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2020 Physics Education Research Conference Proceedings最新文献

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Qualitative Analysis of Students' Epistemic Framing Surrounding Instructor's Interaction 围绕教师互动的学生认知框架的定性分析
Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1119/perc.2020.pr.sirnoorkar
Amogh Sirnoorkar, C. A. Hass, Qing X. Ryan, Eleanor C. Sayre
As part of a larger study of exploring students’ problem solving in small groups, we investigated how the instructor influences students’ epistemic framing in an upper-division electromagnetism class. We use the CAMP (Conceptual, Algorithmic, Mathematics, Physics) framework to investigate the dynamics of students’ frames surrounding their interaction with the instructor, tracking frame triplets before, during and after the instructor’s intervention during tutorial sessions. We present a case study of one such triplet (AP, CP, AP) by qualitatively analyzing student interaction with the instructor. Careful examination indicates that disagreements during the interaction necessitated the instructor to initiate conceptual discussion thereby causing a frame shift from an algorithmic to a conceptual frame.
作为探索学生在小组中解决问题的更大研究的一部分,我们调查了教师如何影响高年级电磁学课上学生的认知框架。我们使用CAMP(概念、算法、数学、物理)框架来研究学生与教师互动时的框架动态,跟踪教师在辅导课干预之前、期间和之后的框架三联体。我们通过定性分析学生与教师的互动,提出了一个这样的三元组(AP, CP, AP)的案例研究。仔细检查表明,在互动过程中的分歧需要教师发起概念讨论,从而导致框架从算法到概念框架的转变。
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引用次数: 2
Graduate programs in physics education research: A USA based survey 物理学教育研究中的研究生课程:一项基于美国的调查
Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1119/perc.2020.pr.barthelemy
Ramón S. Barthelemy, Mirna Mohamed, Alexis V. Knaub, C. Henderson
This article outlines survey results seeking to understand USA Physics Education Research (PER) Ph.D. programs. The survey explored research group composition, the number of graduates, courses taken and more. The survey was sent to a list of PER research group leaders created by crowdsourcing from the PER community. Of the 46 PER Ph.D. programs identified and invited to the survey, 25 usable responses were received. The majority of programs were in departments of physics with fewer in schools of education or institutes of science education. Most programs required graduate physics course work, with fewer requiring research methodology courses. Only five required a course in PER. The majority of graduates into academic careers. However, a robust minority pursued careers in the private sector. The survey results allow us to estimate the size of the PER community in research groups at PhD granting institutions to be n=487 people with n=156 P.h.D. students.
本文概述了旨在了解美国物理教育研究(PER)博士项目的调查结果。这项调查调查了研究小组的组成、毕业生人数、修过的课程等。该调查被发送给了PER社区通过众包创建的PER研究小组负责人名单。在确定并邀请参加调查的46个PER博士项目中,收到了25个可用的回复。大多数课程在物理系,在教育学院或科学教育研究所的课程较少。大多数项目要求研究生物理课程,较少要求研究方法论课程。只有5个国家需要学习PER课程。大多数毕业生进入学术领域。然而,为数不少的少数人在私营部门寻求职业发展。调查结果使我们能够估计博士学位授予机构研究小组中PER社区的规模为n=487人和n=156名博士生。
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引用次数: 0
Centering and marginalization in introductory university physics courses 大学物理导论课程的中心化与边缘化
Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1119/perc.2020.pr.scherr
Rachel E. Scherr, W. Hairston, S. McKagan
Research-based instructional strategies in physics promote active participation in collaborative activities as a primary means for students to construct understanding. This emphasis is in line with situated learning theory, in which learning is indicated by a student’s increasing centrality in a community. In both perspectives, to learn more is to engage more centrally: to start discussions, conduct experiments, write on the board, decide when a question has been answered, and so on. In a study of small-group collaborative learning activities in introductory physics classrooms at three different universities, we observe that as students engage with one another and with instructors, they are not only negotiating physics concepts, but also negotiating social positioning. Some students are centered (and their contributions are valued), while others are marginalized (and their contributions are neglected). The aim of this research is to become conscious of how centering and marginalization shape the way physics is taught and learned.
