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2018 6th International Symposium on Plant Growth Modeling, Simulation, Visualization and Applications (PMA)最新文献

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Three-dimensional quantification of intercropping crops in field by ground and aerial photography 利用地面和航空摄影技术对大田间作作物进行三维定量化
Binglin Zhu, Fusang Liu, Yingpu Che, Fang Hui, Yuntao Ma
High-throughput phenotyping of plant threedimensional (3D) architecture is critical for determining plant phenotypic characteristics. The acquisition of 3D architecture of plant phenotypic traits based on multi-view photographing has been widely applied in greenhouse research. Growth process of the plants can be dynamically monitored. However, the application of this method in the field is more difficult and less due to the complex environment. In this study, maize/soybean intercropping plant populations in the field were selected as the research objects. We combined ground and aerial photography to obtain the image sequences. at the stage of seedling, jointing, tasseling and grain filling. The targeted plants were photographed with fixed point from multi-view hemispherical directions on ground photography before tasseling stage. Then, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle was used to take photos in the way of concentric circles with different radius. We preprocessed the image sequences by Support Vector Machine (SVM) method, and pixel information only containing targeted plants were achieved. We evaluated the accuracy of calculated individual height, blade length and maximum width with the measured data. Image sensitivity analysis was also done at 25 and 79 days after emergence by reducing the image numbers. Canopy coverage and plant height were compared between different scenarios. The results showed that there was a good agreement between measured and calculated plant height, blade length and blade maximum width with R2>0.90. Then the dynamic changes of plant height, crown surface and organ growth were extracted based on reconstructed 3D architecture. Sensitivity analysis showed that at the early growth stage, 50 images are enough for 3D reconstruction of the plant. However, all 300 images need to be included at the late growth stage of plants. The results can provide a basis for high-throughput phenotypic analysis related to genotypes and help to evaluate the plant architecture and canopy radiation interception.
植物三维结构的高通量表型分析是确定植物表型特征的关键。基于多视角拍摄的植物表型性状三维结构获取技术在温室研究中得到了广泛应用。植物的生长过程可以动态监测。但由于环境复杂,该方法在野外的应用难度较大,应用较少。本研究以大田玉米/大豆间作植物群体为研究对象。我们结合地面和航空摄影获得图像序列。苗期、拔节期、抽雄期和灌浆期。在抽雄期前的地面摄影中,对目标植株进行多视角半球面定点拍摄。然后利用无人机以不同半径的同心圆方式进行拍摄。采用支持向量机(SVM)方法对图像序列进行预处理,得到只包含目标植物的像素信息。用实测数据对计算的单株高度、叶片长度和最大宽度的精度进行了评价。通过减少图像数量,在出现后25天和79天进行图像敏感性分析。不同情景下的冠层盖度和株高比较。结果表明,植株高、叶片长和叶片最大宽度的实测值与计算值吻合较好,R2为0.90。然后基于重建的三维结构提取植物株高、冠面和器官生长的动态变化。灵敏度分析表明,在植物生长初期,50张图像就足够进行植物的三维重建。但是,所有300张图像都需要在植物生长后期包含。研究结果可为相关基因型的高通量表型分析提供基础,并有助于评价植物结构和冠层辐射拦截能力。
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引用次数: 3
PMA 2018 Author Index PMA 2018作者索引
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引用次数: 0
Functional-structural plant model for testing the effect of maize architecture on hourly light distribution in strip-intercropping systems 测试玉米结构对带状间作系统小时光分布影响的功能-结构植物模型
Sebastian Munz, S. Graeff‐Hönninger, M. Henke
Intercropping is an important aspect for the sustainable intensification of agriculture. Maize and a shorter legume crop are common species in intercropping systems and competition for light plays a major role on productivity given the large differences in canopy height. Particularly in intercropping systems, the light intensity for the shorter crop fluctuates strongly during the day. For selecting a maize cultivar, the influence of its architecture on this light fluctuation is very important. With the aim to pre-select suitable cultivars for experimentation and to guide breeding programs, modelling approaches are crucial. Here we present and evaluate a functional-structural plant model (FSPM) able to simulate on an hourly resolution the influence of architectural characteristics of maize on light distribution within strip-intercropping systems. This is a first step towards a complex dynamic FSPM intercropping model, suitable for detailed investigations of the effects of plant architecture on light absorption, photosynthesis and finally biomass production.
