Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.36108/njsa/2202.02.0120
Olufunlayo Bammeke, F. O. Awosika
Federalism often arises from the desire of the peoples to form a union without necessarily losing their identities. In Nigeria, an attempt to cultivate a common national identity met with serious obstacles from separatist agitations in Nigerian history. In the light of this, the paper examines the causes of separatist agitations in Nigeria from its formative years as a British Colony and Protectorate and proffers solutions for stemming the drift toward disintegration. It observes that the history of the Federation of Nigeria is one laced with separatist agitations. The paper notes that separatist agitations, have been traced to a plethora of factors which include ethnicity, cultural diversity, vast size, revenue allocation, political instability, and ambiguities in the constitution, among others. The paper argues that these factors remain object of intense politics and generally paved way for separatist agitations in Nigeria. In recent times, separatist movements in the South East geopolitical zone have stepped-up struggles for the actualization of the sovereign state of Biafra through protests and other forms of social mobilization. The protests have triggered tension and heightened insecurity, with the security agencies applying excessive force to quell the protests in some cases. The extant literature is awash with narratives regarding the recent upsurge and persistent centrifugal demands by pro-Biafra separatists, five decades after the Nigerian civil war. Although these analyses are germane to the subject matter, they essentially suffer from disjointed empiricism, and as such unable to adequately illuminate the understanding of the renewed Biafra separatist agitations. The paper concludes that Nigeria’s unity is problematic and that the approach the government has been adopting in handling the problem is actually not working.
{"title":"The Nigerian Federation and Separatists’ Agitations: A Reconsideration of Contending Issues on Biafra","authors":"Olufunlayo Bammeke, F. O. Awosika","doi":"10.36108/njsa/2202.02.0120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/njsa/2202.02.0120","url":null,"abstract":"Federalism often arises from the desire of the peoples to form a union without necessarily losing their identities. In Nigeria, an attempt to cultivate a common national identity met with serious obstacles from separatist agitations in Nigerian history. In the light of this, the paper examines the causes of separatist agitations in Nigeria from its formative years as a British Colony and Protectorate and proffers solutions for stemming the drift toward disintegration. It observes that the history of the Federation of Nigeria is one laced with separatist agitations. The paper notes that separatist agitations, have been traced to a plethora of factors which include ethnicity, cultural diversity, vast size, revenue allocation, political instability, and ambiguities in the constitution, among others. The paper argues that these factors remain object of intense politics and generally paved way for separatist agitations in Nigeria. In recent times, separatist movements in the South East geopolitical zone have stepped-up struggles for the actualization of the sovereign state of Biafra through protests and other forms of social mobilization. The protests have triggered tension and heightened insecurity, with the security agencies applying excessive force to quell the protests in some cases. The extant literature is awash with narratives regarding the recent upsurge and persistent centrifugal demands by pro-Biafra separatists, five decades after the Nigerian civil war. Although these analyses are germane to the subject matter, they essentially suffer from disjointed empiricism, and as such unable to adequately illuminate the understanding of the renewed Biafra separatist agitations. The paper concludes that Nigeria’s unity is problematic and that the approach the government has been adopting in handling the problem is actually not working.","PeriodicalId":265152,"journal":{"name":"The Nigerian Journal of Sociology and Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129842816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.36108/njsa/2202.02.0110
Judith I Ani, U. Isiugo-abanihe
Unmet needs for support relate to daily requirements for independent functioning among the elderly but which are unavailable, consequent upon declining informal support and challenges of accessing formal ones. This study explored unmet needs for support, including finance, assistive device, food and healthcare, among older persons with disability in Enugu State Nigeria. Using a multistage sampling and a triangulation of research methods, a total of 1030 older persons were selected for the study. Seven in every ten older persons in the sample (71.0%) had an unmet need. Of all the support received, financial support (79.8%) was the most inadequate. The predominant assistive device was the walking stick (84.9%). Only about four (38.0%) out of ten had three square meals with no recourse to a balanced diet. Of all the unmet felt needs, healthcare/medication (60.2%) was the most predominant followed by financial support. Their physical environment was neither disability-supportive nor ageing-friendly. We conclude that the high percentage of unmet needs among older persons in Enugu State Nigeria is consequent upon the absence of formal social welfare policies and programmes for the elderly. Unfortunately, the elderly would continue to have unmet needs given the declining safety nets traditionally provided by family members vis-à-vis the increasing economic hardship in the society. It is therefore recommended that governments at all levels should formulate and implement social welfare programmes to bridge the needs gap among senior citizens who had spent their vibrant years serving the government and society.
