Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/ICGPR.2018.8441630
J. Bradford, Katherine V. Huntley, H. Friedman, M. Boyles
The Libarna Urban Landscapes Project is using non-invasive techniques to identify buried structures in the Roman city of Libarna, Piedmont, Italy. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is being used to supplement areas where drone photography and electrical resistivity measurements are ineffective. GPR has imaged previously unidentified structures in several areas that are likely of Roman origin. These data will be used to develop an excavation plan for future field work.
{"title":"Ground-Penetrating Radar Surveys to Investigate the Roman Colony of Libarna","authors":"J. Bradford, Katherine V. Huntley, H. Friedman, M. Boyles","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2018.8441630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2018.8441630","url":null,"abstract":"The Libarna Urban Landscapes Project is using non-invasive techniques to identify buried structures in the Roman city of Libarna, Piedmont, Italy. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is being used to supplement areas where drone photography and electrical resistivity measurements are ineffective. GPR has imaged previously unidentified structures in several areas that are likely of Roman origin. These data will be used to develop an excavation plan for future field work.","PeriodicalId":269482,"journal":{"name":"2018 17th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133272792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/ICGPR.2018.8441653
J. Baek, Jin-sung Yoon, C. Lee, Y. Choi
The city of Seoul has been in trouble due to road safety problems induced by a sudden and random road cave-ins. Extensive field investigations have been conducted to understand the phenomenon of the road cave-ins. This study introduced the results of field investigation on the development of road cave-ins and subsurface cavities. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) test results also reported to detect subsurface cavities which may become road cave-ins in the future. Field tests indicate that most subsurface cavities consist of three parts: head, body, and tail. The causes of the cavities were sewage defects, lack of backfill compaction, and insufficient earthwork. Subsurface cavities were detected successfully using the GPR tests and repaired according to the level of road cave-in potential. Two years of GPR tests and restoration resulted in a 67% reduction in the urban road.
{"title":"A Case Study on Detection of Subsurface Cavities of Urban Roads Using Ground-coupled GPR","authors":"J. Baek, Jin-sung Yoon, C. Lee, Y. Choi","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2018.8441653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2018.8441653","url":null,"abstract":"The city of Seoul has been in trouble due to road safety problems induced by a sudden and random road cave-ins. Extensive field investigations have been conducted to understand the phenomenon of the road cave-ins. This study introduced the results of field investigation on the development of road cave-ins and subsurface cavities. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) test results also reported to detect subsurface cavities which may become road cave-ins in the future. Field tests indicate that most subsurface cavities consist of three parts: head, body, and tail. The causes of the cavities were sewage defects, lack of backfill compaction, and insufficient earthwork. Subsurface cavities were detected successfully using the GPR tests and repaired according to the level of road cave-in potential. Two years of GPR tests and restoration resulted in a 67% reduction in the urban road.","PeriodicalId":269482,"journal":{"name":"2018 17th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133158567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/ICGPR.2018.8441564
Xianyang Gao, F. Podd, W. van Verre, D. Daniels, Yee M. Tan, A. Peyton
Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is an important non-destructive tool to detect landmines. It radiates radar pulses to probe the ground that contains a variety of media, including landmine, sand, soil, clay, water, etc. and a large number of clutter items like burrows, cracks, discarded waste, branches and roots, metal wire, and so on. The subsurface is in such a complex and unidentified condition, that it will impact the performance of the GPR system considerably. This brings a big challenge for the system developers to control and understand the GPR system, especially during the early stage of the design. Therefore, a simpler and less time-consuming simulation method for GPR than the real-field test is essential for engineers to have an overview and a clear grasp of the whole GPR system. This paper uses gprMax, an open-source software using the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method, to explore the parameter tradeoffs for a transmitter-receiver pair of bowtie antennas operating at different spacing and heights above the ground for target at different depths.
