Pub Date : 2016-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ICPS.2016.7490258
D. Paul
This paper reviews the phasor and directions of a single-phase-ground fault current (s) in a high-resistance grounded (HRG) power system. A brief review of the published literature, which is inconsistent, has caused confusion on what should be the correct phasor and fault current directions to be used in dot standard P3003.1. An application concept that during single-phase-ground fault condition, “distributed capacitive current direction reverses in the two un-faulted phases” compared to the direction under normal system operation. This concept has been applied before [2] [6]; however, some application engineers raised the question on this concept. The concept is currently used in the modern ground fault protection relays used for HRG and ungrounded power systems. It has no impact on the operation of the power system during the phase-ground fault condition, but it helps in providing ground-fault current flow from faulted location to ground, a normal industry convention. The paper will provide guidance on how to update the contents of the HRG system contained in the current edition of IEEE STD. 142 to be used for Dot Standard P3003.1 [23].
{"title":"Phasor and directions of a bolted single-phase-ground fault current in a high-resistance grounded (HRG) power system","authors":"D. Paul","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.2016.7490258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.2016.7490258","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews the phasor and directions of a single-phase-ground fault current (s) in a high-resistance grounded (HRG) power system. A brief review of the published literature, which is inconsistent, has caused confusion on what should be the correct phasor and fault current directions to be used in dot standard P3003.1. An application concept that during single-phase-ground fault condition, “distributed capacitive current direction reverses in the two un-faulted phases” compared to the direction under normal system operation. This concept has been applied before [2] [6]; however, some application engineers raised the question on this concept. The concept is currently used in the modern ground fault protection relays used for HRG and ungrounded power systems. It has no impact on the operation of the power system during the phase-ground fault condition, but it helps in providing ground-fault current flow from faulted location to ground, a normal industry convention. The paper will provide guidance on how to update the contents of the HRG system contained in the current edition of IEEE STD. 142 to be used for Dot Standard P3003.1 [23].","PeriodicalId":266558,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE/IAS 52nd Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference (I&CPS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127486156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ICPS.2016.7490247
R. Arno, Mark Bunal, A. Travis, J. Weber
The purpose of this Reliability investigation of this manufacturer's transfer switches was to create an engineering document; in which, one could find validated information on the Reliability of one of its most popular series of transfer switchgear. These numbers could then be applied to assess the Reliability of a power system in whole by system designers. The most recent published Reliability data for Automatic Transfer Switches in the IEEE STD 493 Gold Book cites MTBF as 274,853 hours for >600 Ampere models and 102,094 hours for 0 to 600 Ampere models. This analysis is intended to provide more recent and better-defined results; results that the industry can reflect upon. A reputable independent organization was contracted to perform the analysis and analyze the data.
{"title":"Determining Reliability of low voltage transfer switches","authors":"R. Arno, Mark Bunal, A. Travis, J. Weber","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.2016.7490247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.2016.7490247","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this Reliability investigation of this manufacturer's transfer switches was to create an engineering document; in which, one could find validated information on the Reliability of one of its most popular series of transfer switchgear. These numbers could then be applied to assess the Reliability of a power system in whole by system designers. The most recent published Reliability data for Automatic Transfer Switches in the IEEE STD 493 Gold Book cites MTBF as 274,853 hours for >600 Ampere models and 102,094 hours for 0 to 600 Ampere models. This analysis is intended to provide more recent and better-defined results; results that the industry can reflect upon. A reputable independent organization was contracted to perform the analysis and analyze the data.","PeriodicalId":266558,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE/IAS 52nd Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference (I&CPS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129936271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ICPS.2016.7490253
Li Wang, Ting-Wei Hong, A. Prokhorov
This paper presents and analyzes the measured power-quality results of a commercial onshore wind farm of 30 MW connected to the power grid of Taiwan Power System. The twenty 1.5-MW wind doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs) of the studied Kuan-Yuan onshore wind farm are connected to the 69-kV bus through two step-up main transformers of 69/22.8 kV, 25 MVA. The measured results were recorded from September 25th, 2014 to October 28th, 2014 for total 33 days. The recorded results include three-phase voltages, three-phase currents, active power, reactive power, apparent power, power factor, frequency, current harmonics, voltage flickers, and voltage variations. It can be observed from the measured results that the power quality of the studied Kuan-Yuan onshore wind farm during the measurement interval can meet the grid code of Taiwan Power Company except the voltage flickers.
