Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder marked by an ongoing inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity pattern. Traditional treatments targeting attentional aspects are associated with drug side effects, costly expenses, and poor compliance. This review aims to present novel approaches to attention training, such as using digital interventions to improve cognitive function mediated by video games, eye trackers, and gesture recognition sensors. The merit and shortages of these novel approaches and some new ideas of attention training in ADHD are discussed. KEYWORDS ADHD; attention training; video games; eye-tracking
{"title":"Novel Attention Training in Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder","authors":"Yanting Hou, Si Dai, Yidong Shen, J. Ou","doi":"10.36316/gcatr.05.0048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36316/gcatr.05.0048","url":null,"abstract":"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder marked by an ongoing inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity pattern. Traditional treatments targeting attentional aspects are associated with drug side effects, costly expenses, and poor compliance. This review aims to present novel approaches to attention training, such as using digital interventions to improve cognitive function mediated by video games, eye trackers, and gesture recognition sensors. The merit and shortages of these novel approaches and some new ideas of attention training in ADHD are discussed. KEYWORDS ADHD; attention training; video games; eye-tracking","PeriodicalId":265939,"journal":{"name":"Global Clinical and Translational Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116390200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The relationship between Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) methylation in the P3 promoter region and birth outcomes in a hypobaric-hypoxia environment has never been investigated. This study examined the association and compared birth outcomes and IGF2 methylation in this region by ethnicity and altitude. Methods: Four hundred and six (406) mother and newborn pairs in the Tibetan Plateau were enrolled in a birth cohort study. Data were collected through interviews using structural questionnaires or extracted from medical records. Pyrosequencing was performed for IGF2 methylation in the P3 promoter region in maternal peripheral and umbilical cord blood. Birth outcomes and IGF2 methylation were compared among three groups: Han in high altitude (HHA, n=164, 2000-3500m), Tibetan in high altitude (THA, n=42, 2000-3500m), and Tibetan in ultra-high altitude (TUHA, n=200, 3500m and higher). Results: TUHA seemed to have a higher prevalence of macrosomia (7.5%) than both THA (0.0.%) and HHA (2.4%) and a lower IGF2 methylation level in maternal blood than THA (P=0.008). No difference in the IGF2 methylation levels was found between THA and HHA. The IGF2 methylation levels in maternal peripheral blood were associated with a reduced risk of macrosomia (RR= 0.726, 95% CL [0.528,0.998], P=0.049) among all mother and newborn pairs. Conclusions: Increased altitude appears to be associated with decreased maternal IGF2 methylation levels in the P3 promoter region, and maternal IGF2 methylation levels in this region was associated with reduced risk of macrosomia in newborns in the hypobaric hypoxic Tibetan Plateau environment. Keywords Macrosomia; IGF2; DNA methylation; high altitude; Tibet Plateau
{"title":"Birth Outcomes and IGF2 Methylation in P3 Promoter Region in Tibetan and Han Chinese Maternal-newborn Pairs in Hypo-baric Hypoxia High-altitude Area","authors":"Wenxiu Jian, P. Sun, Xuejun Wang, Pinhua Wang, Jiangzuo Zhaxi, Yangrui Zhang, Shulin Wang, Dexiong Zhao, Yue-Mei Fan, Liehong Wang, W. Peng","doi":"10.36316/gcatr.05.0047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36316/gcatr.05.0047","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The relationship between Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) methylation in the P3 promoter region and birth outcomes in a hypobaric-hypoxia environment has never been investigated. This study examined the association and compared birth outcomes and IGF2 methylation in this region by ethnicity and altitude. \u0000Methods: Four hundred and six (406) mother and newborn pairs in the Tibetan Plateau were enrolled in a birth cohort study. Data were collected through interviews using structural questionnaires or extracted from medical records. Pyrosequencing was performed for IGF2 methylation in the P3 promoter region in maternal peripheral and umbilical cord blood. Birth outcomes and IGF2 methylation were compared among three groups: Han in high altitude (HHA, n=164, 2000-3500m), Tibetan in high altitude (THA, n=42, 2000-3500m), and Tibetan in ultra-high altitude (TUHA, n=200, 3500m and higher).