This paper applies the perspective of informality to examine the nexus between informal housing finance and housing markets in China. The study explores the causes, formation, influences and consequences of informal housing financing mechanisms in Ordos. It argues that informal housing finance contributes to the local property market boom and becomes an instrument of wealth building through homeownership, but classifies and reinforces social classes based on their gains from the property market. The study discusses the possibilities of institutionalizing informal housing finance and diversifying economic structures, with special consideration of resource-based frontier cities.
{"title":"From upstart city to ‘ghost’ city: informal housing finance in Ordos, China","authors":"Zhu Qian","doi":"10.3828/tpr.2021.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/tpr.2021.2","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This paper applies the perspective of informality to examine the nexus between informal housing finance and housing markets in China. The study explores the causes, formation, influences and consequences of informal housing financing mechanisms in Ordos. It argues that informal housing finance contributes to the local property market boom and becomes an instrument of wealth building through homeownership, but classifies and reinforces social classes based on their gains from the property market. The study discusses the possibilities of institutionalizing informal housing finance and diversifying economic structures, with special consideration of resource-based frontier cities.","PeriodicalId":266698,"journal":{"name":"Town Planning Review: Volume ahead-of-print","volume":"59 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130796059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Ruiz-López, Yadira Méndez-Lemus, Antonio Vieyra, Concepción Alvarado
This article examines sociospatial segregation and poverty in two mid-sized cities in Mexico. Data on population distribution, economic activities and poverty from 1970 to 2015 were analysed, on city and regional scales. The findings show persisting segregation on a regional scale, prioritising city centres while marginalising peripheries. It is highest among economically active, working-age, elderly and poorly educated populations. Growing centralisation was identified in tertiary economic activities and units. This unequal distribution has generated scarcities and exacerbated poverty. The findings from this theoretical-methodological approach show the need to recognise the relationships between the city and the surrounding region.
{"title":"City-regions and socio-economic segregation in mid-sized cities in Mexico: the cases of Oaxaca and Morelia","authors":"C. Ruiz-López, Yadira Méndez-Lemus, Antonio Vieyra, Concepción Alvarado","doi":"10.3828/tpr.2021.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/tpr.2021.45","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines sociospatial segregation and poverty in two mid-sized cities in Mexico. Data on population distribution, economic activities and poverty from 1970 to 2015 were analysed, on city and regional scales. The findings show persisting segregation on a regional scale, prioritising city centres while marginalising peripheries. It is highest among economically active, working-age, elderly and poorly educated populations. Growing centralisation was identified in tertiary economic activities and units. This unequal distribution has generated scarcities and exacerbated poverty. The findings from this theoretical-methodological approach show the need to recognise the relationships between the city and the surrounding region.","PeriodicalId":266698,"journal":{"name":"Town Planning Review: Volume ahead-of-print","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131209780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Caroline Lee, G. Parker, S. Buckner, C. Mattocks, A. Barnes, E. Oliver, A. Cowan, L. Lafortune
This article draws together new research findings with recent evidence, theory and policy developments relating to place-based planning for health and well-being. It considers how neighbourhood planning (NP) can support the advancement of the ageing-well agenda and well-being goals in rural areas of England. We argue that NP can theoretically impact positively on age-friendly objectives (sensitive housing design, downsizing options, social and civic participation), but this is limited without greater incentives and political commitment to integrated policy making. Without due attention, the advancement of ageing well and rural well-being through NP, as currently constructed, will remain a largely missed opportunity.
