Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.22259/2642-8172.0401001
Ngozi caleb Kamalu
Abstract The 1915 - 1934 occupation of Haiti by the United States was originally aimed at determining, controlling, and maintaining her friendly governments in the western hemisphere, in pursuit of its doctrine of “manifest destiny”. The 1994 American intervention in Haiti although carried out under the auspices of the United Nations, following the UN Security Council Resolution 940 that authorized the multinational force from 25 nations, including the United States to enter Haiti and restore the government of Jean-Bertrand Aristide. However, implementation of the United Nations Resolution and the enforcement of international law were used as America’s reasons to invade Haiti, even though its main hidden national security and national interest reasons and agenda behind the invasion was to stop the wave of Haitian refugees streaming into Florida; an action designed to address American domestic policy and concerns. The Haitian experience, nevertheless, has shown that the United States in pursuit of her national interest and goals will bw willing to intervene in any country, either unilaterally or in a multilateral or collective setting to achieve America’s foreign policy goals and objectives. Keywords: Manifest Destiny, National Interest, Louisiana Purchase, European Colonialism, Imperialism, Organization of American States (OAS), Executive Order, UN Security Council.
{"title":"American Occupation of Haiti, 1915 – 1934: The End of a chapter in U.S. History of Imperialism and caretaker role in the western Hemisphere","authors":"Ngozi caleb Kamalu","doi":"10.22259/2642-8172.0401001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22259/2642-8172.0401001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The 1915 - 1934 occupation of Haiti by the United States was originally aimed at determining, controlling, and maintaining her friendly governments in the western hemisphere, in pursuit of its doctrine of “manifest destiny”. The 1994 American intervention in Haiti although carried out under the auspices of the United Nations, following the UN Security Council Resolution 940 that authorized the multinational force from 25 nations, including the United States to enter Haiti and restore the government of Jean-Bertrand Aristide. However, implementation of the United Nations Resolution and the enforcement of international law were used as America’s reasons to invade Haiti, even though its main hidden national security and national interest reasons and agenda behind the invasion was to stop the wave of Haitian refugees streaming into Florida; an action designed to address American domestic policy and concerns. The Haitian experience, nevertheless, has shown that the United States in pursuit of her national interest and goals will bw willing to intervene in any country, either unilaterally or in a multilateral or collective setting to achieve America’s foreign policy goals and objectives. Keywords: Manifest Destiny, National Interest, Louisiana Purchase, European Colonialism, Imperialism, Organization of American States (OAS), Executive Order, UN Security Council.","PeriodicalId":269632,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135101478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.22259/2642-8172.0202002
M. S. Fayzullоeva
{"title":"Al-Ghazali About Ethics Trade and Profession","authors":"M. S. Fayzullоeva","doi":"10.22259/2642-8172.0202002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22259/2642-8172.0202002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":269632,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128777965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.22259/2642-8172.0101005
Damian T. Akara
In 1928, the German planters introduced tea in Cameroon and subsequently, established an experimental tea farm of 66 acres at Tole. The farm gradually functioned until the Second World, War which broke out in 1939, diverted the attention of the British who managed it. Meanwhile, at the end of the war the British authorities decided to revamp and indigenize most of the former German plantations in the Southern Cameroons for meaningful development to follow. In 1947 therefore, the Commonwealth Development Corporation (later Cameroon Development Corporation – CDC) was created to fulfil this mission and the plantations were assigned to this agro-industrial consortium. The CDC steadily became interested in tea business and therefore took over and refurbished the tea estate at Tole in 1954. By 1958 the CDC authorities guided by the supposed docility of women and the need to have a stable labour force, decided to engage women on its plantations as permanent workers. The Tole Tea Estate was to set the pace for such an adventure with a predominantly female labour force. Taking women for granted, their labour became a subject of exploitation as the nature of their remunerations proved that they were trapped in the underpinnings of modern slavery.
{"title":"Wage Bondage in the Cameroon Development Corporation: The Sleazy Exploitation of Female Labour at Tole, 1954 - 2002","authors":"Damian T. Akara","doi":"10.22259/2642-8172.0101005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22259/2642-8172.0101005","url":null,"abstract":"In 1928, the German planters introduced tea in Cameroon and subsequently, established an experimental tea farm of 66 acres at Tole. The farm gradually functioned until the Second World, War which broke out in 1939, diverted the attention of the British who managed it. Meanwhile, at the end of the war the British authorities decided to revamp and indigenize most of the former German plantations in the Southern Cameroons for meaningful development to follow. In 1947 therefore, the Commonwealth Development Corporation (later Cameroon Development Corporation – CDC) was created to fulfil this mission and the plantations were assigned to this agro-industrial consortium. The CDC steadily became interested in tea business and therefore took over and refurbished the tea estate at Tole in 1954. By 1958 the CDC authorities guided by the supposed docility of women and the need to have a stable labour force, decided to engage women on its plantations as permanent workers. The Tole Tea Estate was to set the pace for such an adventure with a predominantly female labour force. Taking women for granted, their labour became a subject of exploitation as the nature of their remunerations proved that they were trapped in the underpinnings of modern slavery.","PeriodicalId":269632,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130657672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.22259/2642-8172.0201004
Esmaeil Dashtban, A. Alishahi
{"title":"Analysis of Opportunities and Challenges for the Development of Free Zones in Iran Case Study: Chabahar Free Zone","authors":"Esmaeil Dashtban, A. Alishahi","doi":"10.22259/2642-8172.0201004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22259/2642-8172.0201004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":269632,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133444592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.22259/2642-8172.0102003
Menard Musendekwa
Messianic expectations in the Pentateuch, Isaiah and Daniel can be investigated by exegesis of selected texts. This research can assist or facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of messianism in the Old Testament and in its theological implications. Investigation on the development of the messianism in ancient Israel may help to reflect on how it is applied to a postcolonial context like the present-day Zimbabwe. The researcher examines if the term Messiah developed from its embryonic stage in the Pentateuch and how such expectations can be manipulated in a Christian society like that of Zimbabwe.