基于研究的物理教学策略促进学生积极参与合作活动,作为学生构建理解的主要手段。这种强调与情境学习理论是一致的,在情境学习理论中,学习是通过学生在社区中日益增长的中心地位来表示的。从这两个角度来看,学习更多就是更集中地参与:开始讨论,进行实验,在黑板上写字,决定什么时候回答一个问题,等等。在一项针对三所不同大学物理入门课堂的小组协作学习活动的研究中,我们观察到,当学生与彼此以及与教师互动时,他们不仅在协商物理概念,而且在协商社会定位。一些学生被放在中心(他们的贡献被重视),而另一些学生被边缘化(他们的贡献被忽视)。这项研究的目的是意识到中心化和边缘化如何影响物理的教学方式。
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引用次数: 0
What does the Force and Motion Conceptual Evaluation pretest measure? 力与运动概念评估预测试测量的是什么?
Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1119/perc.2020.pr.stewart
D. Hewagallage, J. Stewart
The Force and Motion Conceptual Evaluation is commonly used to measure the conceptual understanding of Newtonian mechanics. Several studies have reported a substantial difference in pretest scores between men and women. This study examines the contribution of several prior preparation factors to explain the variance in pretest score and whether these factors explain gender differences in the pretest score. The study examined a large sample ( N = 1060 ) of students taking introductory calculus-based mechanics at the university level. Women outperformed men on most prior preparation and college achievement measures. No significant differences between men and women were found in high school physics taking patterns. Linear regression analysis showed only 23% of the variance in FMCE pretest score could be explained using a linear combination of prior preparation variables. Controlling for these variables failed to explain the gender difference in pretest scores; conversely, the gender difference increased controlling for prior preparation.
力和运动概念评价通常用来衡量对牛顿力学的概念理解。几项研究报告了男性和女性在测试前得分上的巨大差异。本研究考察了几个事前准备因素对前测分数差异的解释,以及这些因素是否解释了前测分数的性别差异。这项研究调查了一个大样本(N = 1060)的学生在大学水平上学习基于微积分的力学入门。女性在大多数前期准备和大学成绩指标上都优于男性。在高中物理学习模式上,男女之间没有显著差异。线性回归分析显示,只有23%的FMCE预试得分方差可以用预先准备变量的线性组合来解释。控制这些变量无法解释测前得分的性别差异;相反,在事先准备的控制下,性别差异增加了。
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引用次数: 0
Toward a framework for the natures of proportional reasoning in introductory physics 介绍物理学中比例推理本质的框架
Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1119/perc.2020.pr.boudreaux
A. Boudreaux, S. Kanim, Alexis Olsho, S. Brahmia, Charlotte Zimmerman, Trevor I. Smith
We present a set of modes of reasoning about ratio and proportion as a means of operationalizing expert practice in physics. These modes, or natures of proportional reasoning, stem from consideration of how physicists reason in context and are informed by prior work in physics and mathematics education. We frame the natures as the core of an emerging framework for proportional reasoning in introductory physics, that will categorize the uses of proportional reasoning in introductory physics contexts, and provide guidance for the development of reliable assessments. We share results from preliminary assessment items indicating that university physics students have difficulty interpreting and applying ratios in context.
我们提出了一套关于比率和比例的推理模式,作为物理专家实践的操作手段。这些模式,或比例推理的性质,源于物理学家如何在上下文中进行推理的考虑,并受到先前物理和数学教育工作的影响。我们将这些性质作为介绍性物理中比例推理的新兴框架的核心,该框架将对介绍性物理环境中比例推理的使用进行分类,并为可靠评估的发展提供指导。我们分享了初步评估项目的结果,表明大学物理系学生在语境中难以解释和应用比率。
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引用次数: 5
Student perceptions of laboratory classroom activities and experimental physics practice 学生对实验室课堂活动和实验物理实践的认知
Pub Date : 2020-08-25 DOI: 10.1119/perc.2020.pr.Dounas-Frazer
D. Dounas-Frazer, K. S. Johnson, Soojin Park, Jacob T. Stanley, H. Lewandowski
We report results from a study designed to identify links between undergraduate students' views about experimental physics and their engagement in multiweek projects in lab courses. Using surveys and interviews, we explored whether students perceived particular classroom activities to be features of experimental physics practice. We focused on 18 activities, including maintaining lab notebooks, fabricating parts, and asking others for help. Interviewees identified activities related to project execution as intrinsic to experimental physics practice based on high prevalence of those activities in interviewees' own projects. Fabrication-oriented activities were identified as conditional features of experimentation based on differences between projects, which interviewees attributed to variations in project resources. Interpersonal activities were also viewed as conditional features of experimentation, dependent upon one's status as novice or expert. Our findings suggest that students' views about experimental physics are shaped by firsthand experiences of their own projects and secondhand experiences of those of others.