间作是农业可持续集约化的一个重要方面。玉米和较矮的豆科作物是间作系统中常见的物种,由于冠层高度的巨大差异,对光的竞争对生产力起主要作用。特别是在间作系统中,较矮作物的光照强度在白天波动较大。在选择玉米品种时,其结构对这种光波动的影响是非常重要的。为了预先选择适合实验的品种和指导育种计划,建模方法至关重要。在这里,我们提出并评估了一个功能-结构植物模型(FSPM),该模型能够以小时分辨率模拟玉米结构特征对带状间作系统内光分布的影响。这是迈向复杂动态FSPM间作模型的第一步,适用于详细研究植物结构对光吸收、光合作用和最终生物量生产的影响。
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引用次数: 2
From field data to modelling concepts: building a mechanistic FSPM for apple 从田间数据到建模概念:为苹果建立一个机械的FSPM
A. Seleznyova, A. Saei, Liqi Han, B. V. van Hooijdonk
The objective of this project is development of methods for mechanistic modelling of apple tree growth and function. The project consists of two interrelated workstreams: the prototype model building, and the experimental data collection and analysis to provide conceptual and quantitative support for model fitting, evaluation and improvement. The L-system model is built at a metamer scale and incorporates the tree architecture and carbohydrate dynamics, including acquisition, transport, allocation and reserve accumulation and mobilization. The objective and the scale of the model determined the type of the data collected in the project and their spatial and temporal resolution. Currently, the experimental results are used for testing and improving the model functions governing organ growth and carbohydrate dynamics.
这个项目的目标是开发苹果树生长和功能的机械建模方法。该项目包括两个相互关联的工作流程:原型模型构建和实验数据收集和分析,为模型拟合、评估和改进提供概念和定量支持。l系统模型建立在元尺度上,包含树形结构和碳水化合物动力学,包括获取、运输、分配和储备积累和动员。模型的目标和尺度决定了项目中收集的数据类型及其时空分辨率。目前,实验结果用于测试和改进控制器官生长和碳水化合物动力学的模型功能。
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引用次数: 1
Application of Weighted Regression for the Prediction of Soft Wheat Production in France 加权回归在法国软质小麦产量预测中的应用
Xiangtuo Chen, Benoit Bayol, P. Cournède
An accurate prediction of the production level for certain individual crops is always an important topic for the crop sector and the government decision-makers. From a perspective of the global market, these statistics are needed to make accurate price predictions, which in turn serve to make business decisions. With the development of computer science and mathematics and the easier access to the open agricultural datasets, the statistical learning methods can serve as an alternative for this purpose. In this article, the weighted statistical learning methods will be applied to predict the soft wheat production in France for the period 1995-2010 with the related methodological records. In term of prediction error, the weighted regression methods are proved to be more effective with a 5.5% relative prediction error. Besides, some simple data preprocessing methods are tested to make the predictive model simpler and more robust.
准确预测个别作物的产量水平一直是作物部门和政府决策者的重要课题。从全球市场的角度来看,需要这些统计数据来做出准确的价格预测,从而做出商业决策。随着计算机科学和数学的发展以及对开放农业数据集的更容易访问,统计学习方法可以作为这一目的的替代方法。本文将加权统计学习方法应用于1995-2010年法国软质小麦产量预测,并结合相关的方法记录。在预测误差方面,加权回归方法的相对预测误差为5.5%。此外,还测试了一些简单的数据预处理方法,使预测模型更简单、更鲁棒。
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引用次数: 2
Modelling the combined effect of moisture and temperature on secondary infection in a coupled host-pathogen FSPM 模拟湿度和温度对寄主-病原体耦合FSPM继发感染的综合影响
Katarína Streit, J. Evers, M. Renton
Weather conditions are an important driver of disease development. For example for yellow spot in wheat, warm and moist conditions favour secondary infection. Although the relationship between environment and disease development is the basis of many epidemiological models, changes in plant architecture and growth have an effect on disease progress and severity as well. Functional-structural plant models (FSPMs) are well suited to study the interactions between pathogen, climatic conditions and growing host crop. In this study we focused on simulating the effect of weather conditions on the progression of secondary infection in yellow spot and the interaction with growing wheat canopy. Simulations were performed using a coupled host-pathogen FSPM with standard meteorological data input. The model develops on previous coupled host-pathogen FSPMs by combining response functions to temperature and wetness duration and calculating the hourly progression of secondary infection. The simulated diseased area differed with different combinations of temperature and moisture response models. Changes in dispersal pattern were observed mainly in relation to spore release rate.