{"title":"Unmet Needs for Support: A Study of Older Persons with Disability in Enugu State, Nigeria","authors":"Judith I Ani, U. Isiugo-abanihe","doi":"10.36108/njsa/2202.02.0110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/njsa/2202.02.0110","url":null,"abstract":"Unmet needs for support relate to daily requirements for independent functioning among the elderly but which are unavailable, consequent upon declining informal support and challenges of accessing formal ones. This study explored unmet needs for support, including finance, assistive device, food and healthcare, among older persons with disability in Enugu State Nigeria. Using a multistage sampling and a triangulation of research methods, a total of 1030 older persons were selected for the study. Seven in every ten older persons in the sample (71.0%) had an unmet need. Of all the support received, financial support (79.8%) was the most inadequate. The predominant assistive device was the walking stick (84.9%). Only about four (38.0%) out of ten had three square meals with no recourse to a balanced diet. Of all the unmet felt needs, healthcare/medication (60.2%) was the most predominant followed by financial support. Their physical environment was neither disability-supportive nor ageing-friendly. We conclude that the high percentage of unmet needs among older persons in Enugu State Nigeria is consequent upon the absence of formal social welfare policies and programmes for the elderly. Unfortunately, the elderly would continue to have unmet needs given the declining safety nets traditionally provided by family members vis-à-vis the increasing economic hardship in the society. It is therefore recommended that governments at all levels should formulate and implement social welfare programmes to bridge the needs gap among senior citizens who had spent their vibrant years serving the government and society.","PeriodicalId":265152,"journal":{"name":"The Nigerian Journal of Sociology and Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124883666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.36108/njsa/2202.02.0180
Njideka Ebisi
Women are active participants in the informal sector with many achieving successes in different areas of the sector. Many notable women entrepreneurs are increasingly contributing to the global economy through the informal sector but despite their role as business owners and entrepreneurs, they are more likely to be the primary parent, housekeeper and even emotional nurturer. This paper is anchored on structuralist theorization which views informal entrepreneurship as a form of low-quality work, carried out under poor conditions for low wages by population often marginalized from the formal economy and who conduct such activities out of necessity in the absence of alternative means of survival. Women are involved in the informal sectors in many ways such as forestry, fishing, crop productions, plantations and other agricultural activities. Women entrepreneurs are also involved in non-farming business activities as manufacturing, sales, food delivery services, and other sundry supplies. As a result, women entrepreneurs dominate and contribute significantly to the growth in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in both developed and developing countries. Notwithstanding the important roles women entrepreneurs play in the informal sector, they are faced with several obstacles to growth; lack of interaction with successful entrepreneurs, social rejection as women entrepreneurs, family responsibilities, gender discrimination, social exclusion, and bankers’ low priority in provision of loans. It is recommended that governments, NGOs, and private institutions should assist in breaking these hurdles by providing suitable support services, creating equal opportunities for growth., and expanding the market for women entrepreneurs both locally and worldwide
{"title":"Prospects and Challenges of Entrepreneurial Woman in Nigeria’s Informal Sector","authors":"Njideka Ebisi","doi":"10.36108/njsa/2202.02.0180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/njsa/2202.02.0180","url":null,"abstract":"Women are active participants in the informal sector with many achieving successes in different areas of the sector. Many notable women entrepreneurs are increasingly contributing to the global economy through the informal sector but despite their role as business owners and entrepreneurs, they are more likely to be the primary parent, housekeeper and even emotional nurturer. This paper is anchored on structuralist theorization which views informal entrepreneurship as a form of low-quality work, carried out under poor conditions for low wages by population often marginalized from the formal economy and who conduct such activities out of necessity in the absence of alternative means of survival. Women are involved in the informal sectors in many ways such as forestry, fishing, crop productions, plantations and other agricultural activities. Women entrepreneurs are also involved in non-farming business activities as manufacturing, sales, food delivery services, and other sundry supplies. As a result, women entrepreneurs dominate and contribute significantly to the growth in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in both developed and developing countries. Notwithstanding the important roles women entrepreneurs play in the informal sector, they are faced with several obstacles to growth; lack of interaction with successful entrepreneurs, social rejection as women entrepreneurs, family responsibilities, gender discrimination, social exclusion, and bankers’ low priority in provision of loans. It is recommended that governments, NGOs, and private institutions should assist in breaking these hurdles by providing suitable support services, creating equal opportunities for growth., and expanding the market for women entrepreneurs both locally and worldwide","PeriodicalId":265152,"journal":{"name":"The Nigerian Journal of Sociology and Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122496200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.36108/njsa/2202.02.0190