\u0000Results: TUHA seemed to have a higher prevalence of macrosomia (7.5%) than both THA (0.0.%) and HHA (2.4%) and a lower IGF2 methylation level in maternal blood than THA (P=0.008). No difference in the IGF2 methylation levels was found between THA and HHA. The IGF2 methylation levels in maternal peripheral blood were associated with a reduced risk of macrosomia (RR= 0.726, 95% CL [0.528,0.998], P=0.049) among all mother and newborn pairs. \u0000Conclusions: Increased altitude appears to be associated with decreased maternal IGF2 methylation levels in the P3 promoter region, and maternal IGF2 methylation levels in this region was associated with reduced risk of macrosomia in newborns in the hypobaric hypoxic Tibetan Plateau environment. \u0000Keywords\u0000Macrosomia; IGF2; DNA methylation; high altitude; Tibet Plateau","PeriodicalId":265939,"journal":{"name":"Global Clinical and Translational Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134069188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper aims to provide an overview of the steps in developing a structured benefit-risk assessment, along with a simple, salient, and timely example of its implications. Using the time-tested, non-prescription drug paracetamol (a.k.a. acetaminophen) as an example, we demonstrate the fundamental role a well-structured benefit-risk assessment may play in clarifying the safety profile of even well-established medicinal products. The benefit-risk balance assessment performed by drug manufacturers and others involved in keeping drugs on the market is integral to a non-stop drug safety assessment continuum throughout a product’s lifecycle. This provides further reassurance that, as the world grapples with new diseases, pharmacovigilance systems with robust tools such as structured benefit-risk assessments can evolve and adapt by developing essential preventive and mitigative strategies. All these examples and practices contain the through-line of consideration for the protection of public health, a foundational cornerstone of pharmacovigilance practice. While a wealth of information may be explored on each aspect of the presented topics, the authors aim to give even those readers with only minimal background in pharmacovigilance an appreciation for the value of structured benefit-risk assessments.
{"title":"Structured Benefit-Risk Assessments: An Illustrative Case Study of Paracetamol.","authors":"Rosa Piccirillo, J. Parish","doi":"10.36316/gcatr.04.0046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36316/gcatr.04.0046","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to provide an overview of the steps in developing a structured benefit-risk assessment, along with a simple, salient, and timely example of its implications. Using the time-tested, non-prescription drug paracetamol (a.k.a. acetaminophen) as an example, we demonstrate the fundamental role a well-structured benefit-risk assessment may play in clarifying the safety profile of even well-established medicinal products. The benefit-risk balance assessment performed by drug manufacturers and others involved in keeping drugs on the market is integral to a non-stop drug safety assessment continuum throughout a product’s lifecycle. This provides further reassurance that, as the world grapples with new diseases, pharmacovigilance systems with robust tools such as structured benefit-risk assessments can evolve and adapt by developing essential preventive and mitigative strategies. All these examples and practices contain the through-line of consideration for the protection of public health, a foundational cornerstone of pharmacovigilance practice. While a wealth of information may be explored on each aspect of the presented topics, the authors aim to give even those readers with only minimal background in pharmacovigilance an appreciation for the value of structured benefit-risk assessments.","PeriodicalId":265939,"journal":{"name":"Global Clinical and Translational Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132979609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A medicinal product must demonstrate a favorable benefit-risk balance to remain on the market. That the benefits of use outweigh the risks is established using analyses referred to as benefit-risk assessments, which are conducted on an ongoing basis throughout the lifecycle of a medicinal product. While fundamental to maintaining a product’s marketing authorization, few regulatory guidance documents have been developed to provide information on the specific content and structure of a benefit-risk assessment. This paper aims to provide an overview of the key concepts in pharmacovigilance that contribute to the creation of a structured benefit-risk assessment, particularly through qualitative analysis.