天气条件是疾病发展的重要驱动因素。例如小麦的黄斑病,温暖潮湿的环境有利于继发感染。虽然环境与疾病发展之间的关系是许多流行病学模型的基础,但植物结构和生长的变化也会影响疾病的进展和严重程度。功能结构植物模型(FSPMs)非常适合研究病原菌、气候条件和寄主作物生长之间的相互作用。在本研究中,我们着重模拟了天气条件对黄斑病继发侵染进程的影响及其与生长中的小麦冠层的相互作用。采用标准气象数据输入的宿主-病原体耦合FSPM进行模拟。该模型是在先前宿主-病原体耦合FSPMs的基础上发展起来的,结合了温度和湿度持续时间的响应函数,并计算了继发感染的每小时进展。不同的温度和湿度响应模型组合所模拟的病区不同。散布模式的变化主要与孢子释放速率有关。
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引用次数: 0
Presentation of CPlantBox: a whole functional-structural plant model (root and shoot) coupled with a mechanistic resolution of carbon and water flows CPlantBox展示:一个完整的功能结构植物模型(根和茎),结合碳和水流动的机制分辨率
Xiao-Ran Zhou, A. Schnepf, A. Lacointe, J. Vanderborght, D. Leitner, H. Vereecken, G. Lobet
Plant growth and development are limited by the available resources. The carbon and water flows are both important content and indicators of resource translocations. Modelling is helpful to increase the spatial and temporal resolutions of carbon and water reallocations in plants. However, the mechanism of carbon and water translocations has not been coupled into a whole Functional-Structural Plant Model (FSPM) yet. Here we developed a FSPM called CPlantBox which could (1) simulate the growth and development of the full plant structure (both root and shoot); (2) connect to a mechanistic model of water and carbon flow (PiafMunch). Our results demonstrate how carbon and water are flowing inside a plant which has three sources (leaf) and two sinks (root). We anticipate the model can be used as a tool to explore the variabilities and possibilities of plant behavior. Furthermore, several tool sets will be developed to visualize the morphological and physiological attributes of plants, which are helpful to deepen our understanding of plants and produce more with less.
植物的生长发育受到可利用资源的限制。碳流和水流都是资源迁移的重要内容和指标。模拟有助于提高植物体内碳和水再分配的时空分辨率。然而,碳和水的转运机制尚未形成一个完整的植物功能-结构模型(FSPM)。在这里,我们开发了一个名为CPlantBox的FSPM,它可以(1)模拟整个植物结构(根和茎)的生长发育;(2)连接到水和碳流动的机制模型(PiafMunch)。我们的研究结果展示了碳和水是如何在一个有三个来源(叶片)和两个汇(根)的植物内部流动的。我们期望该模型可以作为一种工具来探索植物行为的变异性和可能性。此外,还将开发一些工具集来可视化植物的形态和生理属性,这有助于加深我们对植物的理解,并以更少的资源生产出更多的产品。
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引用次数: 2
Towards a model of wheat leaf morphogenesis at plant scale driven by organ-level metabolites 器官代谢产物驱动的小麦叶片形态发生模式研究
Marion Gauthier, R. Barillot, A. Schneider, C. Fournier, C. Pradal, A. Pinet, B. Andrieu
Leaf dimensions, specific mass and composition are traits of interest, as leaves constitute the main exchange surface with the aboveground environment. These variables arise from the interplay between many processes, and vary with growth conditions. Models of plant growth are useful tools to explore a wide range of climatic scenarios, management practices and genotypes. However, most models lacks process-based formalisms allowing simulating shoot architecture plasticity. We propose a functional-structural wheat model that couples carbon and nitrogen metabolism with leaf morphogenesis during the vegetative stage. The originality of our model relies on the interaction between leaf growth and the metabolism of carbon and nitrogen in the growing zone, which is possible thanks to an explicit and detailed formalism of the processes at organ level. The model simulates the appearance of successive leaves using coordination rules instead of a constant phyllochron as a driving mechanism. As a first step, main modules were evaluated separately: the coordination model and the metabolism model of a single growing leaf. The model shows interesting emergent properties: phyllochron stability, pattern of mature leaf length along the culm and realistic kinetics of length, dry mass and concentrations in both growing and mature zones. A qualitative evaluation strategy of the completely integrated model at plant scale is then proposed. As a conclusion, the model appears to be a useful concept, which could be transposed to other grasses.