{"title":"Neighbourhood planning, rural ageing and public health policy in England: a case of policy myopia?","authors":"Caroline Lee, G. Parker, S. Buckner, C. Mattocks, A. Barnes, E. Oliver, A. Cowan, L. Lafortune","doi":"10.3828/tpr.2021.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/tpr.2021.39","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article draws together new research findings with recent evidence, theory and policy developments relating to place-based planning for health and well-being. It considers how neighbourhood planning (NP) can support the advancement of the ageing-well agenda and well-being goals in rural areas of England. We argue that NP can theoretically impact positively on age-friendly objectives (sensitive housing design, downsizing options, social and civic participation), but this is limited without greater incentives and political commitment to integrated policy making. Without due attention, the advancement of ageing well and rural well-being through NP, as currently constructed, will remain a largely missed opportunity.","PeriodicalId":266698,"journal":{"name":"Town Planning Review: Volume ahead-of-print","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131389011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With many countries around the world facing deepening housing crises and searching for ways of increasing the public acceptability of new house building, academics, planners, and policy makers have generally focused on the material, economic motivations of campaigners and the public in opposing development. This article, which focuses on the green belt planning policy in England, but with wider relevance for house building internationally, argues that whilst considerations of material ‘property’ are sometimes a poignant motivation for campaigners, planners identified more normative concerns surrounding the ‘fear of change’ as equally important. Alongside campaigners themselves, planners stressed the importance of general planning ‘principles’, especially protection of the countryside and green belt, as well as local, ‘place’ concerns about development ‘changing the character’ of an area and its effects on local facilities/services. The article reflects on the need for planners and policy makers to pay more attention to principles and place attachment in policy formulation regarding house building, whilst more effective integration of different aspects of the planning system is needed to address campaigners’ more materialistic concerns about the effects of development on local services.
{"title":"Planning principles and particular places: planners’ and campaigners’ perspectives on motivations for popular support of the green belt","authors":"Charles Goode","doi":"10.3828/tpr.2021.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/tpr.2021.37","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000With many countries around the world facing deepening housing crises and searching for ways of increasing the public acceptability of new house building, academics, planners, and policy makers have generally focused on the material, economic motivations of campaigners and the public in opposing development. This article, which focuses on the green belt planning policy in England, but with wider relevance for house building internationally, argues that whilst considerations of material ‘property’ are sometimes a poignant motivation for campaigners, planners identified more normative concerns surrounding the ‘fear of change’ as equally important. Alongside campaigners themselves, planners stressed the importance of general planning ‘principles’, especially protection of the countryside and green belt, as well as local, ‘place’ concerns about development ‘changing the character’ of an area and its effects on local facilities/services. The article reflects on the need for planners and policy makers to pay more attention to principles and place attachment in policy formulation regarding house building, whilst more effective integration of different aspects of the planning system is needed to address campaigners’ more materialistic concerns about the effects of development on local services.","PeriodicalId":266698,"journal":{"name":"Town Planning Review: Volume ahead-of-print","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128123356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Madeleine Kirstein, Mathias Schaefer, Tanja Schnittfinke, S. Greiving, Rouven Küsters
In order to reveal the present and future flooding impacts on residential and mixed-use areas, a parallel modelling approach (PMA) was carried out. With the use of geo-information systems (GIS), temporal and spatial impacts can be quantified and visualised, while the results of the proposed method justify adequate regional planning strategies for the Ruhr, Germany. As an information system which is regularly updated within a cooperation process between the municipalities concerned, the so called ruhrFISְ of the Ruhr Regional Association (RVR) seems to be a promising approach to improve the evidence basis for adaptation actions.
