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2009 22nd International Conference on VLSI Design最新文献

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Analog IC Design in Nanometer CMOS Technologies 纳米CMOS技术中的模拟IC设计
Pub Date : 2009-01-05 DOI: 10.1109/VLSI.Design.2009.101
W. Sansen
In nanometer CMOS technologies, several new effects emerge, such as velocity saturation and gate leakage currents. As a result the transconductance and speed are both limited by velocity saturation. Also noise and mismatch are affected as a result of the thinner gate oxides used. Moreover the supply voltage is reduced to values below 1 Volt, creating new challenges for analog circuit design. This presentation provides a review of the modifications in model parameters, including noise and distortion. It is followed by an exploration of the noise/power compromise in existing circuit blocks such as Miller operational amplifiers and Gm-C filters. An overview is the given of low-voltage amplifiers/filters configurations with both Gate and Bulk drives. Several sub-1 Volt circuits are finally discussed for different applications.
在纳米CMOS技术中,出现了一些新的效应,如速度饱和和栅漏电流。结果,跨导和速度都受到速度饱和的限制。由于使用了更薄的栅极氧化物,噪声和失配也会受到影响。此外,电源电压降低到1伏特以下,为模拟电路设计带来了新的挑战。本文介绍了模型参数的修改,包括噪声和失真。其次是对现有电路模块(如米勒运算放大器和Gm-C滤波器)中的噪声/功率折衷的探索。概述了低压放大器/滤波器配置与门和批量驱动器。最后讨论了几种亚1伏电路的不同应用。
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引用次数: 8
Measurement and Analysis of Parasitic Capacitance in FinFETs with High-k Dielectrics and Metal-Gate Stack 高k介电介质和金属栅极堆叠finfet寄生电容的测量与分析
Pub Date : 2009-01-05 DOI: 10.1109/VLSI.Design.2009.80
A. Dixit, A. Bandhyopadhyay, N. Collaert, K. Meyer, M. Jurczak
FinFET is one of the promising device architectures for sub-32nm CMOS technology nodes. These non-planar devices benefit from near bulk-Si processing and improved control of short channels due to quasi gate-all-around operation. Their device operation is well studied and optimized in last half decade by various research groups. In this paper, we help evaluate the circuit potential of FinFETs by experimentally comparing their parasitic capacitance to that of the planar FDSOI MOSFETs. It is shown that n- and p-channel FinFETs achieve as high as 50% and 28% parasitic capacitance reduction compared to the planar FDSOI MOSFETs respectively.
FinFET是32nm以下CMOS技术节点中最有前途的器件架构之一。这些非平面器件得益于接近块状硅的处理和准栅极全方位操作所带来的短通道控制的改进。近五年来,各研究小组对其设备运行进行了深入的研究和优化。在本文中,我们通过实验比较其寄生电容与平面FDSOI mosfet的寄生电容来帮助评估finfet的电路电位。结果表明,与平面FDSOI mosfet相比,n沟道和p沟道finfet的寄生电容分别降低了50%和28%。
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引用次数: 2
Efficient Placement of Compressed Code for Parallel Decompression 并行解压缩压缩代码的有效放置
Pub Date : 2009-01-05 DOI: 10.1109/VLSI.Design.2009.71
Xiaoke Qin, P. Mishra
Code compression is important in embedded systems design since it reduces the code size (memory requirement) and thereby improves overall area, power and performance. Existing researches in this field have explored two directions: efficient compression with slow decompression, or fast decompression at the cost of compression efficiency. This paper combines the advantages of both approaches by introducing a novel bitstream placement method. The contribution of this paper is a novel code placement technique to enable parallel decompression without sacrificing the compression efficiency. The proposed technique splits a single bitstream (instruction binary) fetched from memory into multiple bitstreams, which are then fed into different decoders. As a result, multiple slow-decoders can work simultaneously to produce the effect of high decode bandwidth. Our experimental results demonstrate that our approach can improve decode bandwidth up to four times with minor impact (less than 1%) on compression efficiency.