{"title":"Simulation of Ground Penetrating Radar for Anti-personnel Landmine Detection","authors":"Xianyang Gao, F. Podd, W. van Verre, D. Daniels, Yee M. Tan, A. Peyton","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2018.8441564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2018.8441564","url":null,"abstract":"Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is an important non-destructive tool to detect landmines. It radiates radar pulses to probe the ground that contains a variety of media, including landmine, sand, soil, clay, water, etc. and a large number of clutter items like burrows, cracks, discarded waste, branches and roots, metal wire, and so on. The subsurface is in such a complex and unidentified condition, that it will impact the performance of the GPR system considerably. This brings a big challenge for the system developers to control and understand the GPR system, especially during the early stage of the design. Therefore, a simpler and less time-consuming simulation method for GPR than the real-field test is essential for engineers to have an overview and a clear grasp of the whole GPR system. This paper uses gprMax, an open-source software using the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method, to explore the parameter tradeoffs for a transmitter-receiver pair of bowtie antennas operating at different spacing and heights above the ground for target at different depths.","PeriodicalId":269482,"journal":{"name":"2018 17th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115499565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/ICGPR.2018.8441660
Kazunori Takahashi, K. Aoike
We developed a framework of inspecting tree trunks with ground-penetrating radar (GPR) in non-destructive manner for diagnosing the health, which have commonly been performed by drilling. The reflection measurement collects data by scanning antennas around a tree trunk, and the detailed image of internal structure is constructed by synthetic aperture radar (SAR) processing, taking the trunk shape into account. The transmission measurements allows us to distinguish heartwood and decay, which is difficult by the reflection imaging alone. The data analysis is demonstrated with synthetic data as well as a laboratory experiment with a log. We also present the developed framework applied to a tree inspection project for very old trees in a shrine. We successfully obtained reasonable results, which are consistent with the visual inspection results.
{"title":"GPR Measurements for Diagnosing Tree Trunk","authors":"Kazunori Takahashi, K. Aoike","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2018.8441660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2018.8441660","url":null,"abstract":"We developed a framework of inspecting tree trunks with ground-penetrating radar (GPR) in non-destructive manner for diagnosing the health, which have commonly been performed by drilling. The reflection measurement collects data by scanning antennas around a tree trunk, and the detailed image of internal structure is constructed by synthetic aperture radar (SAR) processing, taking the trunk shape into account. The transmission measurements allows us to distinguish heartwood and decay, which is difficult by the reflection imaging alone. The data analysis is demonstrated with synthetic data as well as a laboratory experiment with a log. We also present the developed framework applied to a tree inspection project for very old trees in a shrine. We successfully obtained reasonable results, which are consistent with the visual inspection results.","PeriodicalId":269482,"journal":{"name":"2018 17th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114644588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/ICGPR.2018.8441634
M. Grasmueck, D. Viggiano
The demand for high resolution 3D GPR imaging of the subsurface results in the acquisition of large datasets in utility mapping, archeological prospection, and concrete structural inspection. Visualization, analysis, and interpretation of such data is plagued by the need of high-end hardware and software, limited survey size for smooth user interaction, and the loss of resolution and low amplitude features contained in the original high-quality data. To overcome these bottlenecks, we use a 2D color matrix to automatically color code by amplitude and depth all features visible in thick horizontal slices. The resulting PondView is a top view of the buried features as if they were submerged in a clear pond illuminated by the sun from above. Prototype test results on a full-resolution 500 MHz 3D GPR survey show how pipes, tree roots and small metal objects can be easily recognized, interpreted, and located with centimeter precision without the need of vertical profiles. PondView bitmaps and animations can be generated on a standard PC and viewed on handheld devices like photographs and movies.
