者使用38层网络的准确率为90.21%,而本文提出的基于先验信息的方法使用30层网络的准确率为93.07%,计算时间更少,抗噪声性能更好。此外,利用连通性对分割结果进行评价,改进后的SegNet与原始图像具有更好的相似度。
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引用次数: 2
Multi-Parameter Pseudo Acoustic Full Waveform Inversion Method in Elastic World 弹性世界中多参数伪声波全波形反演方法
Pub Date : 2021-10-18 DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.202010573
Q. Li, G. Wu, P. Duan
Summary In land seismic exploration, low-velocity zone causes the ray path of reflected wave propagating to the detector perpendicularly. Therefore, single-component data is regarded as P-wave data. In this paper, we first derive a new pseudo acoustic wave equation (PAE) in elastic world based on acoustic approximation. Compared with the acoustic modeling, pseudo acoustic modeling has obvious elastic AVO effect and S-P converted energy. Then we propose a pseudo acoustic wave full waveform inversion method for elastic parameters inversion using P-wave data only. The gradients of the misfit function with respect to updating the perturbations of elastic parameters based on PAE theory are derived. A field data example in eastern china is carried out by our new method using only the p-wave data. The results of pseudo acoustic full waveform inversion shows that S-wave velocity inverted is reliable and the passion ratio profile is well fitted to the natural potential logging curve.
在陆地地震勘探中,低速带使反射波的射线路径垂直传播到探测器。因此,将单分量数据视为纵波数据。本文首先推导了弹性世界中基于声学近似的伪声波方程(PAE)。与声学模拟相比,伪声学模拟具有明显的弹性AVO效应和S-P转换能量。在此基础上,提出了一种仅利用纵波数据进行弹性参数反演的伪声波全波形反演方法。基于PAE理论,导出了失配函数在更新弹性参数扰动时的梯度。用该方法对中国东部地区的纵波资料进行了实例分析。伪声波全波形反演结果表明,s波速度反演可靠,激情比剖面与自然电位测井曲线拟合良好。
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引用次数: 0
A new Implementation of CPML for the Second-Order Wave Equation 二阶波动方程的CPML新实现
Pub Date : 2021-10-18 DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.202112946
X. Fang, F. Niu, D. Wu
Summary The perfectly matched layer (PML) boundary condition has been widely used as a very effective absorbing boundary condition for seismic wavefield simulations. Convolutional PML (CPML) achieved by using a complex frequency-shifted stretch function was the latest development to further improve PML’s absorption performance for near-grazing angle incident waves as well as for low-frequency incident waves. However, the mathematical theory of most PML methods are derived from the first-order equation system; When implementing the PML technique to second-order wave equations, all the existing methods involve adding auxiliary terms and rewriting the CPML wave equations into the original coordinate, which will lead to the increase of calculation, more auxiliary variables, and complicate the implementation more than is necessary. We propose a new implementation of CPML for the second-order wave equation system. It does not need to introduce auxiliary variables or auxiliary equations for transforming the second-order CPML equations into the original coordinate, and furthermore, the implementation is simple and efficient.
完美匹配层(PML)边界条件作为一种非常有效的地震波场模拟吸收边界条件已得到广泛应用。利用复频移拉伸函数实现的卷积PML (CPML)是进一步提高PML对近掠角入射波和低频入射波吸收性能的最新发展。然而,大多数PML方法的数学理论都是从一阶方程组推导出来的;在将PML技术应用于二阶波动方程时,现有的方法都需要添加辅助项并将CPML波动方程改写到原坐标中,这将导致计算量的增加、辅助变量的增加和实现的复杂化。针对二阶波动方程系统,提出了一种新的CPML实现。将二阶CPML方程转换为原坐标时,不需要引入辅助变量和辅助方程,实现简单高效。
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引用次数: 0
Spatially Correlated Reflectivity Reconstruction via a Two-Step Scheme 基于两步方案的空间相关反射率重建
Pub Date : 2021-10-18 DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.202010665
H. Li, M. Cai, X. Du, G. Li, B. Zhou
Summary Sparse spike inversion (SSI), imposes a sparseness constraint term along seismic trace, can evidently broaden the effective band of seismic data. However, this method frequently suffers from instability and poor continuity issues due to neglecting of the spatial dependence among reflectivity at adjacent traces. Although some methods add a lateral constraint item into cost function to consider above spatial correlations, the complicate coupling effect between the triggered two trade-off parameters severely limits the algorithm’s performance. We develop a two-step multichannel reflectivity inversion algorithm (TS-MRI) to retrieve spatially correlated reflectivity while avoiding opting for the two weights simultaneously. In the first step, we apply SSI to fast obtain sparse reflectivity estimation. In the second step, we exploit the result from SSI, a data-driven structural constraint term, and a least-square framework to reconstruct multi-trace reflectivity. The reflection structure characteristics (RSC) estimation plays a key role in building the structural constraint term, which has ability to map the spatial geometrical association in data into inverted reflectivity image. A model and a field data examples confirm the merits of TS-MRI than SSI on guaranteeing the continuity of structures and protecting weak events.
