Background: Gastroschisis has increased globally over recent decades and this increase is not explained by demographic changes in maternal age. Implicated risk factors for this increase include lifestyle behaviors, environmental exposures, low-er socioeconomic status, lower body mass index, poor nutrition, smoking tobacco, using illicit drugs, alcohol, or analgesics and genitourinary infections. Methods: Selective review of the literature. Results: Present hypotheses would only suggest avoidance of suspect exposures as protective interventions. To identify safe and efficacious protective therapies, new cellular/molecular modes-of-action need to be considered. Plausible develop-mental modes-of-action include a) changes in epigenetic programming of relevant stem or progenitor cells; b) mechanical forces (cellular mechanosensitivity and mechanotransduction) signaling; and c) ephrin–Eph receptor multimodal signali-ng. These developmental modes-of-action present plausible options for “druggable” molecules that could be developed into protective or mitigative therapeutic agents for gastroschisis. Conclusion: Possible interventions for modifiable factors in gastroschisis include 1) Delay childbearing. 2) Improve nutri-tion for younger gravidas. 3) Pre-conceptional counseling to reduce embryonic exposures to the range of implicated lifest-yle, environmental and medical factors. 4) Urge research colleagues to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying gastroschisis and to translate those insights into one or more safe and efficacious preventive or mitigative thera-pies.
{"title":"The Increasing Prevalence of Gastroschisis: Associated Factors, Possible Mechanisms, and Potential Mitigative Interventions","authors":"C. Hughes, O. Adibe","doi":"10.36316/gcatr.01.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36316/gcatr.01.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Gastroschisis has increased globally over recent decades and this increase is not explained by demographic changes in maternal age. Implicated risk factors for this increase include lifestyle behaviors, environmental exposures, low-er socioeconomic status, lower body mass index, poor nutrition, smoking tobacco, using illicit drugs, alcohol, or analgesics and genitourinary infections.\u0000\u0000Methods: Selective review of the literature.\u0000\u0000Results: Present hypotheses would only suggest avoidance of suspect exposures as protective interventions. To identify safe and efficacious protective therapies, new cellular/molecular modes-of-action need to be considered. Plausible develop-mental modes-of-action include a) changes in epigenetic programming of relevant stem or progenitor cells; b) mechanical forces (cellular mechanosensitivity and mechanotransduction) signaling; and c) ephrin–Eph receptor multimodal signali-ng. These developmental modes-of-action present plausible options for “druggable” molecules that could be developed into protective or mitigative therapeutic agents for gastroschisis. \u0000\u0000Conclusion: Possible interventions for modifiable factors in gastroschisis include 1) Delay childbearing. 2) Improve nutri-tion for younger gravidas. 3) Pre-conceptional counseling to reduce embryonic exposures to the range of implicated lifest-yle, environmental and medical factors. 4) Urge research colleagues to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying gastroschisis and to translate those insights into one or more safe and efficacious preventive or mitigative thera-pies.","PeriodicalId":265939,"journal":{"name":"Global Clinical and Translational Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128426547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shan Ye, Xiangcheng Yang, G. He, Peter A. Maciek, Wenjuan Zhou, M. Knobf
Background: The attitudes and perceptions of cervical cancer survivors (CCS) toward sexual activity after a diagnosis of cervical cancer and its treatment are unknown. This study describes the experience of CCS in Hunan Chinese about sexuality and sexual function after cervical cancer treatment. Methods: We used descriptive phenomenology to qualitatively assess these experiences. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 20 CCS. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed according to Colaizzi’s method to explore the essence of the experience in sexuality among CCS after cancer treatment. Results: Uncertainty, fear, and worry dominated the attitudes and behaviors of CCS-related to sexual activity after treatment. Four themes explain these complex emotional responses: 1) needing information; 2) dealing with sexual changes physically and emotionally; 3) communicating with a partner; 4) attribution of fault to her one-lifetime sexual partner. Conclusion: Sexual life was influenced by the physical changes associated with cervical cancer treatment. These changes in combination with inadequate information and limited communication led to uncertainty, fear and worry about engaging in sexual activity and relationship distress. Chinese CCS need targeted and patient-centered information on the change in sexual life caused by treatment, anticipatory guidance, and support in communication with providers and partners, and strategies to cope with the physical and psychosexual sequelae of treatment, all of which must be congruent with their cultural norms.