{"title":"Pharmacovigilance Principles: The Building Blocks of Benefit-Risk Assessments","authors":"Rosa Piccirillo, Jennifer Parish","doi":"10.36316/gcatr.04.0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36316/gcatr.04.0045","url":null,"abstract":"A medicinal product must demonstrate a favorable benefit-risk balance to remain on the market. That the benefits of use outweigh the risks is established using analyses referred to as benefit-risk assessments, which are conducted on an ongoing basis throughout the lifecycle of a medicinal product. While fundamental to maintaining a product’s marketing authorization, few regulatory guidance documents have been developed to provide information on the specific content and structure of a benefit-risk assessment. This paper aims to provide an overview of the key concepts in pharmacovigilance that contribute to the creation of a structured benefit-risk assessment, particularly through qualitative analysis.","PeriodicalId":265939,"journal":{"name":"Global Clinical and Translational Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114009840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Traditional Chinese herbal medicine has a long history in treating febrile diseases, according to the Shang Han Lun, a classical theory of traditional Chinese medicine developed by Zhang Zhongjing in the Han Dynasty. Some herbs have been formulated as prescription formulae or manufactured as finished medicine such as pills, capsules or injections. The Chinese government has recommended specific TCM prescriptions alone or combined with Western medicine to treat patients with COVID-9. Here, we introduce three prescription formulae, Qingfei Paidu Decoction, Huashi Baidu Formula, and Xuanfei Baidu Formula, three finished medicines, Lianhua Qingwen Capsule, Jinhua Qinggan Granule, and Xuebijing Injection; following this, several single herbs such as Ephedra herba, Honeysuckle, Scutellaria, Glycyrrhizae radix, Armeniacae semen, Sophorae flavescentis radix, and Curcuma longa. We review existing evidence of these traditional medicines and herbs for their related antiviral activities, efficacy, and underlying mode of action in virus-related diseases. Most of these drugs have been traditionally used in Chinese medicine for over a thousand years, and they have been proved to be safe in treating flu-like virus infections. It will be adequate to further test for their efficacy for COVID-19 and understand the underlying molecular mechanism.
{"title":"Application of Chinese Herbal Medicine in COVID-19","authors":"Yehong Tian, Xiaowei Qiu, Xin Jiang, Jinchang Huang, Fengyu Zhang","doi":"10.36316/gcatr.03.0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36316/gcatr.03.0041","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional Chinese herbal medicine has a long history in treating febrile diseases, according to the Shang Han Lun, a classical theory of traditional Chinese medicine developed by Zhang Zhongjing in the Han Dynasty. Some herbs have been formulated as prescription formulae or manufactured as finished medicine such as pills, capsules or injections. The Chinese government has recommended specific TCM prescriptions alone or combined with Western medicine to treat patients with COVID-9. Here, we introduce three prescription formulae, Qingfei Paidu Decoction, Huashi Baidu Formula, and Xuanfei Baidu Formula, three finished medicines, Lianhua Qingwen Capsule, Jinhua Qinggan Granule, and Xuebijing Injection; following this, several single herbs such as Ephedra herba, Honeysuckle, Scutellaria, Glycyrrhizae radix, Armeniacae semen, Sophorae flavescentis radix, and Curcuma longa. We review existing evidence of these traditional medicines and herbs for their related antiviral activities, efficacy, and underlying mode of action in virus-related diseases. Most of these drugs have been traditionally used in Chinese medicine for over a thousand years, and they have been proved to be safe in treating flu-like virus infections. It will be adequate to further test for their efficacy for COVID-19 and understand the underlying molecular mechanism.","PeriodicalId":265939,"journal":{"name":"Global Clinical and Translational Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130825912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mei Peng, Yali Deng, Ling Yu, Yanting Nie, Ting Luo, Jian Huang, Xihong Zhou, Yiling Ding
Objective: To explore the early preventive treatment of hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis (HTGP) in pregnancy. Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis was performed to examine the drug intervention on recurrent HTGP and related pregnancy outcomes among women who had HTGP in their past pregnancy and developed hyperlipidemia during the second pregnancy. Participants were identified through inpatient case records under a single physician at the clinic and divided into two groups. The intervention group was given metformin lipid-lowering combined with low-molecular-weight heparin to prevent thrombosis when hypertriglyceridemia was developed during the pregnancy. In contrast, the non-intervention group includes those who did not receive active drug treatment until they developed recurrent HTGP. Metabolic markers were also examined by comparing them with their respective past pregnancies. Results: All participants experienced elevated triglycerides during their two consecutive pregnancies. No pregnant women developed HTGP in the intervention group (n=12), while 10 of 13 (76.9%) women developed HTGP in the non-intervention group. Thus, the outcome seemed to be markedly different. In the intervention group, 11 women were gestated to term, and one was premature; one of 12 (8.3%) births was neonatal asphyxia; there was no low-weight birth, and the prognosis of mother and baby was favorable. Of 10 women who developed recurrent HTGP in the non-intervention group, four suffered from fetal loss, four had premature, and two had full-term delivery; among the three pregnant women without HTGP, one had a premature and two had full-term births; five of thirteen (38.5%) births were neonatal asphyxia. Conclusion: Pregnant women with HTGP history, if not treated, are likely to develop the condition recurrently during pregnancy, but timely intervention on hypertriglyceridemia with lipid-lowering and thrombosis-preventing seemed complete to reduce the recurrent HTGP and improve the pregnancy outcomes.
{"title":"Metformin Combined LMWH Intervention in 25 Pregnant Women with History of Hyperlipidemia Pancreatitis in Pregnancy","authors":"Mei Peng, Yali Deng, Ling Yu, Yanting Nie, Ting Luo, Jian Huang, Xihong Zhou, Yiling Ding","doi":"10.36316/gcatr.03.0043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36316/gcatr.03.0043","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To explore the early preventive treatment of hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis (HTGP) in pregnancy.\u0000\u0000Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis was performed to examine the drug intervention on recurrent HTGP and related pregnancy outcomes among women who had HTGP in their past pregnancy and developed hyperlipidemia during the second pregnancy. Participants were identified through inpatient case records under a single physician at the clinic and divided into two groups. The intervention group was given metformin lipid-lowering combined with low-molecular-weight heparin to prevent thrombosis when hypertriglyceridemia was developed during the pregnancy. In contrast, the non-intervention group includes those who did not receive active drug treatment until they developed recurrent HTGP. Metabolic markers were also examined by comparing them with their respective past pregnancies.\u0000\u0000Results: All participants experienced elevated triglycerides during their two consecutive pregnancies. No pregnant women developed HTGP in the intervention group (n=12), while 10 of 13 (76.9%) women developed HTGP in the non-intervention group. Thus, the outcome seemed to be markedly different. In the intervention group, 11 women were gestated to term, and one was premature; one of 12 (8.3%) births was neonatal asphyxia; there was no low-weight birth, and the prognosis of mother and baby was favorable. Of 10 women who developed recurrent HTGP in the non-intervention group, four suffered from fetal loss, four had premature, and two had full-term delivery; among the three pregnant women without HTGP, one had a premature and two had full-term births; five of thirteen (38.5%) births were neonatal asphyxia.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Pregnant women with HTGP history, if not treated, are likely to develop the condition recurrently during pregnancy, but timely intervention on hypertriglyceridemia with lipid-lowering and thrombosis-preventing seemed complete to reduce the recurrent HTGP and improve the pregnancy outcomes.","PeriodicalId":265939,"journal":{"name":"Global Clinical and Translational Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129037429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction: Pathogen Genomics and Host Cellular Susceptibility Factors of COVID-19","authors":"Fengyu Zhang, M. Waters","doi":"10.36316/gcatr.03.0042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36316/gcatr.03.0042","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":265939,"journal":{"name":"Global Clinical and Translational Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133336154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) caused pandemic is still prevailing, but few approved medications are available. While the vaccinations have begun in some areas, it is of concern how the virus mutations will affect the vaccine effectiveness in populations. Various natural products exhibit good pharmacological properties of antiviral, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities that may offer preventive intervention benefits. In addition to that, adequate essential minerals and trace elements (e.g., selenium and zinc) are required for healthy immune function; many natural products from prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms can be potential drug targets. Among them are plant extracts traditionally used for antiviral and parasite infections. Two phytochemicals, hesperidin, and sulforaphane might be the most promising candidates for effective prophylaxis and mitigating disease severity. Therefore, they deserve a further study of their antiviral mechanisms of action then move to randomized clinical trials to determine appropriate dosing, pharmacokinetic parameters, and their potential efficacy and safety in humans.