{"title":"Impacts of river flooding on urban agglomerations: a climate-impact analysis and the role of strategic planning for the Ruhr, Germany","authors":"Madeleine Kirstein, Mathias Schaefer, Tanja Schnittfinke, S. Greiving, Rouven Küsters","doi":"10.3828/tpr.2021.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/tpr.2021.22","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In order to reveal the present and future flooding impacts on residential and mixed-use areas, a parallel modelling approach (PMA) was carried out. With the use of geo-information systems (GIS), temporal and spatial impacts can be quantified and visualised, while the results of the proposed method justify adequate regional planning strategies for the Ruhr, Germany. As an information system which is regularly updated within a cooperation process between the municipalities concerned, the so called ruhrFISְ of the Ruhr Regional Association (RVR) seems to be a promising approach to improve the evidence basis for adaptation actions.","PeriodicalId":266698,"journal":{"name":"Town Planning Review: Volume ahead-of-print","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131636377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ethical principles in an increasingly diverse planning profession: the potential impact of different types of planners","authors":"H. Hickman, John Sturzaker","doi":"10.3828/tpr.2021.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/tpr.2021.43","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":266698,"journal":{"name":"Town Planning Review: Volume ahead-of-print","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131881250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The discussion whether and how to capture the increment of land value has been present in academia and politics for decades. Only few countries have established comprehensive systems to calculate land values and introduce a regulatory basis to directly or indirectly capture increments linked to land-use planning decisions for the public good. This article elaborates the potentials of and barriers to implementing a land-use-based direct value-capture mechanism within Austria’s fragmented planning regime. The considerations are built upon an analysis of the existing framework and instruments linked to land value and planning to identify the context of constraints for an additional or replacing instrument. Based on a legal analysis and qualitative expert interviews, key aspects for linking value capture to land-use planning decisions are identified and conclusions drawn based on a recent discussion in Austria.
{"title":"Defining the ground for land-use-based direct public-value capture in Austria","authors":"Arthur Schindelegger, Laura Sidonie Mayr","doi":"10.3828/tpr.2021.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/tpr.2021.23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The discussion whether and how to capture the increment of land value has been present in academia and politics for decades. Only few countries have established comprehensive systems to calculate land values and introduce a regulatory basis to directly or indirectly capture increments linked to land-use planning decisions for the public good. This article elaborates the potentials of and barriers to implementing a land-use-based direct value-capture mechanism within Austria’s fragmented planning regime. The considerations are built upon an analysis of the existing framework and instruments linked to land value and planning to identify the context of constraints for an additional or replacing instrument. Based on a legal analysis and qualitative expert interviews, key aspects for linking value capture to land-use planning decisions are identified and conclusions drawn based on a recent discussion in Austria.","PeriodicalId":266698,"journal":{"name":"Town Planning Review: Volume ahead-of-print","volume":"191 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116780430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Social, economic and environmental aspects of building sustainable communities receive ample academic and policy attention; far less is paid to finding financially sustainable models of urban regeneration. This case study of the Hattersley Estate in Greater Manchester, England, provides insights into an innovative approach to financing estate regeneration via novel mechanisms of planning gain, stock transfer and tenure diversification, influenced by the Mixed Communities agenda. In the context of enduring spatially concentrated deprivation, state withdrawal of regeneration funding and residualisation and neglect of public housing stock by an absentee landlord - together rendering estate renewal too expensive for conventional stock transfer - regeneration partners have instead sought to leverage local land values for a ‘self-financing’ method of regeneration. This article describes how a novel business model and financialisation fix were conceived and implemented for Hattersley’s relatively successful estate regeneration; explores the political-economic implications and contradictions of this financialised approach for urban development trajectories; and draws critical connections between research on financialisation, land value capture and municipal entrepreneurialism.