我们报告了一项研究的结果,该研究旨在确定本科生对实验物理的看法与他们参与实验课中为期数周的项目之间的联系。通过调查和访谈,我们探讨了学生是否认为特定的课堂活动是实验物理实践的特征。我们专注于18项活动,包括维护实验笔记本、制造零件和向他人寻求帮助。受访者认为,与项目执行相关的活动是实验物理实践的内在因素,因为这些活动在受访者自己的项目中非常普遍。基于项目之间的差异,以制造为导向的活动被确定为实验的条件特征,受访者将其归因于项目资源的变化。人际交往活动也被视为实验的条件特征,取决于一个人是新手还是专家。我们的研究结果表明,学生对实验物理的看法是由他们自己项目的第一手经验和其他人项目的二手经验形成的。
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引用次数: 2
How the learning environment predicts male and female students’ motivational beliefs in algebra-based introductory physics 学习环境如何预测男女学生在代数基础物理入门课程中的动机信念
Pub Date : 2020-08-05 DOI: 10.1119/perc.2020.pr.Cwik
Sonja Cwik, Kyle M. Whitcomb, C. Singh
Societal stereotypes and biases pertaining to who belongs in physics and who can excel in physics can impact motivational beliefs, e.g., of women and racial and ethnic minority students in physics courses. This study investigates how the learning environment predicts male and female students' motivational beliefs including physics self-efficacy, interest, and identity at the end of year long (spanning two-semester) algebra-based introductory physics courses. These were courses at a large university in the US taken primarily by biological science majors many of whom are interested in health professions. Although women are not underrepresented in these physics courses, societal stereotypes and biases internalized by female students over their lifetime can still impact their motivational beliefs about physics. Our findings show gender gap in motivational beliefs favoring men. These findings can be useful to provide support and create an equitable and inclusive learning environment to help all students excel in these courses.
关于谁属于物理学和谁能在物理学方面表现出色的社会陈规定型观念和偏见会影响动机信念,例如妇女和少数种族和族裔学生在物理课程中的信念。本研究探讨了在为期一年(跨越两个学期)的代数物理导论课程结束时,学习环境如何预测男女学生的动机信念,包括物理自我效能感、兴趣和认同。这些是美国一所大型大学的课程,主要由生物科学专业的学生参加,其中许多人对卫生专业感兴趣。尽管女性在这些物理课程中的比例并不低,但女学生一生中内化的社会刻板印象和偏见仍然会影响她们对物理的动机信念。我们的研究结果显示,性别差异的动机信念有利于男性。这些发现有助于提供支持,创造一个公平和包容的学习环境,帮助所有学生在这些课程中脱颖而出。
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引用次数: 1
Exploring student facility with "goes like'' reasoning in introductory physics 探索学生在入门物理中的“类似”推理能力
Pub Date : 2020-07-20 DOI: 10.1119/perc.2020.pr.Zimmerman
Charlotte Zimmerman, Alexis Olsho, A. Boudreaux, Trevor I. Smith, Philip Eaton, S. Brahmia
Covariational reasoning -- reasoning about how changes in one quantity relate to changes in another quantity -- has been examined extensively in mathematics education research. Little research has been done, however, on covariational reasoning in introductory physics contexts. We explore one aspect of covariational reasoning: ``goes like'' reasoning. ``Goes like'' reasoning refers to ways physicists relate two quantities through a simplified function. For example, physicists often say that ``the electric field goes like one over r squared.'' While this reasoning mode is used regularly by physicists and physics instructors, how students make sense of and use it remains unclear. We present evidence from reasoning inventory items which indicate that many students are sense making with tools from prior math instruction, that could be developed into expert ``goes like'' thinking with direct instruction. Recommendations for further work in characterizing student sense making as a foundation for future development of instruction are made.