代码压缩在嵌入式系统设计中很重要,因为它减少了代码大小(内存需求),从而提高了整体面积、功耗和性能。目前该领域的研究主要有两种方向,一种是缓慢解压的高效压缩,另一种是以牺牲压缩效率为代价的快速解压。本文结合了这两种方法的优点,提出了一种新的位流放置方法。本文的贡献是一种新的代码放置技术,可以在不牺牲压缩效率的情况下实现并行解压缩。所提出的技术将从内存中获取的单个比特流(指令二进制)分割成多个比特流,然后将其馈送到不同的解码器。因此,多个慢速解码器可以同时工作,以产生高解码带宽的效果。我们的实验结果表明,我们的方法可以将解码带宽提高四倍,而对压缩效率的影响很小(小于1%)。
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引用次数: 6
A 20MS/s 5.6 mW 6b Asynchronous ADC in 0.6µm CMOS 20MS/s 5.6 mW 6b异步ADC, 0.6µm CMOS
Pub Date : 2009-01-05 DOI: 10.1109/VLSI.Design.2009.56
Theja Tulabandhula, Y. Mitikiri
The design of an N-comparator based asynchronous Successive Approximation Analog-to-Digital Converter(SAR ADC) is described (with N = 6) working at 20 MS/sand consuming only 5.6 mW for low power high speed applications like communication systems. Resetting the comparators in each conversion cycle is avoided (reducing power consumption compared to [1]) and only N latches are used overall (incl. comparator latches) for the output code. Further using only N comparators instead of 2^N − 1 as in [2], leads to huge savings in terms of area at comparable power consumption. For example, a saving of ~90% comparator area is achieved for the 6 bit ADC design when compared to the design in [2].
本文描述了一种基于N比较器的异步连续逼近模数转换器(SAR ADC)的设计(N = 6),工作速度为20 MS/sand,功耗仅为5.6 mW,适用于通信系统等低功耗高速应用。避免了在每个转换周期中重置比较器(与[1]相比减少了功耗),并且输出代码总共只使用了N个锁存器(包括比较器锁存器)。此外,只使用N个比较器而不是[2]中的2^N−1,可以在相当功耗的情况下节省大量的面积。例如,与[2]中的设计相比,6位ADC设计节省了~90%的比较器面积。
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引用次数: 5
A Novel Approach for Improving the Quality of Open Fault Diagnosis 一种提高开放式故障诊断质量的新方法
Pub Date : 2009-01-05 DOI: 10.1109/VLSI.Design.2009.53
K. Yamazaki, Toshiyuki Tsutsumi, Hiroshi Takahashi, Y. Higami, T. Aikyo, Y. Takamatsu, H. Yotsuyanagi, M. Hashizume
With the shrinking process technologies and the use of copper process, open defects on interconnect wires, contacts and vias often cause failure. Development of an efficient fault diagnosis method for open faults is desired. However, the diagnosis method for open faults has not been established yet. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for improving the diagnostic quality of open faults by introducing a threshold function in which the logical value of the line with open defect depends on the weighted logical values of its adjacent lines. By using the threshold function, we can deduce not only a faulty line but also an open defect site at the faulty line. Experimental results show that the proposed method can identify an exact faulty line in most cases with a very small computation cost. The proposed method can also identify the open defect site within 25%-length of the faulty line.
随着收缩工艺技术和铜工艺的使用,互连导线、触点和过孔上的开孔缺陷经常导致故障。开发一种有效的开放式故障诊断方法是迫切需要的。然而,目前尚未建立起对开放故障的诊断方法。本文提出了一种提高开路故障诊断质量的新方法,通过引入一个阈值函数,其中开路故障线路的逻辑值依赖于其相邻线路的加权逻辑值。利用阈值函数,我们不仅可以推断出故障线,还可以推断出故障线上的开放缺陷位置。实验结果表明,该方法在大多数情况下都能准确地识别出故障线,且计算量很小。该方法还能在故障线路长度的25%以内识别出开放缺陷点。
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引用次数: 9
Negative Exponential Distribution Traffic Pattern for Power/Performance Analysis of Network on Chips 片上网络功率/性能分析的负指数分布流量模式
Pub Date : 2009-01-05 DOI: 10.1109/VLSI.Design.2009.86
A. Rahmani, I. Kamali, P. Lotfi-Kamran, A. Afzali-Kusha, S. Safari
In this paper, we propose a synthetic traffic model based on Negative Exponential Distribution (NED). This synthetic traffic profile is more similar to some statistical behavior of realistic traces obtained by running different applications on Network-on-chips that those of conventional synthetic traffic profiles. To assess usefulness of this traffic model, the average packet hops for the proposed traffic profile is compared with those of some synthetic and realistic traffic patterns obtained from running applications on NoCs. The results show that the NED traffic profile has more similarity with the realistic traffic profiles than those of conventional synthetic ones.