对地下高分辨率三维探地雷达成像的需求导致在公用事业测绘、考古勘探和混凝土结构检查中获取大量数据集。这些数据的可视化、分析和解释受到高端硬件和软件需求的困扰，为实现流畅的用户交互而进行的调查规模有限，以及原始高质量数据中包含的分辨率和低幅度特征的丢失。为了克服这些瓶颈，我们使用2D颜色矩阵根据振幅和深度自动对厚水平切片中可见的所有特征进行颜色编码。由此产生的PondView是被掩埋的特征的俯视图，就好像它们被淹没在一个清澈的池塘里，被上面的太阳照亮。全分辨率500 MHz 3D GPR测量的原型测试结果显示，管道，树根和小金属物体可以轻松识别，解释和定位，无需垂直剖面，精度为厘米。PondView位图和动画可以在标准PC上生成，并在手持设备上观看，如照片和电影。
{"title":"PondView: Intuitive and Efficient Visualization of 3D GPR Data","authors":"M. Grasmueck, D. Viggiano","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2018.8441634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2018.8441634","url":null,"abstract":"The demand for high resolution 3D GPR imaging of the subsurface results in the acquisition of large datasets in utility mapping, archeological prospection, and concrete structural inspection. Visualization, analysis, and interpretation of such data is plagued by the need of high-end hardware and software, limited survey size for smooth user interaction, and the loss of resolution and low amplitude features contained in the original high-quality data. To overcome these bottlenecks, we use a 2D color matrix to automatically color code by amplitude and depth all features visible in thick horizontal slices. The resulting PondView is a top view of the buried features as if they were submerged in a clear pond illuminated by the sun from above. Prototype test results on a full-resolution 500 MHz 3D GPR survey show how pipes, tree roots and small metal objects can be easily recognized, interpreted, and located with centimeter precision without the need of vertical profiles. PondView bitmaps and animations can be generated on a standard PC and viewed on handheld devices like photographs and movies.","PeriodicalId":269482,"journal":{"name":"2018 17th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122152307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/ICGPR.2018.8441522
Haoqiu Zhou, Xuan Feng, Yan Zhang, E. Nilot, Minghe Zhang, Zejun Dong, Jiahui Qi
Subsurface target classification of GPR is a hot topic of geophysical field which is aimed to classify different kinds of targets based on their attributes, such as polarimetric attributes and geometrical features, although the existing methods can classify different targets, but they are not efficient and intelligent enough, especially in dealing with data of large amounts. Support Vector Machine is a method of Machine Learning which is used to classify different kinds of samples based on their attributes. We combine Support Vector Machine(SVM) with H-Alpha Decomposition for subsurface target classification of GPR. We use H and $alpha$ as parameters of SVM for target classification. To test the effect of the combination of these two methods, we process the polarimetric data of three different kinds of targets measured in laboratory and obtain the data of H and $alpha$, then we use the data of H and $alpha$ to test the support vector machine and it turned out to be effective and feasible, and the accuracy is relatively high.
{"title":"Combination of Support Vector Machine and H-Alpha Decomposition for Subsurface Target Classification of GPR","authors":"Haoqiu Zhou, Xuan Feng, Yan Zhang, E. Nilot, Minghe Zhang, Zejun Dong, Jiahui Qi","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2018.8441522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2018.8441522","url":null,"abstract":"Subsurface target classification of GPR is a hot topic of geophysical field which is aimed to classify different kinds of targets based on their attributes, such as polarimetric attributes and geometrical features, although the existing methods can classify different targets, but they are not efficient and intelligent enough, especially in dealing with data of large amounts. Support Vector Machine is a method of Machine Learning which is used to classify different kinds of samples based on their attributes. We combine Support Vector Machine(SVM) with H-Alpha Decomposition for subsurface target classification of GPR. We use H and $alpha$ as parameters of SVM for target classification. To test the effect of the combination of these two methods, we process the polarimetric data of three different kinds of targets measured in laboratory and obtain the data of H and $alpha$, then we use the data of H and $alpha$ to test the support vector machine and it turned out to be effective and feasible, and the accuracy is relatively high.","PeriodicalId":269482,"journal":{"name":"2018 17th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117081078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/ICGPR.2018.8441680
P. Ryazantsev, V. Mironov
According to background data, bog systems can be successfully surveyed using the ground penetrating radar (GPR). The high contrast resolution of peat due to its electrical characteristics accounts for this. This paper demonstrates the results of the GPR usage in the Republic of Karelia (Russia). Data collection was carried out by the OKO-2 radar with the 150M antenna unit (150 MHz frequency). Data from stratigraphic columns was used as reference information. The brightest element on the radar profile is the boundary line of the bog mineral base, comprising of sand. All of the GPR traces allow to reliably identify facies, which can be correlated with peat types. The radar profiles were compared with the peat decomposition level indicators. It was defined that change in levels of peat decomposition leads to emergence of new reflective boundary lines. The research conducted demonstrates the high efficiency of GPR in identifying the composition and structure of peat deposits. It is established that different peat types generate specific GPR facies, which can be used as search attributes. The comparison between the GPR interpretation results and core section drilling materials confirms the reliability of the conclusions reached.
