Pub Date : 2023-04-27DOI: 10.1109/SIEDS58326.2023.10137886
Haley Austin, Abigail Freed, Alexandra Labus, Brendan Lynch, Jo-Anne Mastrullo, Julia Sharff, R. Riggs
As ticket sales and student attendance for University of Virginia (UVA) home football games decline, the university must find ways to engage fans with the football program. The following technical evaluation used a systems methodology to improve the customer experience for Scott Stadium spectators, with the additional hope of paralleling an improvement in the school’s football community. Taking a three-pronged approach, the analysis focused on traffic, in-game experience, and website design. A ride-along and interviews with the University Police Department (UPD) yielded observational data regarding game day pedestrian and vehicular traffic. The UVA Athletics Department provided ticketing data. Concessions numbers supplied by Aramark, a student survey, and the team’s observations from game days offered information regarding in-game experience. The research team’s examination of the department’s digital presence gave an analysis of the website design. The interview data and analysis of patron and vehicular traffic patterns indicated that a paucity of signage, GPS directions that only route drivers to prepaid parking, and a dated traffic plan contribute to pregame traffic backups. Investigating ticketing statistics showed that tardy students and inefficient distribution of stadium staff create sparsely attended kickoffs and entrance bottlenecks. An assessment of the game day website revealed a User Experience (UX) design that hinders fans from finding parking, concessions, and general information efficiently. Analysis of concessions data revealed that stadium staff fail to make student-preferred food items available in multiple convenient locations. Finally, the survey data revealed that many students leave before halftime, find the in-game entertainment in need of improvement, and attend games to fraternize with friends rather than watch football. Due to these results, the primary traffic recommendations involve increasing parking signage during game days and an updated traffic plan. To improve the in-game experience, suggestions include prioritizing student-preferred food items, rearranging event staff at entrance gates, incorporating incentives that encourage students and fans to arrive early and stay late at games, and updating in-game entertainment to shift student focus to on-field activities. Finally, recommendations to restructure the game day website include reducing text by utilizing images and bullet points, highlighting critical content through bolding and underlining, and grouping similar information with panels and icons.
{"title":"A Systems Approach to Improving the Spectator Experience at Collegiate Football Games","authors":"Haley Austin, Abigail Freed, Alexandra Labus, Brendan Lynch, Jo-Anne Mastrullo, Julia Sharff, R. Riggs","doi":"10.1109/SIEDS58326.2023.10137886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIEDS58326.2023.10137886","url":null,"abstract":"As ticket sales and student attendance for University of Virginia (UVA) home football games decline, the university must find ways to engage fans with the football program. The following technical evaluation used a systems methodology to improve the customer experience for Scott Stadium spectators, with the additional hope of paralleling an improvement in the school’s football community. Taking a three-pronged approach, the analysis focused on traffic, in-game experience, and website design. A ride-along and interviews with the University Police Department (UPD) yielded observational data regarding game day pedestrian and vehicular traffic. The UVA Athletics Department provided ticketing data. Concessions numbers supplied by Aramark, a student survey, and the team’s observations from game days offered information regarding in-game experience. The research team’s examination of the department’s digital presence gave an analysis of the website design. The interview data and analysis of patron and vehicular traffic patterns indicated that a paucity of signage, GPS directions that only route drivers to prepaid parking, and a dated traffic plan contribute to pregame traffic backups. Investigating ticketing statistics showed that tardy students and inefficient distribution of stadium staff create sparsely attended kickoffs and entrance bottlenecks. An assessment of the game day website revealed a User Experience (UX) design that hinders fans from finding parking, concessions, and general information efficiently. Analysis of concessions data revealed that stadium staff fail