{"title":"Natural Products and Potential Therapeutic Intervention for COVID-19","authors":"Fengyu Zhang","doi":"10.36316/gcatr.03.0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36316/gcatr.03.0040","url":null,"abstract":"The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) caused pandemic is still prevailing, but few approved medications are available. While the vaccinations have begun in some areas, it is of concern how the virus mutations will affect the vaccine effectiveness in populations. Various natural products exhibit good pharmacological properties of antiviral, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities that may offer preventive intervention benefits. In addition to that, adequate essential minerals and trace elements (e.g., selenium and zinc) are required for healthy immune function; many natural products from prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms can be potential drug targets. Among them are plant extracts traditionally used for antiviral and parasite infections. Two phytochemicals, hesperidin, and sulforaphane might be the most promising candidates for effective prophylaxis and mitigating disease severity. Therefore, they deserve a further study of their antiviral mechanisms of action then move to randomized clinical trials to determine appropriate dosing, pharmacokinetic parameters, and their potential efficacy and safety in humans.","PeriodicalId":265939,"journal":{"name":"Global Clinical and Translational Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127288608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the skin, nails, urogenital tract, and oral mucosa. It ranges from mild inflammation to the destruction of the epithelial surface with painful wounds and squamous cell carcinoma development. The LP lesion differences in location and morphology determine the clinical disease subtypes which all share a histological feature of dense band-like sub-epithelial infiltration of lymphocytes and keratinocyte apoptosis. Despite the well-characterized clinical manifestations of LP, its pathogenesis remains mostly unknown. Recent studies revealed a role of IFN-γ signaling that renders keratinocytes more susceptible to T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity via upregulation of MHC class I molecules. Targeting IFN-γ signaling in LP has been proposed as a treatment option. These latest developments in research on the etiology of LP will be discussed herein.
{"title":"IFN-gamma Signaling in Lichen Planus","authors":"O. Plazyo, S. Shao, J. Gudjonsson","doi":"10.36316/gcatr.03.0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36316/gcatr.03.0039","url":null,"abstract":"Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the skin, nails, urogenital tract, and oral mucosa. It ranges from mild inflammation to the destruction of the epithelial surface with painful wounds and squamous cell carcinoma development. The LP lesion differences in location and morphology determine the clinical disease subtypes which all share a histological feature of dense band-like sub-epithelial infiltration of lymphocytes and keratinocyte apoptosis. Despite the well-characterized clinical manifestations of LP, its pathogenesis remains mostly unknown. Recent studies revealed a role of IFN-γ signaling that renders keratinocytes more susceptible to T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity via upregulation of MHC class I molecules. Targeting IFN-γ signaling in LP has been proposed as a treatment option. These latest developments in research on the etiology of LP will be discussed herein.","PeriodicalId":265939,"journal":{"name":"Global Clinical and Translational Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127642373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reflections and Forethoughts on Global Clinical and Translational Research","authors":"","doi":"10.36316/gcatr.02.0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36316/gcatr.02.0038","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":265939,"journal":{"name":"Global Clinical and Translational Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114336567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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