本文提出了一种基于负指数分布的综合交通模型。与传统的综合流量配置文件相比,这种综合流量配置文件更接近于通过在片上网络上运行不同应用程序获得的实际轨迹的某些统计行为。为了评估此流量模型的有效性,将所建议的流量配置文件的平均数据包跳数与在noc上运行应用程序获得的一些合成和实际流量模式的平均数据包跳数进行比较。结果表明,与传统的合成交通曲线相比,NED交通曲线与现实交通曲线更接近。
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引用次数: 29
100KHz-20MHz  Programmable Subthreshold G_m-C Low-Pass Filter  in 0.18µ-m CMOS 100KHz-20MHz可编程亚阈值G_m-C低通滤波器,0.18µm CMOS
Pub Date : 2009-01-05 DOI: 10.1109/VLSI.Design.2009.19
S. Ramasamy, B. Venkataramani, R. Niranjini, K. Suganya
This paper proposes a modified, inverter based transconductor using double CMOS pair for implementation of biquad Gm-C low-pass filter with bandwidth tunable from 100 kHz to 20 MHz. This bandwidth range meets the requirements  of  zero IF receivers  for wireless applications. Major contributions of this paper are proposal for operating the Gm stage in sub-threshold region so as to minimize the power dissipation,  proposal for switching in both dummy stages and load capacitors (accumulation MOS-Capacitor)  to maintain constant capacitance. The centre frequency of the filter is varied by switching in different Gm cells. The proposed filter is designed and implemented on TSMC-0.18µm CMOS process with 1.8V supply using Gm/Id design methodology. The simulation results demonstrate the tunability of the centre frequency from 100KHz to 20MHz. The power dissipated by the filter is 12µW and 900µW at 100KHz and 20MHz respectively. The  SFDR over the entire band is 57dB.  The proposed approach guarantees the upper bound on THD to be -40dB for 300mVpp signal swing. The use of inverters with double CMOS pair results in 34dB higher PSRR compared to those using push pull inverter.
本文提出了一种改进的、基于逆变器的双CMOS对晶体管,用于实现带宽从100 kHz到20 MHz可调的双组Gm-C低通滤波器。该带宽范围满足无线应用中零中频接收机的要求。本文的主要贡献是提出了在亚阈值区域运行Gm级以使功耗最小化的方案,提出了在虚拟级和负载电容(累加式mos电容器)同时切换以保持电容恒定的方案。在不同的Gm细胞中切换滤波器的中心频率是不同的。采用Gm/Id设计方法,在TSMC-0.18µm CMOS工艺上设计和实现了该滤波器,电源为1.8V。仿真结果表明,中心频率在100KHz ~ 20MHz范围内具有可调性。滤波器在100KHz和20MHz时的功耗分别为12µW和900µW。整个频带的SFDR为57dB。该方法保证了300mVpp信号摆幅下的THD上限为-40dB。使用双CMOS对的逆变器比使用推挽式逆变器的PSRR高34dB。
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引用次数: 2
A Low Power Architecture to Extend the Tuning Range of a Quadrature Clock 一种扩展正交时钟调谐范围的低功耗架构
Pub Date : 2009-01-05 DOI: 10.1109/VLSI.Design.2009.88
R. Dutta, T. K. Bhattacharyya
A low power architecture to extend the frequency range of quadrature clock is proposed. This architecture is based on a series of dividers. It can enhance the lower frequency limit of a Quadrature Voltage Controlled Oscillator (QVCO) clock to any arbitrarily small frequency. Based on the architecture a design is shown which enhances the low frequency range up to -90% of the center frequency, assuming the QVCO tuning range is +20%. The dividers are made of Dynamic Transmission Gate Logic (DTGL) to reduce power consumption. Simulation result shows that the power consumption of the extender circuit, excluding the QVCO, is 2.1mW from 1.2V supply voltage at 3GHz input frequency in 90nm CMOS technology. The output jitter contribution by this circuit is 2ps and 0.15ps for mismatch and thermal noise respectively. Maximum output frequency achieved is 4.8GHz for differential clock and 2.4GHz for quadrature clock.