{"title":"Consequences of Cervical Cancer Treatment on Sexual Health in Chinese Cancer Survivors: A Qualitative Study","authors":"Shan Ye, Xiangcheng Yang, G. He, Peter A. Maciek, Wenjuan Zhou, M. Knobf","doi":"10.20900/GCTR20190002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20900/GCTR20190002","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The attitudes and perceptions of cervical cancer survivors (CCS) toward sexual activity after a diagnosis of cervical cancer and its treatment are unknown. This study describes the experience of CCS in Hunan Chinese about sexuality and sexual function after cervical cancer treatment.\u0000\u0000Methods: We used descriptive phenomenology to qualitatively assess these experiences. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 20 CCS. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed according to Colaizzi’s method to explore the essence of the experience in sexuality among CCS after cancer treatment.\u0000\u0000Results: Uncertainty, fear, and worry dominated the attitudes and behaviors of CCS-related to sexual activity after treatment. Four themes explain these complex emotional responses: 1) needing information; 2) dealing with sexual changes physically and emotionally; 3) communicating with a partner; 4) attribution of fault to her one-lifetime sexual partner.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Sexual life was influenced by the physical changes associated with cervical cancer treatment. These changes in combination with inadequate information and limited communication led to uncertainty, fear and worry about engaging in sexual activity and relationship distress. Chinese CCS need targeted and patient-centered information on the change in sexual life caused by treatment, anticipatory guidance, and support in communication with providers and partners, and strategies to cope with the physical and psychosexual sequelae of treatment, all of which must be congruent with their cultural norms.","PeriodicalId":265939,"journal":{"name":"Global Clinical and Translational Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130247159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Ou, Ruiting Liu, Yidong Shen, K. Xia, Jingping Zhao
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder typically diagnosed in children in the first few years of life. Genetic studies have demonstrated a moderate to high heritability of ASD, but only a limited number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified. Meanwhile, numerous single de novo rare variants and copy number variations have been detected in patients with ASD, which are likely caused by environmental factors. Here we provide an overview of genetic and environmental factors that may contribute to the risk of ASD and we recommend that further study should be focused on both genes and environmental factors, as well as their interactions with the expectation that epigenetic studies will lead to understanding the link between the environment and risk of ASD.
{"title":"An Overview of Genetic and Environmental Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder","authors":"J. Ou, Ruiting Liu, Yidong Shen, K. Xia, Jingping Zhao","doi":"10.36316/gcatr.01.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36316/gcatr.01.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder typically diagnosed in children in the first few years of life. Genetic studies have demonstrated a moderate to high heritability of ASD, but only a limited number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified. Meanwhile, numerous single de novo rare variants and copy number variations have been detected in patients with ASD, which are likely caused by environmental factors. Here we provide an overview of genetic and environmental factors that may contribute to the risk of ASD and we recommend that further study should be focused on both genes and environmental factors, as well as their interactions with the expectation that epigenetic studies will lead to understanding the link between the environment and risk of ASD.","PeriodicalId":265939,"journal":{"name":"Global Clinical and Translational Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125423575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examined the association of childhood adversity with depression or severity of depressive symptoms among Chinese older adults, using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The data is from a nationally representative sample of Chinese residents aged 45 or older and surveys of the sample population were conducted in 2011 and 2013; and individuals aged at 60 years or older, and interviewed for depressive symptom were included in this study. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that the likelihood of depression was significantly associated with poor parental mental status, physical abuse, and emotional abuse during childhood. Our study adds to research in the area of adverse childhood events and its effect on adult psychological and physical well-being.