{"title":"References to the Messiah in the Pentateuch, Isaiah and Daniel: A Zimbabwean Perspective","authors":"Menard Musendekwa","doi":"10.22259/2642-8172.0102003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22259/2642-8172.0102003","url":null,"abstract":"Messianic expectations in the Pentateuch, Isaiah and Daniel can be investigated by exegesis of selected texts. This research can assist or facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of messianism in the Old Testament and in its theological implications. Investigation on the development of the messianism in ancient Israel may help to reflect on how it is applied to a postcolonial context like the present-day Zimbabwe. The researcher examines if the term Messiah developed from its embryonic stage in the Pentateuch and how such expectations can be manipulated in a Christian society like that of Zimbabwe.","PeriodicalId":269632,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133689640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.22259/2642-8172.0202003
N. Kamalu
{"title":"The Domestic Contexts of the Boko Haram Terrorist Insurgency in Nigeria and What to Do About It","authors":"N. Kamalu","doi":"10.22259/2642-8172.0202003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22259/2642-8172.0202003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":269632,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122338092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.22259/2642-8172.0102004
Z. Hosseinpour, M. Rafiei, A. Alishahi, Z. Pakzad
{"title":"Analysis of the Achaemenid Decline Based on the Theory of Political Instability David Saunders","authors":"Z. Hosseinpour, M. Rafiei, A. Alishahi, Z. Pakzad","doi":"10.22259/2642-8172.0102004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22259/2642-8172.0102004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":269632,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133319211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.22259/2642-8172.0101006
N. Kamalu
{"title":"British, French, Belgian and Portuguese Models of Colonial Rule and Economic Development in Africa","authors":"N. Kamalu","doi":"10.22259/2642-8172.0101006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22259/2642-8172.0101006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":269632,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128683345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.22259/2642-8172.0202001
Erwin L. Rimban
{"title":"Adolescent Sexuality among Filipinas: Novel Constructs and Emergent Realities","authors":"Erwin L. Rimban","doi":"10.22259/2642-8172.0202001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22259/2642-8172.0202001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":269632,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126799806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.22259/2642-8172.0102002
Z. Hosseinpour, M. Rafiei, A. Alishahi, A. Mahdipour
After the collapse of the Soviet Union in the 1990s and the independence of the countries under its control, The Islamic Republic of Iran, on its northern borders, became neighbors with new countries. Azerbaijan is one of those countries that is located in the Caucasus region and declared independence on August 30, 1991, and the Islamic Republic of Iran recognized that country in the same year (1991) and established its relations with this country. During the years of the establishment of relations between the two countries. In spite of the religious and cultural commonalities, as well as the numerous opportunities and economic and security factors that could have exacerbated the interactions between the two sides, these relationships have been practically at a low level, and these joint factors not only did not increase interactions, but in some cases also led to conflicts and tensions between the two countries. According to this background, the question of this research is what factors influenced relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Republic of Azerbaijan? The hypothesis of this paper is that the factors affecting the relations between the two countries, have been influenced by the negative attitudes of both countries towards each other and the involvement of transnational nations. Therefore, this research has sought to answer this question by adopting a constructive approach and using a descriptive-analytical method. The data collection in this research is carried out with library and internet tools.
{"title":"Factors Influencing the Foreign Relations of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Republic of Azerbaijan","authors":"Z. Hosseinpour, M. Rafiei, A. Alishahi, A. Mahdipour","doi":"10.22259/2642-8172.0102002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22259/2642-8172.0102002","url":null,"abstract":"After the collapse of the Soviet Union in the 1990s and the independence of the countries under its control, The Islamic Republic of Iran, on its northern borders, became neighbors with new countries. Azerbaijan is one of those countries that is located in the Caucasus region and declared independence on August 30, 1991, and the Islamic Republic of Iran recognized that country in the same year (1991) and established its relations with this country. During the years of the establishment of relations between the two countries. In spite of the religious and cultural commonalities, as well as the numerous opportunities and economic and security factors that could have exacerbated the interactions between the two sides, these relationships have been practically at a low level, and these joint factors not only did not increase interactions, but in some cases also led to conflicts and tensions between the two countries. According to this background, the question of this research is what factors influenced relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Republic of Azerbaijan? The hypothesis of this paper is that the factors affecting the relations between the two countries, have been influenced by the negative attitudes of both countries towards each other and the involvement of transnational nations. Therefore, this research has sought to answer this question by adopting a constructive approach and using a descriptive-analytical method. The data collection in this research is carried out with library and internet tools.","PeriodicalId":269632,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124260348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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