提出了一种扩展正交时钟频率范围的低功耗结构。这个架构是基于一系列的分压器。它可以将正交压控振荡器(QVCO)时钟的频率下限提高到任意小频率。在此基础上,给出了一种设计方案,在QVCO调谐范围为+20%的情况下,将低频范围提高到中心频率的-90%。分压器采用动态传输门逻辑(DTGL)来降低功耗。仿真结果表明,在90nm CMOS技术下,在3GHz输入频率下,在1.2V电源电压下,扩展电路不含QVCO的功耗为2.1mW。由于失配和热噪声,该电路的输出抖动贡献分别为2ps和0.15ps。差分时钟和正交时钟的最大输出频率分别为4.8GHz和2.4GHz。
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引用次数: 1
A "Stitch" in Time: Accurate Timekeeping with On-Chip Compensation 时间上的“一针”:芯片上补偿的精确计时
Pub Date : 2009-01-05 DOI: 10.1109/VLSI.Design.2009.70
P. Bhargava, Mohit Arora
Applications like Energy Meters that rely on real time data require accurate time under all environmental conditions. Typically, these applications rely on Real Time Clock (RTC) for all real time operations but there are many factors like crystal aging, incorrect loading and temperature variations that tend to change the frequency of the clock used for RTC resulting in inaccurate time. Hence there is an unavoidable need to have compensation technique inside the RTC to counter balance this error in clock frequency of crystal. This paper describes a digital hardware compensation technique which compensates by adding or removing pulses in a particular timing window thus maintaining accurate clock. Technique described in this paper uses simple hardware to ensure low power consumption thus maintaining longer battery life. This enables applications to use cheaper crystal that may be inaccurate and compensate for the inaccuracies within the hardware thus reducing board cost.
像电能表这样依赖于实时数据的应用程序需要在所有环境条件下精确的时间。通常,这些应用程序依赖于实时时钟(RTC)进行所有实时操作,但有许多因素,如晶体老化,不正确的负载和温度变化,往往会改变用于RTC的时钟频率,导致时间不准确。因此,不可避免地需要在RTC内部采用补偿技术来抵消平衡晶体时钟频率的这种误差。本文介绍了一种数字硬件补偿技术,该技术通过在特定的定时窗内增加或去除脉冲来进行补偿,从而保持精确的时钟。本文所描述的技术使用简单的硬件,以确保低功耗,从而保持更长的电池寿命。这使得应用程序可以使用更便宜的晶体,可能是不准确的,并补偿硬件内的不准确性,从而降低电路板成本。
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引用次数: 1
A Decade of Platform-Based Design:    A look backwards, a look forwards 基于平台设计的十年:回顾与展望
Pub Date : 2009-01-05 DOI: 10.1109/VLSI.Design.2009.100
G. Martin
It has been 10 years since a group of us wrote the book “Surviving the SoC Revolution: A Guide to Platform-Based Design”, and almost a decade since I gave a talk at VLSI 2000 in Kolkata about this theme. The intervening time has seen considerable development in the platform based design approach. It has become the near ubiquitous approach to the development of complex SoCs for many application areas. It has branched out from its original, mainly hardware-centric focus, to assume much more of a system and software focus complementing hardware. And the nature of platform architectures have changed: we now see many more embedded processors of all kinds in SoC platforms, from application-specific processors (ASIPs) to clusters of homogeneous or heterogeneous processing engines and many integrated subsystems each including one or more ASIPs or general purpose cores. This talk will look back at the past decade in platform based design and describe the evolution of architectures, design approaches and tools, and also look forward at the next decade or two and try to paint some possible scenarios for the future evolution of the platform-based approach. As we move towards new generations of design tools and higher level design approaches, what will be the main forms of platforms in future and how will designers use them?
十年前,我们一群人写了《在SoC革命中生存:基于平台的设计指南》一书,十年前,我在加尔各答的VLSI 2000上发表了关于这个主题的演讲。在此期间,基于平台的设计方法取得了长足的发展。它已经成为许多应用领域中开发复杂soc的普遍方法。它已经从最初的主要以硬件为中心的焦点扩展到更多地以系统和软件为重点来补充硬件。平台架构的本质也发生了变化:我们现在在SoC平台上看到了更多的各种嵌入式处理器,从专用处理器(asip)到同质或异构处理引擎集群,以及许多集成子系统,每个子系统都包括一个或多个asip或通用核心。本次演讲将回顾过去十年中基于平台的设计,描述架构、设计方法和工具的演变,并展望未来十年或二十年,并尝试为基于平台的方法的未来发展描绘一些可能的场景。当我们走向新一代的设计工具和更高层次的设计方法时,未来平台的主要形式是什么?设计师将如何使用它们?
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引用次数: 0
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2009 22nd International Conference on VLSI Design
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