to make student-preferred food items available in multiple convenient locations. Finally, the survey data revealed that many students leave before halftime, find the in-game entertainment in need of improvement, and attend games to fraternize with friends rather than watch football. Due to these results, the primary traffic recommendations involve increasing parking signage during game days and an updated traffic plan. To improve the in-game experience, suggestions include prioritizing student-preferred food items, rearranging event staff at entrance gates, incorporating incentives that encourage students and fans to arrive early and stay late at games, and updating in-game entertainment to shift student focus to on-field activities. Finally, recommendations to restructure the game day website include reducing text by utilizing images and bullet points, highlighting critical content through bolding and underlining, and grouping similar information with panels and icons.","PeriodicalId":267464,"journal":{"name":"2023 Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium (SIEDS)","volume":"197 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125728921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-27DOI: 10.1109/SIEDS58326.2023.10137861
Josh Dornfeld, Imani Hankinson, Livia Hughes, Sarah Murphy, Ronica Peraka, McBride Rawson, L. Alonzi, Michael Smith, K. P. White, Neal Goodloe
Home Electronic Incarceration (HEI) is a tech-enabled alternative allowing the Albemarle-Charlottesville Regional Jail (ACRJ) to monitor individuals outside the correctional facility. Carefully selected individuals are allowed to serve their sentences within the boundaries of an approved location. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, local courts and ACRJ adjusted sentencing and incarceration practices to reduce jail occupancy and limit the spread of coronavirus (N. Goodloe, personal communication, September 12, 2022). We wish to explore whether the increased use of HEI affected the return to custody (RTC) at ACRJ.These methods consist of comprehensive, quantitative analysis of booking data provided by ACRJ, in conjunction with continued insight and guidance from Region Ten Community Services (locally known as "R10", a provider of mental health resources), Offender and Aid Restoration- Jefferson Area Community Corrections (OAR-JACC) and the Blue Ridge Area Coalition for the Homeless (BRACH). This paper presents results of ACRJ inmate outcomes within two areas of focus: HEI sentences pre- vs. post-COVID and HEI vs. non-HEI individuals during and since the onset of COVID. In addition to this analysis, we have collaborated with key community stakeholders to better understand the state of the Albemarle-Charlottesville criminal justice system as it recovers from the pandemic.We found that prior to the onset of the pandemic, HEI was reserved for frequent offenders who typically were serving felony charges. After the beginning of the pandemic, ACRJ began placing individuals on HEI who were more representative of the jail population as a whole in terms of prior criminal history and the mix of misdemeanor and felony offenders. We also demonstrated that individuals on HEI are incarcerated for significantly extended periods for comparable offenses than those who serve their sentence in ACRJ, as individuals in jail can get days off of their sentence for good behavior, while HEI participants are ineligible for such time credits. Finally, our analysis of RTC rates at ACRJ shows that HEI results in lower RTC rates than traditional jail sentences, pre- and post-COVID, and when split between misdemeanor and felony offenses. This analysis provides strong evidence for the efficacy of HEI as an alternative to incarceration in our local community, which may give an example for other jurisdictions to adopt or expand HEI usage in the future.
家庭电子监禁(HEI)是一种技术支持的替代方案，允许阿尔伯马尔-夏洛茨维尔地区监狱(ACRJ)监控监狱外的个人。经过精心挑选的犯人可以在指定的地点服刑。为应对COVID-19大流行，地方法院和ACRJ调整了量刑和监禁做法，以减少监狱占用并限制冠状病毒的传播(N. Goodloe, personal communication, 2022年9月12日)。我们希望探讨HEI使用的增加是否影响了ACRJ的返回羁押(RTC)。这些方法包括对ACRJ提供的预订数据进行全面、定量的分析，并结合来自第十区社区服务(当地称为“R10”，一个心理健康资源提供者)、罪犯和援助恢复-杰斐逊地区社区矫正(OAR-JACC)和蓝岭地区无家可归者联盟(BRACH)的持续见解和指导。本文在两个重点领域内介绍了ACRJ囚犯结果的结果:在COVID之前与之后的HEI句子以及在COVID发作期间和之后的HEI与非HEI个体。除了这一分析之外，我们还与主要的社区利益攸关方合作，以更好地了解阿尔伯马尔-夏洛茨维尔刑事司法系统从大流行中恢复的状况。我们发现，在大流行爆发之前，HEI是为那些通常正在服刑的重罪罪犯保留的。在大流行开始后，ACRJ开始将个人放在HEI上，这些人在先前的犯罪历史以及轻罪和重罪罪犯的混合方面更能代表整个监狱人口。我们还证明，在HEI服刑的人比在ACRJ服刑的人被监禁的时间要长得多，因为在监狱服刑的人可以因表现良好而获得减刑，而HEI参与者没有资格获得这样的减刑时间。最后，我们对ACRJ的RTC率的分析表明，HEI导致的RTC率低于传统的监禁判决，无论是在covid之前还是之后，还是在轻罪和重罪之间进行划分。这一分析提供了强有力的证据，证明在我们当地社区，高等教育作为监禁的替代方案是有效的，这可能为其他司法管辖区在未来采用或扩大高等教育的使用提供了一个例子。