{"title":"Study of peatland internal structure by the Ground Penetrating Radar","authors":"P. Ryazantsev, V. Mironov","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2018.8441680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2018.8441680","url":null,"abstract":"According to background data, bog systems can be successfully surveyed using the ground penetrating radar (GPR). The high contrast resolution of peat due to its electrical characteristics accounts for this. This paper demonstrates the results of the GPR usage in the Republic of Karelia (Russia). Data collection was carried out by the OKO-2 radar with the 150M antenna unit (150 MHz frequency). Data from stratigraphic columns was used as reference information. The brightest element on the radar profile is the boundary line of the bog mineral base, comprising of sand. All of the GPR traces allow to reliably identify facies, which can be correlated with peat types. The radar profiles were compared with the peat decomposition level indicators. It was defined that change in levels of peat decomposition leads to emergence of new reflective boundary lines. The research conducted demonstrates the high efficiency of GPR in identifying the composition and structure of peat deposits. It is established that different peat types generate specific GPR facies, which can be used as search attributes. The comparison between the GPR interpretation results and core section drilling materials confirms the reliability of the conclusions reached.","PeriodicalId":269482,"journal":{"name":"2018 17th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124799254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/ICGPR.2018.8441544
I. Catapano, G. Ludeno, F. Soldovieri, Francesco Tosti, G. Padeletti
Gubbio, as many Italian historical centers, can be considered as an open-air and living museum affected by a degradation process due to natural aging, human pressure, environmental and climatic changes. Accordingly, it was considered as a valuable test site, in the frame of the H2020 HERACLES project, to verify the effectiveness of novel approaches and eco-solutions for a preservation of cultural heritage assets. In this frame, being an effective sensing tool able to perform non-invasive subsurface analysis, GPR was exploited to investigate two important areas of Gubbio. Here, we present the main results of the two GPR surveys, which have allowed an improvement of knowledge about structural features and soil stratigraphy.
{"title":"GPR surveys for soil and structural investigations at Gubbio town, Italy","authors":"I. Catapano, G. Ludeno, F. Soldovieri, Francesco Tosti, G. Padeletti","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2018.8441544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2018.8441544","url":null,"abstract":"Gubbio, as many Italian historical centers, can be considered as an open-air and living museum affected by a degradation process due to natural aging, human pressure, environmental and climatic changes. Accordingly, it was considered as a valuable test site, in the frame of the H2020 HERACLES project, to verify the effectiveness of novel approaches and eco-solutions for a preservation of cultural heritage assets. In this frame, being an effective sensing tool able to perform non-invasive subsurface analysis, GPR was exploited to investigate two important areas of Gubbio. Here, we present the main results of the two GPR surveys, which have allowed an improvement of knowledge about structural features and soil stratigraphy.","PeriodicalId":269482,"journal":{"name":"2018 17th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127127441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/ICGPR.2018.8441607
E. Slob
In one dimension, full waveform inversion is shown to be a linear problem under several conditions. I show that if the magnetic permeability can be assumed constant and electric conductivity to be zero, measuring the magnetic field at the surface or in the air suffices as input data. I present the theory using integral equations that describe the electric field inside the medium in terms of contrast sources. The electric field inside the medium can be computed from the measured magnetic field by solving a Marchenko equation. Once this field is known only the contrast function is unknown and can be found by matrix inversion. If the electric field is also measured the inverse problem can be solved recursively. In one dimension depth is intrinsically unknown and I use recording time as a replacing coordinate. After the electric permittivity is known as a function of one-way travel time from surface to a depth level inside the medium, the depth level can be found by an integral. This produces electric permittivity as a function of depth and full waveform inversion is complete. A simple numerical example demonstrates the method.