{"title":"Childhood Adversity and Depression among Older Adults: Results from a Longitudinal Survey in China","authors":"Yue Li, Jiehua Lu","doi":"10.36316/gcatr.01.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36316/gcatr.01.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the association of childhood adversity with depression or severity of depressive symptoms among Chinese older adults, using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The data is from a nationally representative sample of Chinese residents aged 45 or older and surveys of the sample population were conducted in 2011 and 2013; and individuals aged at 60 years or older, and interviewed for depressive symptom were included in this study. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that the likelihood of depression was significantly associated with poor parental mental status, physical abuse, and emotional abuse during childhood. Our study adds to research in the area of adverse childhood events and its effect on adult psychological and physical well-being.","PeriodicalId":265939,"journal":{"name":"Global Clinical and Translational Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131255784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examined the association of childhood adversity with depression or severity of depressive symptoms among Chinese older adults, using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The data is from a nationally representative sample of Chinese residents aged 45 or older and surveys of the sample population were conducted in 2011 and 2013; and individuals aged at 60 years or older, and interviewed for depressive symptom were included in this study. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that the likelihood of depression was significantly associated with poor parental mental status, physical abuse, and emotional abuse during childhood. Our study adds to research in the area of adverse childhood events and its effect on adult psychological and physical well-being.
{"title":"Childhood Adversity and Depression among Older Adults: Evidence from a Longitudinal Survey in China","authors":"Yue Li, Jiehua Lu","doi":"10.20900/GCTR20190005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20900/GCTR20190005","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the association of childhood adversity with depression or severity of depressive symptoms among Chinese older adults, using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The data is from a nationally representative sample of Chinese residents aged 45 or older and surveys of the sample population were conducted in 2011 and 2013; and individuals aged at 60 years or older, and interviewed for depressive symptom were included in this study. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that the likelihood of depression was significantly associated with poor parental mental status, physical abuse, and emotional abuse during childhood. Our study adds to research in the area of adverse childhood events and its effect on adult psychological and physical well-being.","PeriodicalId":265939,"journal":{"name":"Global Clinical and Translational Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133906826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder with an increased prevalence around the world over the past two decades. Remarkably, a large number of individuals with ASD have gastrointestinal disorders. Recent studies demonstrate that the endogenous gut microbiota has a close relationship with ASD according to the analyses of human host intestinal microbial composition and animal model studies. Here, we review the reports of microbial dysbiosis in ASD and then discuss the recent evidence of biological interactions among microbiota, metabolism, immunity, neurodevelopment, and behaviors. We also describe the role of the gut microbiome in the link between ASD and environmental risk factors. Finally, we suggest adjuvant treatments to consider in attempts to correct autistic behaviors.
{"title":"Altered Gut Microbiome in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Potential Mechanism and Implications for Clinical Intervention","authors":"Kuokuo Li, Zhengmao Hu, J. Ou, K. Xia","doi":"10.20900/GCTR20190004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20900/GCTR20190004","url":null,"abstract":"Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder with an increased prevalence around the world over the past two decades. Remarkably, a large number of individuals with ASD have gastrointestinal disorders. Recent studies demonstrate that the endogenous gut microbiota has a close relationship with ASD according to the analyses of human host intestinal microbial composition and animal model studies. Here, we review the reports of microbial dysbiosis in ASD and then discuss the recent evidence of biological interactions among microbiota, metabolism, immunity, neurodevelopment, and behaviors. We also describe the role of the gut microbiome in the link between ASD and environmental risk factors. Finally, we suggest adjuvant treatments to consider in attempts to correct autistic behaviors.","PeriodicalId":265939,"journal":{"name":"Global Clinical and Translational Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123535012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We are proud to announce the launch of Global Clinical and Translational Research, a new journal that aims to promote clinical and translational research in the genomic era from a global perspective. The journal will (1) provide a unified platform of research communication for basic scientists, medical doctors, other clinical health professionals, social scientists and social workers to share the most recent advances in all areas of clinical and translational sciences; (2) introduce new techniques and methodology such as genomics-based techniques and approaches to design and perform a new generation of clinical research; (3) foster collaborative clinical research from a global perspective.
{"title":"New Journal Launch: Global Clinical and Translational Research","authors":"C. Hughes, Fengyu Zhang","doi":"10.20900/GCTR20190001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20900/GCTR20190001","url":null,"abstract":"We are proud to announce the launch of Global Clinical and Translational Research, a new journal that aims to promote clinical and translational research in the genomic era from a global perspective. The journal will (1) provide a unified platform of research communication for basic scientists, medical doctors, other clinical health professionals, social scientists and social workers to share the most recent advances in all areas of clinical and translational sciences; (2) introduce new techniques and methodology such as genomics-based techniques and approaches to design and perform a new generation of clinical research; (3) foster collaborative clinical research from a global perspective.","PeriodicalId":265939,"journal":{"name":"Global Clinical and Translational Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115502595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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