{"title":"Analyzing Efficacy of Home Electronic Incarceration on Return-to-Custody Rates for Inmates During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Josh Dornfeld, Imani Hankinson, Livia Hughes, Sarah Murphy, Ronica Peraka, McBride Rawson, L. Alonzi, Michael Smith, K. P. White, Neal Goodloe","doi":"10.1109/SIEDS58326.2023.10137861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIEDS58326.2023.10137861","url":null,"abstract":"Home Electronic Incarceration (HEI) is a tech-enabled alternative allowing the Albemarle-Charlottesville Regional Jail (ACRJ) to monitor individuals outside the correctional facility. Carefully selected individuals are allowed to serve their sentences within the boundaries of an approved location. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, local courts and ACRJ adjusted sentencing and incarceration practices to reduce jail occupancy and limit the spread of coronavirus (N. Goodloe, personal communication, September 12, 2022). We wish to explore whether the increased use of HEI affected the return to custody (RTC) at ACRJ.These methods consist of comprehensive, quantitative analysis of booking data provided by ACRJ, in conjunction with continued insight and guidance from Region Ten Community Services (locally known as \"R10\", a provider of mental health resources), Offender and Aid Restoration- Jefferson Area Community Corrections (OAR-JACC) and the Blue Ridge Area Coalition for the Homeless (BRACH). This paper presents results of ACRJ inmate outcomes within two areas of focus: HEI sentences pre- vs. post-COVID and HEI vs. non-HEI individuals during and since the onset of COVID. In addition to this analysis, we have collaborated with key community stakeholders to better understand the state of the Albemarle-Charlottesville criminal justice system as it recovers from the pandemic.We found that prior to the onset of the pandemic, HEI was reserved for frequent offenders who typically were serving felony charges. After the beginning of the pandemic, ACRJ began placing individuals on HEI who were more representative of the jail population as a whole in terms of prior criminal history and the mix of misdemeanor and felony offenders. We also demonstrated that individuals on HEI are incarcerated for significantly extended periods for comparable offenses than those who serve their sentence in ACRJ, as individuals in jail can get days off of their sentence for good behavior, while HEI participants are ineligible for such time credits. Finally, our analysis of RTC rates at ACRJ shows that HEI results in lower RTC rates than traditional jail sentences, pre- and post-COVID, and when split between misdemeanor and felony offenses. This analysis provides strong evidence for the efficacy of HEI as an alternative to incarceration in our local community, which may give an example for other jurisdictions to adopt or expand HEI usage in the future.","PeriodicalId":267464,"journal":{"name":"2023 Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium (SIEDS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130020309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-27DOI: 10.1109/SIEDS58326.2023.10137773
Marla Rain Moock, Belle Williams, Professor Jonathan Bender
Many universities across the country are challenged with aging infrastructures, some of which are over a hundred years old and lack vital documentation. Among these, water dispersal systems are particularly susceptible to failures. Water inefficiencies, leaks, and flooding can negatively impact an operating college campus and those who inhabit it. This research project aims to examine the factors that contribute to leaks and bottlenecks in older universities’ water dispersal systems, propose risk mitigation measures, and recommend preventative actions, while also providing a method for campuses to log their water distribution system if there are missing maps to easily isolate and locate valves and potential problem areas within the system. The formulation of this scientific methodology was centered on the premises of Sweet Briar College, serving as a case study and tailored in accordance with its distinct needs. The methodology focuses on three primary sections: a comprehensive GIS (Geographic Information System) overview of the current water distribution system of the campus, the identification of feasible preventative maintenance measures, and the development of a framework for the prompt detection of leaks in the foreseeable future. This scientific methodology provides a roadmap for universities to assess and address their aging water distribution systems, ensuring their efficient and safe operation for years to come.