S. Ajoseh, S. O. Raji
Adverse maternal health is a public health challenge in Less developed countries particularly Nigeria. Despite different interventions, Nigerian women are 500 times more likely to die during pregnancy than their counterparts in more developed countries. Although, some women survive the phase of pregnancy and delivery, they do so with disabling long-term complications. Clinical factors have been identified as possible causes of these adverse maternal issues with no recourse to cultural and behavioural factors. This study focuses on the influence of socio-cultural factors on maternal morbidity among women of reproductive age. Health Belief Model and Religious Functionalism of Emile Durkheim were adopted as the theoretical orientation. The Cross-sectional survey design was utilized with 400 questionnaires administered among pregnant women through the multi-stage sampling technique. Cultural beliefs on pregnancy and child delivery include sharing of gifts to children in the neigbourhood, killing of rams, naming first born at their paternal grandfather, circumcision, not walking in the hot sun, and the necessity of children as a sign of fruitfulness among others. The Bivariate analysis showed that cultural beliefs predict high blood pressure, diabetes and complicated Malaria (p<0.001). Taboos about pregnancy significantly influence stillbirth and diabetes (p<0.05), high blood pressure (p<0.01), and complicated malaria (p<0.001). The Logistic Model indicated that women who take vegetables than other foods are more likely not to experience high blood pressure during pregnancy (p<0.05), while taking herbs more than other rituals make women more likely to experience diabetes during pregnancy (p<0.01). The study recommends among others dieting, exercise, rest, intake of fruits and vegetables, taking prescribed drugs and prayers should be encouraged by formal medical and trado-medical practitioners, friends and family members.
{"title":"Socio-Cultural Correlates of Maternal Morbidity in Lagos State, Nigeria","authors":"S. Ajoseh, S. O. Raji","doi":"10.36108/njsa/2202.02.0190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/njsa/2202.02.0190","url":null,"abstract":"Adverse maternal health is a public health challenge in Less developed countries particularly Nigeria. Despite different interventions, Nigerian women are 500 times more likely to die during pregnancy than their counterparts in more developed countries. Although, some women survive the phase of pregnancy and delivery, they do so with disabling long-term complications. Clinical factors have been identified as possible causes of these adverse maternal issues with no recourse to cultural and behavioural factors. This study focuses on the influence of socio-cultural factors on maternal morbidity among women of reproductive age. Health Belief Model and Religious Functionalism of Emile Durkheim were adopted as the theoretical orientation. The Cross-sectional survey design was utilized with 400 questionnaires administered among pregnant women through the multi-stage sampling technique. Cultural beliefs on pregnancy and child delivery include sharing of gifts to children in the neigbourhood, killing of rams, naming first born at their paternal grandfather, circumcision, not walking in the hot sun, and the necessity of children as a sign of fruitfulness among others. The Bivariate analysis showed that cultural beliefs predict high blood pressure, diabetes and complicated Malaria (p<0.001). Taboos about pregnancy significantly influence stillbirth and diabetes (p<0.05), high blood pressure (p<0.01), and complicated malaria (p<0.001). The Logistic Model indicated that women who take vegetables than other foods are more likely not to experience high blood pressure during pregnancy (p<0.05), while taking herbs more than other rituals make women more likely to experience diabetes during pregnancy (p<0.01). The study recommends among others dieting, exercise, rest, intake of fruits and vegetables, taking prescribed drugs and prayers should be encouraged by formal medical and trado-medical practitioners, friends and family members.","PeriodicalId":265152,"journal":{"name":"The Nigerian Journal of Sociology and Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123529331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.36108/njsa/2202.02.0170
C. Obiageli, P. O. Hembafan
The global economic system has been adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The tourism industry is one of the most affected sectors due to unprecedented restrictions imposed on human mobility and interaction to curb the spread of the virus. Lekki Conservation Center Lagos, a natural reserve managed by Nigerian Conservation Foundation is one of the tourists’ destinations affected by the pandemic. This article investigates the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on tourism in Lekki Conservation Center Lagos. To achieve this, onsite observation, key informant interviews and in-depth interviews were conducted with employees, and some selected patrons of the destination. It was discovered that the center lost lots of revenue following the lockdown. However, the management was able to take care of its recurrent expenditure such as the payment of their employee’s salaries from their savings and funding received from stakeholders. The influx of tourists to the center after the lockdown was as a result of its open nature and the COVID-19 preventive measures put in place therein. These measures considerably increased the running cost of the center. The study therefore recommends that tourists’ destinations should be given financial incentives and tax holiday by the government to enable them recover quickly from the impact of the pandemic.