叶片的尺寸、比质量和组成是感兴趣的特征,因为叶片构成了与地面环境的主要交换面。这些变量产生于许多过程之间的相互作用,并随着生长条件的变化而变化。植物生长模型是探索各种气候情景、管理实践和基因型的有用工具。然而,大多数模型缺乏基于过程的形式化,无法模拟射击体系结构的可塑性。我们提出了一个功能-结构模型,将营养阶段的碳氮代谢与叶片形态发生耦合。我们的模型的独创性依赖于叶片生长与生长期碳氮代谢之间的相互作用,这可能要归功于器官水平上的过程的明确和详细的形式主义。该模型使用协调规则来模拟连续叶片的外观,而不是使用恒定的叶长作为驱动机制。首先,分别对主要模块进行了评价:单片生长叶片的协调模型和代谢模型。该模型显示了有趣的涌现特性:叶长时稳定性、沿秆的成熟叶片长度模式以及生长和成熟区长度、干质量和浓度的实际动力学。在此基础上,提出了全集成模型在工厂尺度上的定性评价策略。作为结论,该模型似乎是一个有用的概念,可以转换到其他草。
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引用次数: 0
StemGL, a FSPM tool dedicated to crop plants model calibration in the single stem case StemGL,一个FSPM工具,专门用于农作物模型在单茎情况下的校准
F. Ribeyre, M. Jaeger, Alexandre Ribeyre, P. de Reffye
FSPM are getting popular, open to a wide range of application and implemented in numerous simulation software or platforms. However, those seldom cover the field calibration aspects. We propose here a simple tool, StemGL, limited to single-stemmed plants, covering both calibration and simulation aspects of biomass production and allocation. Based on GreenLab model assumptions, the tool implements stochastic simulation capabilities; it offers virtual insights, and also presents field data comparisons. The application is delivered with a set of examples, with virtual plants to analyze and simulate, and real field plants with their parameters to retrieve.
FSPM越来越受欢迎,具有广泛的应用范围,并在许多仿真软件或平台中实现。然而,这些很少涵盖现场校准方面。我们在这里提出了一个简单的工具,StemGL,仅限于单茎植物,涵盖生物质生产和分配的校准和模拟方面。基于GreenLab模型假设,该工具实现了随机模拟功能;它提供了虚拟的见解,也提供了现场数据比较。该应用程序提供了一组示例,使用虚拟植物进行分析和模拟,并检索真实的现场植物及其参数。
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引用次数: 2
Quantification of differences in root system architecture under maize/soybean interspecific interactions 玉米/大豆种间相互作用下根系构型差异的定量分析
Fang Hui, Yan Guo, B. Li, Chunli Lv, Yuntao Ma
Root system architecture determines the ability of crop in water and nutrient uptake, which affects interspecific facilitation in the maize/soybean intercropping. In this study, field experiments were conducted to investigate the differences of adult root system architecture between maize (Zea mays L.)/soybean (Glycine max L.) intercropping and monocropping. The skeleton of root system was captured with 3D digitalization at filling stage of maize, then the roots were sampled and scanned. Root length and root diameter were extracted from the scanned root images. Root overlap of maize and soybean were calculated by counting the percentage of the points located on axile roots of one plant inside root system of another plant to quantify the interspecific interactions in 3D. The results showed that root-root interactions between maize and soybean altered the root system architecture of both crops. The early axile roots of maize and soybean longer than the late axile roots in two cropping patterns. Maize/soybean interspecific interactions promoted axile root elongation of maize and soybean. The asymmetric interspecific facilitation was found in diameter of axile roots, which was the late axile roots of intercropped maize significantly thicker but most axile roots of intercropped soybean significantly thinner (ANOVA, P < 0.05). Root overlap of maize and soybean in intercropping was about 4.58% and mainly distributed 20~40 cm below soil surface. The axile roots of N1~N3 of maize trended to flatly grow first and rapidly grow downward later, mainly leading to the overlap between maize and soybean root system.
根系结构决定了作物对水分和养分的吸收能力,从而影响玉米/大豆间作的种间促进。通过田间试验研究了玉米(Zea mays L.)/大豆(Glycine max L.)间作与单作成体根系构型的差异。利用三维数字化技术对灌浆期玉米根系骨架进行了捕获,并对根系进行了采样和扫描。从扫描的根图像中提取根长和根直径。通过计算一株植物轴根上的点在另一株植物根系内的百分比来计算玉米和大豆的根重叠,以三维方式量化种间相互作用。结果表明,玉米和大豆的根-根互作改变了两种作物的根系结构。两种种植方式下,玉米和大豆的早轴根比晚轴根长。玉米/大豆种间互作促进了玉米和大豆的轴根伸长。间作玉米的中轴根直径存在不对称的种间促进作用,间作大豆的中轴根较粗,间作玉米的中轴根较粗(方差分析,P < 0.05);间作玉米与大豆根系重叠度约为4.58%,主要分布在地表以下20~40 cm处。玉米N1~N3轴根呈先平生后快速下生的趋势,主要导致玉米与大豆根系重叠。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
2018 6th International Symposium on Plant Growth Modeling, Simulation, Visualization and Applications (PMA)
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