{"title":"Creating a Comprehensive Survey and Preventative Maintenance Plan for Water Piping Infrastructure on a Historic College Campus*","authors":"Marla Rain Moock, Belle Williams, Professor Jonathan Bender","doi":"10.1109/SIEDS58326.2023.10137773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIEDS58326.2023.10137773","url":null,"abstract":"Many universities across the country are challenged with aging infrastructures, some of which are over a hundred years old and lack vital documentation. Among these, water dispersal systems are particularly susceptible to failures. Water inefficiencies, leaks, and flooding can negatively impact an operating college campus and those who inhabit it. This research project aims to examine the factors that contribute to leaks and bottlenecks in older universities’ water dispersal systems, propose risk mitigation measures, and recommend preventative actions, while also providing a method for campuses to log their water distribution system if there are missing maps to easily isolate and locate valves and potential problem areas within the system. The formulation of this scientific methodology was centered on the premises of Sweet Briar College, serving as a case study and tailored in accordance with its distinct needs. The methodology focuses on three primary sections: a comprehensive GIS (Geographic Information System) overview of the current water distribution system of the campus, the identification of feasible preventative maintenance measures, and the development of a framework for the prompt detection of leaks in the foreseeable future. This scientific methodology provides a roadmap for universities to assess and address their aging water distribution systems, ensuring their efficient and safe operation for years to come.","PeriodicalId":267464,"journal":{"name":"2023 Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium (SIEDS)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122696314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-27DOI: 10.1109/SIEDS58326.2023.10137780
Golnoosh Toosi, M. M. Ahmadi
The quality of a product or process is an important issue for both customers and producers. The quality could be defined as a linear relationship between the response variable (s) and explanatory variable (s), which is called a linear profile. Another essential concept in quality control is the adaptation of quality specifications with customers' standards. The proper tool to measure customers' specifications is process capability indices (PCIs). To find the PCIs for profiles, the profile parameters should be estimated. These parameters can be estimated using classic estimators. However, in the presence of outliers, the classic estimators do not estimate the parameters accurately. Therefore, the performance of the classic indices using classic estimators is appropriate only in the absence of contamination. In this research, robust estimate methods such as M-estimator and LR-weighted MCD estimators are used to propose robust PCIs for multivariate linear profiles. The proposed robust indices include Cpm and MCpc for a multivariate linear model. The performance of the proposed robust PCIs is compared with the classic PCIs in the absence and presence of contamination. The result of simulation studies shows that robust PCIs perform better than classic PCIs in the presence of outliers. In the absence of contamination, the robust PCIs perform as accurately as classic PCIs. The proposed PCIs using LR-weighted MCD outperform the M-estimator method in all considered contamination scenarios.
{"title":"Robust Process Capability Indices for Multivariate Linear Profiles","authors":"Golnoosh Toosi, M. M. Ahmadi","doi":"10.1109/SIEDS58326.2023.10137780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIEDS58326.2023.10137780","url":null,"abstract":"The quality of a product or process is an important issue for both customers and producers. The quality could be defined as a linear relationship between the response variable (s) and explanatory variable (s), which is called a linear profile. Another essential concept in quality control is the adaptation of quality specifications with customers' standards. The proper tool to measure customers' specifications is process capability indices (PCIs). To find the PCIs for profiles, the profile parameters should be estimated. These parameters can be estimated using classic estimators. However, in the presence of outliers, the classic estimators do not estimate the parameters accurately. Therefore, the performance of the classic indices using classic estimators is appropriate only in the absence of contamination. In this research, robust estimate methods such as M-estimator and LR-weighted MCD estimators are used to propose robust PCIs for multivariate linear profiles. The proposed robust indices include Cpm and MCpc for a multivariate linear model. The performance of the proposed robust PCIs is compared with the classic PCIs in the absence and presence of contamination. The result of simulation studies shows that robust PCIs perform better than classic PCIs in the presence of outliers. In the absence of contamination, the robust PCIs perform as accurately as classic PCIs. The proposed PCIs using LR-weighted MCD outperform the M-estimator method in all considered contamination scenarios.","PeriodicalId":267464,"journal":{"name":"2023 Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium (SIEDS)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128654973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-27DOI: 10.1109/SIEDS58326.2023.10137827
Sarah R. Stanley, B. Kuhr
Simulation of neural circuits in the brain has been the focus of research from several academic disciplines. In this paper, preliminary comparisons are made between brain activity and turbulent fluid flow. The interplay correlation is drawn from the mathematics of turbulent flow in fluid dynamics, and action potential from FMRI mapping of the brain. The results are drawn from the correlation of the analysis of kinetic energy in the two processes. This work requires heavy analysis of FMRI mapping data, to strengthen the interplay correlation. The results from this study may be able to inform more accurate physical models, and thus more accurate and robust simulations of the brain