{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 on Lekki Conservation Centre, Lagos Nigeria","authors":"C. Obiageli, P. O. Hembafan","doi":"10.36108/njsa/2202.02.0170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/njsa/2202.02.0170","url":null,"abstract":"The global economic system has been adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The tourism industry is one of the most affected sectors due to unprecedented restrictions imposed on human mobility and interaction to curb the spread of the virus. Lekki Conservation Center Lagos, a natural reserve managed by Nigerian Conservation Foundation is one of the tourists’ destinations affected by the pandemic. This article investigates the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on tourism in Lekki Conservation Center Lagos. To achieve this, onsite observation, key informant interviews and in-depth interviews were conducted with employees, and some selected patrons of the destination. It was discovered that the center lost lots of revenue following the lockdown. However, the management was able to take care of its recurrent expenditure such as the payment of their employee’s salaries from their savings and funding received from stakeholders. The influx of tourists to the center after the lockdown was as a result of its open nature and the COVID-19 preventive measures put in place therein. These measures considerably increased the running cost of the center. The study therefore recommends that tourists’ destinations should be given financial incentives and tax holiday by the government to enable them recover quickly from the impact of the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":265152,"journal":{"name":"The Nigerian Journal of Sociology and Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120872485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.36108/njsa/2202.02.0140
Motunrayo Ayobola, E. Nwokocha
Postnatal Depression (PND) is a major mood disorder associated with childbirth. In Nigeria, its prevalence ranges from 15% to 23%. Previous studies on PND in Nigeria have largely focused on its preponderance and the biomedical explanation regarding its occurrence. Little attention has been given to the socioeconomic and cultural factors linked to its occurrence. This study examined some of these factors and their implications for healthcare seeking among women experiencing PND in Ibadan, Nigeria. The Health Belief Model was adopted as framework. Ibadan was purposively selected due to the existence of well-established healthcare facilities that handle issues related to PND. Five major healthcare facilities were randomly selected. The study found that lack of awareness about PND, perceived inefficacy of medical treatment, ignorance about its symptoms, poverty and out-of-pocket mode of payment accounted for delay in or not seeking healthcare for PND. The study recommends appropriate sensitization for women, husbands, and the general public as well as waiving of medical expenses on PND treatment as necessary for reducing its incidence and prevalence in relevant Nigerian communities.
{"title":"Factors Constituting Barriers to Seeking Healthcare for Postnatal Depression among Mothers in Ibadan, Nigeria","authors":"Motunrayo Ayobola, E. Nwokocha","doi":"10.36108/njsa/2202.02.0140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/njsa/2202.02.0140","url":null,"abstract":"Postnatal Depression (PND) is a major mood disorder associated with childbirth. In Nigeria, its prevalence ranges from 15% to 23%. Previous studies on PND in Nigeria have largely focused on its preponderance and the biomedical explanation regarding its occurrence. Little attention has been given to the socioeconomic and cultural factors linked to its occurrence. This study examined some of these factors and their implications for healthcare seeking among women experiencing PND in Ibadan, Nigeria. The Health Belief Model was adopted as framework. Ibadan was purposively selected due to the existence of well-established healthcare facilities that handle issues related to PND. Five major healthcare facilities were randomly selected. The study found that lack of awareness about PND, perceived inefficacy of medical treatment, ignorance about its symptoms, poverty and out-of-pocket mode of payment accounted for delay in or not seeking healthcare for PND. The study recommends appropriate sensitization for women, husbands, and the general public as well as waiving of medical expenses on PND treatment as necessary for reducing its incidence and prevalence in relevant Nigerian communities.","PeriodicalId":265152,"journal":{"name":"The Nigerian Journal of Sociology and Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121029214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.36108/njsa/2202.02.0160
T. R. Odubo, T. V. Odubo