{"title":"Analysis of measured power-quality results of Kuan-Yuan onshore wind farm in Taiwan","authors":"Li Wang, Ting-Wei Hong, A. Prokhorov","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.2016.7490253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.2016.7490253","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents and analyzes the measured power-quality results of a commercial onshore wind farm of 30 MW connected to the power grid of Taiwan Power System. The twenty 1.5-MW wind doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs) of the studied Kuan-Yuan onshore wind farm are connected to the 69-kV bus through two step-up main transformers of 69/22.8 kV, 25 MVA. The measured results were recorded from September 25th, 2014 to October 28th, 2014 for total 33 days. The recorded results include three-phase voltages, three-phase currents, active power, reactive power, apparent power, power factor, frequency, current harmonics, voltage flickers, and voltage variations. It can be observed from the measured results that the power quality of the studied Kuan-Yuan onshore wind farm during the measurement interval can meet the grid code of Taiwan Power Company except the voltage flickers.","PeriodicalId":266558,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE/IAS 52nd Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference (I&CPS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133676293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/icps.2016.7490254
C. Yeh, C. S. Chen, T. Ku, C. H. Lin, C. Hsu, Y. R. Chang, Y. D. Lee
An intelligent load-shedding strategy was designed and embedded in the special protection system (SPS) to enhance the system stability for an offshore island with high penetration of photovoltaic (PV) systems. To prepare the training data set for the artificial neural network (ANN), the transient stability analysis of the isolated power system was executed to determine the minimum amount of load to be interrupted to prevent the tripping of diesel generators for the emergency shutdown of PV systems. By selecting various combinations of PV penetration levels, total system load demand and the frequency decay rate at the instant of PV system tripping as the input neurons of the ANN, the proper load shedding scheme is derived and stored in the decision knowledge base of the SPS. When the intelligent energy management system (iEMS) detects the tripping of PV system, the SPS will be triggered to determine the amount of loss to be disconnected and executes the corresponding load interruption. By applying the proposed ANN based load shedding scheme in SPS, the amount of customer loading to be interrupted has been reduced dramatically for the restoration of system stability after the emergency shutdown of high penetration PV system.
为提高光伏系统渗透率高的海岛电力系统的稳定性，设计了智能减载策略并将其嵌入特殊保护系统中。为准备人工神经网络的训练数据集，对隔离电力系统进行暂态稳定性分析，确定在光伏系统紧急停机时，为防止柴油发电机跳闸而需要中断的最小负荷。通过选择光伏渗透水平、系统总负荷需求和光伏系统跳闸瞬间频率衰减率的不同组合作为人工神经网络的输入神经元，推导出合适的减载方案，并将其存储在系统的决策知识库中。当智能能源管理系统(intelligent energy management system, iEMS)检测到光伏系统跳闸时，触发SPS，确定需要断开的损耗量，并执行相应的负载中断。将基于人工神经网络的电力系统减载方案应用于电力系统紧急停机后，大大减少了需要中断的客户负荷，从而恢复了电力系统的稳定。
{"title":"Design of special protection system for an offshore island with high PV penetration","authors":"C. Yeh, C. S. Chen, T. Ku, C. H. Lin, C. Hsu, Y. R. Chang, Y. D. Lee","doi":"10.1109/icps.2016.7490254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icps.2016.7490254","url":null,"abstract":"An intelligent load-shedding strategy was designed and embedded in the special protection system (SPS) to enhance the system stability for an offshore island with high penetration of photovoltaic (PV) systems. To prepare the training data set for the artificial neural network (ANN), the transient stability analysis of the isolated power system was executed to determine the minimum amount of load to be interrupted to prevent the tripping of diesel generators for the emergency shutdown of PV systems. By selecting various combinations of PV penetration levels, total system load demand and the frequency decay rate at the instant of PV system tripping as the input neurons of the ANN, the proper load shedding scheme is derived and stored in the decision knowledge base of the SPS. When the intelligent energy management system (iEMS) detects the tripping of PV system, the SPS will be triggered to determine the amount of loss to be disconnected and executes the corresponding load interruption. By applying the proposed ANN based load shedding scheme in SPS, the amount of customer loading to be interrupted has been reduced dramatically for the restoration of system stability after the emergency shutdown of high penetration PV system.","PeriodicalId":266558,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE/IAS 52nd Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference (I&CPS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134487823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/pcicon.2015.7435105
L. Sevov, M. Valdes
Current-differential principles are well known and commonly used for protection of medium and large size transformers, large motors, medium voltage (MV) generators, medium and high voltage buses, and any type of important power equipment with measurable input and output currents. However, is it practical to protect low voltage distribution buses using differential protection? This paper will describe bus differential protection principles as well as interlocking principles for overcurrent protection. It will discuss specific issues in applying differential protection in LV systems. It will present a concept of partial differential protection, which can be used in conjunction with Zone-Selective-Interlocking (ZSI), or as backup to traditional overcurrent protection to achieve high-speed and selective fault clearance. Additional concepts for implementation of bus differential protection using networked data in low voltage systems will be introduced.
{"title":"Considerations for differential protection in LV buses","authors":"L. Sevov, M. Valdes","doi":"10.1109/pcicon.2015.7435105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pcicon.2015.7435105","url":null,"abstract":"Current-differential principles are well known and commonly used for protection of medium and large size transformers, large motors, medium voltage (MV) generators, medium and high voltage buses, and any type of important power equipment with measurable input and output currents. However, is it practical to protect low voltage distribution buses using differential protection? This paper will describe bus differential protection principles as well as interlocking principles for overcurrent protection. It will discuss specific issues in applying differential protection in LV systems. It will present a concept of partial differential protection, which can be used in conjunction with Zone-Selective-Interlocking (ZSI), or as backup to traditional overcurrent protection to achieve high-speed and selective fault clearance. Additional concepts for implementation of bus differential protection using networked data in low voltage systems will be introduced.","PeriodicalId":266558,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE/IAS 52nd Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference (I&CPS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114607079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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