{"title":"Neural Circuit Representation Through the Interplay Correlation of Turbulent Fluid Flow and Action Potential from FMRI Mapping","authors":"Sarah R. Stanley, B. Kuhr","doi":"10.1109/SIEDS58326.2023.10137827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIEDS58326.2023.10137827","url":null,"abstract":"Simulation of neural circuits in the brain has been the focus of research from several academic disciplines. In this paper, preliminary comparisons are made between brain activity and turbulent fluid flow. The interplay correlation is drawn from the mathematics of turbulent flow in fluid dynamics, and action potential from FMRI mapping of the brain. The results are drawn from the correlation of the analysis of kinetic energy in the two processes. This work requires heavy analysis of FMRI mapping data, to strengthen the interplay correlation. The results from this study may be able to inform more accurate physical models, and thus more accurate and robust simulations of the brain","PeriodicalId":267464,"journal":{"name":"2023 Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium (SIEDS)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116039308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-27DOI: 10.1109/SIEDS58326.2023.10137790
Mallory R. Poff, Sirena C. Hargrove-Leak
According to the Environmental Protection Agency, the agriculture industry in the United States accounts for 11% of total greenhouse gas emissions. Some of these emissions are due to the refrigeration and transportation needs of agricultural products; therefore, it would be beneficial to utilize renewable energy for these functions. This study focuses on the design and implementation of a solar-powered mobile cooling unit to power refrigerated storage and transportation units, specifically for small-scale farming. To inform the design process, small-scale farmers were engaged as potential stakeholders to learn about their current practices and opportunities to create value for them with a mobile cooling unit. A series of experiments were conducted to understand the performance capabilities of the Internal Cooling System and the Solar Battery System. Temperature studies were run to ensure that desirable temperatures could be achieved and maintained within the unit. These were conducted in different weather conditions to quantify external impacts. It was shown that desired temperatures could be achieved and maintained, and that a solar-powered system would be able to serve as the power source for a mobile cooling unit.
{"title":"Solar-Powered Refrigerator on Wheels: An Engineering Design Challenge","authors":"Mallory R. Poff, Sirena C. Hargrove-Leak","doi":"10.1109/SIEDS58326.2023.10137790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIEDS58326.2023.10137790","url":null,"abstract":"According to the Environmental Protection Agency, the agriculture industry in the United States accounts for 11% of total greenhouse gas emissions. Some of these emissions are due to the refrigeration and transportation needs of agricultural products; therefore, it would be beneficial to utilize renewable energy for these functions. This study focuses on the design and implementation of a solar-powered mobile cooling unit to power refrigerated storage and transportation units, specifically for small-scale farming. To inform the design process, small-scale farmers were engaged as potential stakeholders to learn about their current practices and opportunities to create value for them with a mobile cooling unit. A series of experiments were conducted to understand the performance capabilities of the Internal Cooling System and the Solar Battery System. Temperature studies were run to ensure that desirable temperatures could be achieved and maintained within the unit. These were conducted in different weather conditions to quantify external impacts. It was shown that desired temperatures could be achieved and maintained, and that a solar-powered system would be able to serve as the power source for a mobile cooling unit.","PeriodicalId":267464,"journal":{"name":"2023 Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium (SIEDS)","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114329774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-27DOI: 10.1109/SIEDS58326.2023.10137792
Shreyas Bera, Liam Glenn, Abhay Raghavan, Emma Meno, Tyler Cody, P. Beling
Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are increasingly being used in cyber operations. Because of techniques like adversarial learning, the performance of network defenses can degrade quickly. Thus, there is an increasing need for adaptable, dynamic network defenses. Correspondingly, there has been a rise in the use of reconfiguration schemes like moving target defense in software-defined networks. However, moving target defense methods target individual adversaries and rely on an in-depth understanding of an adversary’s utility function. In contrast, domain adaptation theory suggests that learning agents are sensitive to distributional changes in their inputs, regardless of their utilities. In this paper, we identify several kinds of network changes that deter adversaries by exploiting vulnerabilities in their learned assumptions. We use an open source network attack simulator, NASim, to conduct experiments on reinforcement learning (RL)based penetration testers. We measure the time-to-relearn in order to compare the efficacy of different network changes at deterring adversaries. We find that by focusing on shifting the learning domain as a defensive strategy, we are able to degrade the performance of multiple adversaries simultaneously. With our methodology, cyber defenders have tools that allow them to raise the sophistication and cost needed by adversaries to remain a threat to network operations over time.