Until the discovery of crude oil in Nigeria, the economy of the country relied on Agriculture for sustenance. Upon this discovery, the oil sector started an economic domination in Nigeria leading to the neglect of Agriculture. Since the extraction and production of crude oil takes place in the Niger Delta, the region is bedevilled by ills caused by reckless crude oil exploration and production activities. This led to the emergence of artisanal crude oil refining as a coping strategy. Though with its attendant socio-economic benefits, the loss to the national economy was huge. Artisanal refining also destroys the environment and traditional livelihoods. The consequent decline in revenue earnings of the country caused the government to implement existing policy to halt artisanal oil refining and oil theft. Thus, the objective of this study is to identify the environmental effects of artisanal oil refining and government’s policy implementation on crude oil refining in the Niger Delta region. The study was conducted in six communities in three states namely; Oruma, Aguobiri (Bayelsa State), Ido, Bille (Rivers State), Egwa 1 and Tebujoh (Delta State). The study adopted the cross-sectional survey research design comprising 400 randomly selected respondents out of which 314 research participants responded. The findings indicate that government policies geared towards addressing the problem of artisanal refining and oil theft exacerbates the environmental, livelihood and security problems in the region leading to further pauperization, poverty and insecurity. It is thus recommended that government policies in the Niger Delta region should not only be geared towards increasing the nation’s earnings but also to enhance security and the socio-economic well-being of the people..
{"title":"Policy implementation in the Context of Environmental Degradation, Insecurity and Poverty: The Case of Niger Delta Region, Nigeria","authors":"T. R. Odubo, T. V. Odubo","doi":"10.36108/njsa/2202.02.0160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/njsa/2202.02.0160","url":null,"abstract":"Until the discovery of crude oil in Nigeria, the economy of the country relied on Agriculture for sustenance. Upon this discovery, the oil sector started an economic domination in Nigeria leading to the neglect of Agriculture. Since the extraction and production of crude oil takes place in the Niger Delta, the region is bedevilled by ills caused by reckless crude oil exploration and production activities. This led to the emergence of artisanal crude oil refining as a coping strategy. Though with its attendant socio-economic benefits, the loss to the national economy was huge. Artisanal refining also destroys the environment and traditional livelihoods. The consequent decline in revenue earnings of the country caused the government to implement existing policy to halt artisanal oil refining and oil theft. Thus, the objective of this study is to identify the environmental effects of artisanal oil refining and government’s policy implementation on crude oil refining in the Niger Delta region. The study was conducted in six communities in three states namely; Oruma, Aguobiri (Bayelsa State), Ido, Bille (Rivers State), Egwa 1 and Tebujoh (Delta State). The study adopted the cross-sectional survey research design comprising 400 randomly selected respondents out of which 314 research participants responded. The findings indicate that government policies geared towards addressing the problem of artisanal refining and oil theft exacerbates the environmental, livelihood and security problems in the region leading to further pauperization, poverty and insecurity. It is thus recommended that government policies in the Niger Delta region should not only be geared towards increasing the nation’s earnings but also to enhance security and the socio-economic well-being of the people..","PeriodicalId":265152,"journal":{"name":"The Nigerian Journal of Sociology and Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129113842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.36108/njsa/2202.02.0130
O. Adebola, D. Ononokpono
The actualization of gender equality is central to the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This will be unachievable if no proactive measures are taken on the extent of women and girls’ involvement in unpaid care and domestic chores. Target 5.4 of the SDG delineated the need to recognize and value unpaid care and domestic work through the provision of public services, infrastructures and social protection policies as well as the promotion of shared responsibility within the household and the family as nationally appropriate. An online google questionnaire was used to collect data on the enormity of unpaid care work particularly during the COVID-19 lockdown among women of reproductive age (15-49 years). Data were analysed using univariate and bivariate analytical methods. The results revealed that almost all women of reproductive age (97.6%) in Nigeria are engaged in the enormous task of unpaid care which they reported increased during the COVID-19 lockdown (93.8%) without any form of commensurate remuneration by the government. Cultural norms remained the most significant reason (93.8%) why women and girls are main players in unpaid care and domestic work. Policy to address unpaid care work and women and girls’ representation in decision-making processes is recommended.