{"title":"Theory for 1D full waveform inversion of surface GPR data","authors":"E. Slob","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2018.8441607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2018.8441607","url":null,"abstract":"In one dimension, full waveform inversion is shown to be a linear problem under several conditions. I show that if the magnetic permeability can be assumed constant and electric conductivity to be zero, measuring the magnetic field at the surface or in the air suffices as input data. I present the theory using integral equations that describe the electric field inside the medium in terms of contrast sources. The electric field inside the medium can be computed from the measured magnetic field by solving a Marchenko equation. Once this field is known only the contrast function is unknown and can be found by matrix inversion. If the electric field is also measured the inverse problem can be solved recursively. In one dimension depth is intrinsically unknown and I use recording time as a replacing coordinate. After the electric permittivity is known as a function of one-way travel time from surface to a depth level inside the medium, the depth level can be found by an integral. This produces electric permittivity as a function of depth and full waveform inversion is complete. A simple numerical example demonstrates the method.","PeriodicalId":269482,"journal":{"name":"2018 17th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125397348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/ICGPR.2018.8441625
S. Jaw, R. van Son, Victor Khoo Hock Soon, G. Schrotter, Richard Loo Wei Kiah, Sandy Teo Shen Ni, Jingya Yan
Land shortage has been on the global agenda, especially in countries with high population density such as Singapore, Hong Kong and Japan. Urban expansion and rapid population growth in these countries have led to limited surface land. In order to compensate for the shortage of surface land, the spaces below the ground surface (i.e. the stratum) are being requisitioned for the purpose of utility networks installation, public usage (e.g. pedestrian underpass, shopping malls, etc.), transportation (e.g.: subway or vehicular tunnels) and private or personal storage (e.g. car garage or basement). With the development of underground infrastructure, there is a need for monitoring and mapping these infrastructures for better usage and planning for underground spaces. This paper highlights the initiative embarked on by Singapore-ETH Centre together with Singapore Land Authority (SLA) on three-dimensional (3D) underground utility services mapping. The results ultimately contribute to the establishment of a roadmap towards a reliable 3D map of utility networks in Singapore. Several case studies for utility network mapping conducted in different cities, such as Zurich (city in Switzerland), Kuala Lumpur (city in Malaysia) and Hong Kong have been used to establish best practices for underground utility mapping using ground penetrating radar (GPR). It is expected that reliable and accurate information of these underground utility networks can lead to a better understanding and management of underground space, which eventually contributes to better city planning, making the “unseen” structures become visible.
{"title":"The Need for a Reliable Map of Utility Networks for Planning Underground Spaces","authors":"S. Jaw, R. van Son, Victor Khoo Hock Soon, G. Schrotter, Richard Loo Wei Kiah, Sandy Teo Shen Ni, Jingya Yan","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2018.8441625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2018.8441625","url":null,"abstract":"Land shortage has been on the global agenda, especially in countries with high population density such as Singapore, Hong Kong and Japan. Urban expansion and rapid population growth in these countries have led to limited surface land. In order to compensate for the shortage of surface land, the spaces below the ground surface (i.e. the stratum) are being requisitioned for the purpose of utility networks installation, public usage (e.g. pedestrian underpass, shopping malls, etc.), transportation (e.g.: subway or vehicular tunnels) and private or personal storage (e.g. car garage or basement). With the development of underground infrastructure, there is a need for monitoring and mapping these infrastructures for better usage and planning for underground spaces. This paper highlights the initiative embarked on by Singapore-ETH Centre together with Singapore Land Authority (SLA) on three-dimensional (3D) underground utility services mapping. The results ultimately contribute to the establishment of a roadmap towards a reliable 3D map of utility networks in Singapore. Several case studies for utility network mapping conducted in different cities, such as Zurich (city in Switzerland), Kuala Lumpur (city in Malaysia) and Hong Kong have been used to establish best practices for underground utility mapping using ground penetrating radar (GPR). It is expected that reliable and accurate information of these underground utility networks can lead to a better understanding and management of underground space, which eventually contributes to better city planning, making the “unseen” structures become visible.","PeriodicalId":269482,"journal":{"name":"2018 17th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)","volume":"AES-13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126530109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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