{"title":"Deterring Adversarial Learning in Penetration Testing by Exploiting Domain Adaptation Theory","authors":"Shreyas Bera, Liam Glenn, Abhay Raghavan, Emma Meno, Tyler Cody, P. Beling","doi":"10.1109/SIEDS58326.2023.10137792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIEDS58326.2023.10137792","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are increasingly being used in cyber operations. Because of techniques like adversarial learning, the performance of network defenses can degrade quickly. Thus, there is an increasing need for adaptable, dynamic network defenses. Correspondingly, there has been a rise in the use of reconfiguration schemes like moving target defense in software-defined networks. However, moving target defense methods target individual adversaries and rely on an in-depth understanding of an adversary’s utility function. In contrast, domain adaptation theory suggests that learning agents are sensitive to distributional changes in their inputs, regardless of their utilities. In this paper, we identify several kinds of network changes that deter adversaries by exploiting vulnerabilities in their learned assumptions. We use an open source network attack simulator, NASim, to conduct experiments on reinforcement learning (RL)based penetration testers. We measure the time-to-relearn in order to compare the efficacy of different network changes at deterring adversaries. We find that by focusing on shifting the learning domain as a defensive strategy, we are able to degrade the performance of multiple adversaries simultaneously. With our methodology, cyber defenders have tools that allow them to raise the sophistication and cost needed by adversaries to remain a threat to network operations over time.","PeriodicalId":267464,"journal":{"name":"2023 Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium (SIEDS)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127831163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-27DOI: 10.1109/lindi.2009.5258772
{"title":"Coyright Page","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/lindi.2009.5258772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lindi.2009.5258772","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":267464,"journal":{"name":"2023 Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium (SIEDS)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128371882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-27DOI: 10.1109/SIEDS58326.2023.10137775
Elizabeth R. Ottinger, Alejandro F. Medina Mora, Kaveena A. Patel, Islay R. Van Dusen, E. Gralla
Large public transportation systems, like that of the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA), must appropriately locate response personnel to respond quickly to emergencies throughout the Metrorail system. This is particularly challenging in sprawling and congested metropolitan areas like Washington, DC. The aim of this project is to support the WMATA Office of Emergency Preparedness (OEP) in determining appropriate geographic locations for response personnel with reduced response times to all areas of the Metrorail system. To that end, we developed a simulation model that evaluates response times to emergencies at WMATA Metrorail stations. The model relies on historical data of WMATA emergency incidents to generate probability distributions of incidents, and queries Google Maps application programming interface (API) using Python to provide responder travel times that account for the traffic at that time of day. The user inputs the proposed responder locations (one or several bases) and the tool outputs the response times to a set of emergencies. Resulting response times are then analyzed, visualized, and compared across scenarios, using response time distributions and geographic heat maps, to show response times for the system overall as well as specific stations or geographic areas. In collaboration with the WMATA OEP, we evaluate several scenarios involving moving their current OEP base to a more central location and/or allocating response personnel to different geographic areas. Based on these results, we recommend better locations for WMATA response personnel, which could improve response times by up to 27 minutes or 67% throughout the Metrorail system. While these results are specific to WMATA, the tool could be easily adapted to other public transit systems to support decisions on the location of emergency response personnel.