协变推理——关于一个量的变化如何与另一个量的变化相关的推理——在数学教育研究中得到了广泛的研究。然而,在物理入门的背景下,协变推理的研究很少。我们探索协变推理的一个方面:“”就像“推理”。推理指的是物理学家通过简化函数将两个量联系起来的方法。例如,物理学家经常说电场是1 / r²。虽然物理学家和物理教师经常使用这种推理模式,但学生如何理解和使用它仍不清楚。我们从推理清单项目中提供的证据表明,许多学生使用先前数学教学的工具进行理解,可以在直接指导下发展成专家的“像”思维。建议进一步的工作,以表征学生的理解,作为未来教学发展的基础。
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引用次数: 2
Toward a valid instrument for measuring physics quantitative literacy 探索一种有效的测量物理定量素养的仪器
Pub Date : 2020-07-16 DOI: 10.1119/perc.2020.pr.Smith_T
Trevor I. Smith, Philip Eaton, S. Brahmia, Alexis Olsho, A. Boudreaux, Charlotte Zimmerman
We have developed the Physics Inventory of Quantitative Literacy (PIQL) as a tool to measure students' quantitative literacy in the context of introductory physics topics. We present the results from various quantitative analyses used to establish the validity of both the individual items and the PIQL as a whole. We show how examining the results from classical test theory analyses, factor analysis, and item response curves informed decisions regarding the inclusion, removal, or modification of items. We also discuss how the choice to include multiple-choice/multiple-response items has informed both our choices for analyses and the interpretations of their results. We are confident that the most recent version of the PIQL is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring students' physics quantitative literacy in calculus-based introductory physics courses at our primary research site. More data are needed to establish its validity for use at other institutions and in other courses.
我们开发了物理定量素养量表(PIQL),作为在介绍性物理主题背景下测量学生定量素养的工具。我们提出了各种定量分析的结果,用于建立个人项目和PIQL作为一个整体的有效性。我们展示了如何检查经典测试理论分析、因素分析和项目反应曲线的结果,从而决定是否包含、删除或修改项目。我们还讨论了选择包含多项选择/多项回答项目如何影响我们的分析选择和对结果的解释。我们有信心,最新版本的PIQL是一个有效和可靠的工具,用于测量学生的物理定量素养在微积分为基础的物理入门课程在我们的主要研究站点。需要更多的数据来确定其在其他机构和其他课程中使用的有效性。
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引用次数: 3
Online administration of a reasoning inventory in development 开发中的推理库存的在线管理
Pub Date : 2020-07-16 DOI: 10.1119/perc.2020.pr.Olsho
Alexis Olsho, S. Brahmia, Trevor I. Smith, Charlotte Zimmerman, A. Boudreaux, Philip Eaton
We are developing a new research based assessment (RBA) focused on quantitative reasoning -- rather than conceptual understanding -- in physics contexts. We rapidly moved administration of the RBA online in Spring 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We present our experiences with online, unproctored administration of an RBA in development to students enrolled in a large-enrollment, calculus-based, introductory physics course. We describe our attempts to adhere to best practices on a limited time frame, and present a preliminary analysis of the results, comparing results from the online administration to earlier results from in-person, proctored administration. We include discussion of online administration of multiple-choice/multiple-response (MCMR) items, which we use on the instrument as a way to probe multiple facets of student reasoning. Our initial comparison indicates little difference between online and paper administrations of the RBA, consistent with previous work by other researchers.
我们正在开发一种新的基于研究的评估(RBA),专注于物理背景下的定量推理,而不是概念理解。由于2019冠状病毒病大流行,我们于2020年春季迅速将澳大利亚央行的管理转移到网上。我们向报名参加大规模、以微积分为基础的物理入门课程的学生介绍我们在开发中的RBA在线、无监考管理方面的经验。我们描述了我们在有限的时间框架内坚持最佳实践的尝试,并对结果进行了初步分析,将在线管理的结果与早期现场监督管理的结果进行了比较。我们还讨论了多项选择/多项回答(MCMR)项目的在线管理,我们在仪器上使用这些项目来探索学生推理的多个方面。我们的初步比较表明,在线和纸质管理之间的差异不大,与其他研究人员之前的工作一致。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
2020 Physics Education Research Conference Proceedings
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