稀疏尖峰反演(SSI)在地震道上施加稀疏约束项,可以明显拓宽地震资料的有效带。然而,由于忽略了相邻迹线反射率之间的空间依赖性,该方法往往存在不稳定性和连续性差的问题。尽管有些方法在代价函数中加入横向约束项以考虑上述空间相关性,但所触发的两个权衡参数之间复杂的耦合效应严重限制了算法的性能。我们开发了一种两步多通道反射率反演算法(TS-MRI)来检索空间相关反射率,同时避免同时选择两个权重。在第一步,我们应用SSI快速获得稀疏反射率估计。在第二步,我们利用SSI的结果,数据驱动的结构约束项和最小二乘框架来重建多道反射率。反射结构特征(RSC)估计是构造结构约束项的关键,它能够将数据中的空间几何关联映射到倒立反射率图像中。一个模型和现场数据实例证实了TS-MRI比SSI在保证结构连续性和保护弱事件方面的优点。
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引用次数: 0
Joint Inversion of MT and DC Resistivity using Meta-Heuristic Algorithm with Gibb’s Sampler 基于Gibb采样器的元启发式算法联合反演大地电磁学和直流电阻率
Pub Date : 2021-10-18 DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.202113223
M. Mukesh, K. Sarkar, U. K. Singh
Summary Employing the hybrid optimization technique with Gibb’s Sampler in association with joint inversion of MT and DC methods over 1D layered earth structures. The hybrid optimization algorithms have ability to balance the exploration and exploitation characteristics required for obtaining global solution. This hybrid technique uses the exploitation characteristic of PSO algorithm and the exploration characteristic of GWO algorithm, and the arrangement are generated from model parameters according to the Gibb’s sampling. The inherent problem of suppression is also studied due to conductive layer above a resistive layer. The results of hybrid algorithm with Gibb’s Sampler converges the solution faster than standard hybrid algorithm and it depicts large number of good fitting solutions lies in narrow region within the search space. Therefore, it is better to analyze histogram and calculate global mean model based on probability distribution function (PDF) with 68.27% confidence interval (CI) for all accepted models instead of selecting global model based on least error. In the present study, two different subsurface structures are optimized with noise free and noisy synthetic data. The efficiency of the algorithm is demonstrated by optimization in the paper.
采用吉布采样器混合优化技术,结合大地电磁法和直流电磁法在一维层状大地结构上的联合反演。混合优化算法具有平衡全局解所需的勘探和开采特性的能力。该混合技术利用粒子群算法的挖掘特性和GWO算法的探索特性,根据Gibb抽样从模型参数中生成排列。本文还研究了由于电阻层之上有导电层而产生的固有的抑制问题。与标准混合算法相比,采用Gibb采样器的混合算法收敛速度更快,并且在搜索空间的狭窄区域内描述了大量的良好拟合解。因此,与其选择误差最小的全局模型,不如对所有可接受的模型进行直方图分析,并基于68.27%置信区间(CI)的概率分布函数(PDF)计算全局均值模型。在本研究中,采用无噪声和有噪声合成数据对两种不同的地下结构进行了优化。文中通过优化验证了该算法的有效性。
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引用次数: 1
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82nd EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition
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