{"title":"Self-financing regeneration? Capturing land value through institutional innovations in public housing stock transfer, planning gain and financialisation","authors":"Matthew Thompson, P. Hepburn","doi":"10.3828/tpr.2021.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/tpr.2021.41","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Social, economic and environmental aspects of building sustainable communities receive ample academic and policy attention; far less is paid to finding financially sustainable models of urban regeneration. This case study of the Hattersley Estate in Greater Manchester, England, provides insights into an innovative approach to financing estate regeneration via novel mechanisms of planning gain, stock transfer and tenure diversification, influenced by the Mixed Communities agenda. In the context of enduring spatially concentrated deprivation, state withdrawal of regeneration funding and residualisation and neglect of public housing stock by an absentee landlord - together rendering estate renewal too expensive for conventional stock transfer - regeneration partners have instead sought to leverage local land values for a ‘self-financing’ method of regeneration. This article describes how a novel business model and financialisation fix were conceived and implemented for Hattersley’s relatively successful estate regeneration; explores the political-economic implications and contradictions of this financialised approach for urban development trajectories; and draws critical connections between research on financialisation, land value capture and municipal entrepreneurialism.","PeriodicalId":266698,"journal":{"name":"Town Planning Review: Volume ahead-of-print","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115757788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Policy integration is considered an essential condition for constructing a more sustainable society, but proponents of sustainable development differ in their views about what is to be integrated, what is to be developed, how to link environment and development, and for how long a time. Regional spatial planning has been a locus of attempts to resolve these differences and realise policy integration, but its mechanisms to achieve this remain less explored. This study sets out to meet three objectives as follows: (1) to identify, through a systematic literature review, a broad set of mechanisms by which (regional) spatial planning realises joined-up policy making; (2) to illustrate the identified mechanisms in two distinct spatial planning systems, Germany and England; and (3) to generate insights into factors that contribute to, and confine, the identified mechanisms. The findings identify five integrating mechanisms of spatial planning that could inform plan making, analysis and monitoring and provide lessons about the potential and constraints of these mechanisms in different social, institutional and political contexts.
{"title":"The integrating role of regional spatial planning: five mechanisms of policy integration","authors":"Abbas Ziafati Bafarasat, M. Baker, Anna Growe","doi":"10.3828/tpr.2021.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/tpr.2021.53","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Policy integration is considered an essential condition for constructing a more sustainable society, but proponents of sustainable development differ in their views about what is to be integrated, what is to be developed, how to link environment and development, and for how long a time. Regional spatial planning has been a locus of attempts to resolve these differences and realise policy integration, but its mechanisms to achieve this remain less explored. This study sets out to meet three objectives as follows: (1) to identify, through a systematic literature review, a broad set of mechanisms by which (regional) spatial planning realises joined-up policy making; (2) to illustrate the identified mechanisms in two distinct spatial planning systems, Germany and England; and (3) to generate insights into factors that contribute to, and confine, the identified mechanisms. The findings identify five integrating mechanisms of spatial planning that could inform plan making, analysis and monitoring and provide lessons about the potential and constraints of these mechanisms in different social, institutional and political contexts.","PeriodicalId":266698,"journal":{"name":"Town Planning Review: Volume ahead-of-print","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130836967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research explores the role of trendy urbanists in best practice uptake within an innovation laboratory in Latin America. Trendy urbanists are the privileged professionals who aspire to be on the cutting edge of urban planning, frequently referencing best practice policies and programmes that they see as supporting ‘livable’ and ‘sustainable’ city building. Taking the case of the Laboratory for the City in Mexico City, I illustrate that the preferred best practices of trendy urbanists are reflective of their own privilege. I conclude that, by relying on best practices and trendy urbanists, innovation laboratories are susceptible to fostering inequitable planning outcomes.
{"title":"Trendy urbanists, innovation laboratories and best practices: in pursuit of ‘progressive’ urban planning in Mexico City","authors":"R. Whitney","doi":"10.3828/tpr.2021.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/tpr.2021.12","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This research explores the role of trendy urbanists in best practice uptake within an innovation laboratory in Latin America. Trendy urbanists are the privileged professionals who aspire to be on the cutting edge of urban planning, frequently referencing best practice policies and programmes that they see as supporting ‘livable’ and ‘sustainable’ city building. Taking the case of the Laboratory for the City in Mexico City, I illustrate that the preferred best practices of trendy urbanists are reflective of their own privilege. I conclude that, by relying on best practices and trendy urbanists, innovation laboratories are susceptible to fostering inequitable planning outcomes.","PeriodicalId":266698,"journal":{"name":"Town Planning Review: Volume ahead-of-print","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130145542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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