{"title":"Locating Emergency Response Facilities in the Metrorail System: A Decision Support Tool","authors":"Elizabeth R. Ottinger, Alejandro F. Medina Mora, Kaveena A. Patel, Islay R. Van Dusen, E. Gralla","doi":"10.1109/SIEDS58326.2023.10137775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIEDS58326.2023.10137775","url":null,"abstract":"Large public transportation systems, like that of the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA), must appropriately locate response personnel to respond quickly to emergencies throughout the Metrorail system. This is particularly challenging in sprawling and congested metropolitan areas like Washington, DC. The aim of this project is to support the WMATA Office of Emergency Preparedness (OEP) in determining appropriate geographic locations for response personnel with reduced response times to all areas of the Metrorail system. To that end, we developed a simulation model that evaluates response times to emergencies at WMATA Metrorail stations. The model relies on historical data of WMATA emergency incidents to generate probability distributions of incidents, and queries Google Maps application programming interface (API) using Python to provide responder travel times that account for the traffic at that time of day. The user inputs the proposed responder locations (one or several bases) and the tool outputs the response times to a set of emergencies. Resulting response times are then analyzed, visualized, and compared across scenarios, using response time distributions and geographic heat maps, to show response times for the system overall as well as specific stations or geographic areas. In collaboration with the WMATA OEP, we evaluate several scenarios involving moving their current OEP base to a more central location and/or allocating response personnel to different geographic areas. Based on these results, we recommend better locations for WMATA response personnel, which could improve response times by up to 27 minutes or 67% throughout the Metrorail system. While these results are specific to WMATA, the tool could be easily adapted to other public transit systems to support decisions on the location of emergency response personnel.","PeriodicalId":267464,"journal":{"name":"2023 Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium (SIEDS)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131240429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-27DOI: 10.1109/SIEDS58326.2023.10137901
Henry Agyemang, Sonith Riem, Samantha DiRenzo, Jonathan Ring, Jonathan T. Su
Elon University has committed to composting food waste, however currently this process requires biweekly visits from CompostNow: a company that takes compost from the community and turns it into fertilizer. Reducing the weight of the waste will result in fewer trips and therefore a reduction in carbon emissions for the composting process; according to U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization, every pound of food thrown away equates to 3.8 pounds of greenhouse gas emissions. The current process being used by Elon University requires compost to be stored in individual cans which hold 200 pounds each. Our analysis of the current composting process reveals potential for savings in cost and emissions. Since compost is comprised of 40-60% water, due to its high-water content, liquid removal from the compost would result in a more efficient process. Therefore, our team proposes a way to reduce the amount of water in compost which will in turn result in a reduction of costs for Elon University. Through observational visits, we established a process flow model of Lakeside dining hall. This included both pre-consumer and post-consumer waste. This model was used to identify potential sizes and locations for compaction as well as to specify our user needs. We additionally performed research into state-of-the-art compaction units as well as user preferences. Regulations and standards for liquid leachate disposal were also reviewed for potential effects on operations. Process flow information was used to specify and design a solution to reduce the weight of compostable food waste. We anticipate that the successful incorporation of this compaction technology into Elon University dining operations will result in decreased cost and carbon emissions associated with composting.
{"title":"Improved Food Waste Processing Through Water Removal in a University Dining Hall","authors":"Henry Agyemang, Sonith Riem, Samantha DiRenzo, Jonathan Ring, Jonathan T. Su","doi":"10.1109/SIEDS58326.2023.10137901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIEDS58326.2023.10137901","url":null,"abstract":"Elon University has committed to composting food waste, however currently this process requires biweekly visits from CompostNow: a company that takes compost from the community and turns it into fertilizer. Reducing the weight of the waste will result in fewer trips and therefore a reduction in carbon emissions for the composting process; according to U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization, every pound of food thrown away equates to 3.8 pounds of greenhouse gas emissions. The current process being used by Elon University requires compost to be stored in individual cans which hold 200 pounds each. Our analysis of the current composting process reveals potential for savings in cost and emissions. Since compost is comprised of 40-60% water, due to its high-water content, liquid removal from the compost would result in a more efficient process. Therefore, our team proposes a way to reduce the amount of water in compost which will in turn result in a reduction of costs for Elon University. Through observational visits, we established a process flow model of Lakeside dining hall. This included both pre-consumer and post-consumer waste. This model was used to identify potential sizes and locations for compaction as well as to specify our user needs. We additionally performed research into state-of-the-art compaction units as well as user preferences. Regulations and standards for liquid leachate disposal were also reviewed for potential effects on operations. Process flow information was used to specify and design a solution to reduce the weight of compostable food waste. We anticipate that the successful incorporation of this compaction technology into Elon University dining operations will result in decreased cost and carbon emissions associated with composting.","PeriodicalId":267464,"journal":{"name":"2023 Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium (SIEDS)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132655605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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