{"title":"COVID-19 Lockdown and a Surge in Women Unpaid Care Work in Nigeria: Corollary for Sustainable Development Goals","authors":"O. Adebola, D. Ononokpono","doi":"10.36108/njsa/2202.02.0130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/njsa/2202.02.0130","url":null,"abstract":"The actualization of gender equality is central to the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This will be unachievable if no proactive measures are taken on the extent of women and girls’ involvement in unpaid care and domestic chores. Target 5.4 of the SDG delineated the need to recognize and value unpaid care and domestic work through the provision of public services, infrastructures and social protection policies as well as the promotion of shared responsibility within the household and the family as nationally appropriate. An online google questionnaire was used to collect data on the enormity of unpaid care work particularly during the COVID-19 lockdown among women of reproductive age (15-49 years). Data were analysed using univariate and bivariate analytical methods. The results revealed that almost all women of reproductive age (97.6%) in Nigeria are engaged in the enormous task of unpaid care which they reported increased during the COVID-19 lockdown (93.8%) without any form of commensurate remuneration by the government. Cultural norms remained the most significant reason (93.8%) why women and girls are main players in unpaid care and domestic work. Policy to address unpaid care work and women and girls’ representation in decision-making processes is recommended.","PeriodicalId":265152,"journal":{"name":"The Nigerian Journal of Sociology and Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124993990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-10DOI: 10.36108/njsa/1202.91.0220
C. Okolocha
This paper took its departure from a research project on a new programme to address gully erosion and its effects in Auchi and Benin City, Edo State, southern Nigeria. No public policy or strategy to address gully erosion exists and previous government amelioration has been inconclusive. We gathered sociodemographic and other data on 1900 respondents with a questionnaire, interview and direct nonparticipant observation. Among others, we found that gully erosion affected mainly the poor and powerless segment of society; material poverty is underscored by ecological poverty and there is poverty of interventions to check the disaster. Several extant practices aggravate the disaster and there is no communal ameliorative response. We conclude that affected persons are alienated from governments and their environment. Dysfunctional behaviour, nonchalance in the face of disaster point to fatalism and anomie. New policy should address poverty, community education and planning to stem overurbanisation.
{"title":"Response to Tragedy: An Ethnography of Gully Erosion Threats in Three Communities in Edo State, Southern Nigeria","authors":"C. Okolocha","doi":"10.36108/njsa/1202.91.0220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/njsa/1202.91.0220","url":null,"abstract":"This paper took its departure from a research project on a new programme to address gully erosion and its effects in Auchi and Benin City, Edo State, southern Nigeria. No public policy or strategy to address gully erosion exists and previous government amelioration has been inconclusive. We gathered sociodemographic and other data on 1900 respondents with a questionnaire, interview and direct nonparticipant observation. Among others, we found that gully erosion affected mainly the poor and powerless segment of society; material poverty is underscored by ecological poverty and there is poverty of interventions to check the disaster. Several extant practices aggravate the disaster and there is no communal ameliorative response. We conclude that affected persons are alienated from governments and their environment. Dysfunctional behaviour, nonchalance in the face of disaster point to fatalism and anomie. New policy should address poverty, community education and planning to stem overurbanisation.","PeriodicalId":265152,"journal":{"name":"The Nigerian Journal of Sociology and Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116079784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-10DOI: 10.36108/njsa/1202.91.0250
N. Nnonyelu
COVID-19 Pandemic has affected different categories of workers in diverse ways. The paper seeks to interrogate the livelihood challenges of those in precarious employment with a focus on migrant construction and transport workers in Awka during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. The paper explores the coping strategies adopted by these urban poor in the face of the severe shutdown and abrupt termination of their marginal means of livelihood by the State and National governments. The paper also sought to find out the forms of assistance, or palliatives, if any from governmental, non-governmental organizations, corporate bodies and individuals. The paper is an indepth study of select construction and transport workers who are not indigenes of Anambra State, using In-depth Interview Method and Focus Group Discussion. The study revealed, that trapped in precariousness, the daily paid workers in the construction and transport sub sectors of the informal economy faced double jeopardy, not only in terms of the starvation earnings that are irregular, and uncertain, but in its total stoppage, with no safety nets, nor savings to fall back on. It also provides insights into the nature of the relationship that these masons, bricklayers and transport operators have with their ad hoc employers and the State.
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