Pub Date : 2021-08-26DOI: 10.1007/978-94-6265-487-7_7
Narin Idriz, M. Fink
{"title":"Effective Judicial Protection in the External Dimension of the EU's Migration and Asylum Policies","authors":"Narin Idriz, M. Fink","doi":"10.1007/978-94-6265-487-7_7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-487-7_7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":270162,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Refugees (Migration) (Topic)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114310067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huge influx of refugees, following 2011 Syrian civil war and humanitarian crisis, put pressure on the domestic economy and test resilience of public services in host countries. Jordan, Lebanon, and Turkey are the three countries that host the highest number of Syrian refugees and as developing countries the resources available tend to be relatively limited. In this paper, I argue that the fragmentation of health care system, overall integration policies and underlying institutional weaknesses, political power dynamics are the main determinants of refugees’ health access in Jordan, Lebanon, and Turkey, and assess and evaluate the integration policies of the countries.
{"title":"Political Economy of Healthcare and Forced Migration in Developing Countries: Assessment of Syrian Refugees’ Access to Healthcare in Jordan, Lebanon and Turkey","authors":"G. Guner","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3893333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3893333","url":null,"abstract":"Huge influx of refugees, following 2011 Syrian civil war and humanitarian crisis, put pressure on the domestic economy and test resilience of public services in host countries. Jordan, Lebanon, and Turkey are the three countries that host the highest number of Syrian refugees and as developing countries the resources available tend to be relatively limited. In this paper, I argue that the fragmentation of health care system, overall integration policies and underlying institutional weaknesses, political power dynamics are the main determinants of refugees’ health access in Jordan, Lebanon, and Turkey, and assess and evaluate the integration policies of the countries.","PeriodicalId":270162,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Refugees (Migration) (Topic)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127832292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kit Baum, Hans Lööf, Andreas Stephan, K. Zimmermann
Refugee workers start low and adjust slowly to the wages of comparable natives. The innovative approach in this study using unique Swedish employer-employee data shows that the observed wage gap between established refugees and comparable natives is mainly caused by occupational sorting into cognitive and manual tasks. Within occupations, it can be largely explained by differences in work experience. The identification strategy relies on a control group of matched natives with the same characteristics as the refugees, using panel data for 2003-2013 to capture unobserved heterogeneity.
{"title":"Occupational Sorting and Wage Gaps of Refugees","authors":"Kit Baum, Hans Lööf, Andreas Stephan, K. Zimmermann","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3634340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3634340","url":null,"abstract":"Refugee workers start low and adjust slowly to the wages of comparable natives. The innovative approach in this study using unique Swedish employer-employee data shows that the observed wage gap between established refugees and comparable natives is mainly caused by occupational sorting into cognitive and manual tasks. Within occupations, it can be largely explained by differences in work experience. The identification strategy relies on a control group of matched natives with the same characteristics as the refugees, using panel data for 2003-2013 to capture unobserved heterogeneity.","PeriodicalId":270162,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Refugees (Migration) (Topic)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130030667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article assesses the practice of the ECtHR to rigidly define the interests of asylum seekers and the public under Article 8 ECHR as by default competing, independent and predetermined spheres. We refer to this phenomenon as ‘balancing static interests’ and argue, using recent developments in Austria as a starting point, that it produces results that serve neither the public nor the individual. The article engages with the current state of the debate on improving the Court’s adjudication and analyses the case-law on asylum seekers subject to migration control. On this basis, it argues that establishing an intermediate standard of proof for justifying State (in)action which harnesses the Court’s increased reliance on procedural review could overcome an overly static approach. Such a path would not only allow a richer balancing exercise but crucially also challenge overly dichotomous views on the relationship between the rights of asylum seekers and state interests.
{"title":"Beyond Static Interests: Asylum Seekers as Contributors to the Economic Well-Being of a Country","authors":"Adel-Naim Reyhani, Gloria Golmohammadi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3703360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3703360","url":null,"abstract":"This article assesses the practice of the ECtHR to rigidly define the interests of asylum seekers and the public under Article 8 ECHR as by default competing, independent and predetermined spheres. We refer to this phenomenon as ‘balancing static interests’ and argue, using recent developments in Austria as a starting point, that it produces results that serve neither the public nor the individual. The article engages with the current state of the debate on improving the Court’s adjudication and analyses the case-law on asylum seekers subject to migration control. On this basis, it argues that establishing an intermediate standard of proof for justifying State (in)action which harnesses the Court’s increased reliance on procedural review could overcome an overly static approach. Such a path would not only allow a richer balancing exercise but crucially also challenge overly dichotomous views on the relationship between the rights of asylum seekers and state interests.","PeriodicalId":270162,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Refugees (Migration) (Topic)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124959797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
French Abstract: L’impact d’un « transfert Dublin » sur un individu n’est pas négligeable. En effet, les demandeurs d’asile ont souvent des motivations précises les poussant à introduire leur demande dans un État membre plutôt que dans un autre. Il peut s’agir de motivations linguistiques, culturelles, de la présence de membres de leur famille ou de leur communauté, ou encore des motifs économiques. Par conséquent, la mise en oeuvre d’une procédure Dublin peut avoir des conséquences importantes pour les individus concernés. L’enjeu de l’application pratique du règlement Dublin III est donc de trouver le juste équilibre entre le souci d’éviter un phénomène de « forum-shopping », et la protection des droits des particuliers concernés. Compte tenu de ces enjeux, le présent chapitre est axé sur la mise en oeuvre du règlement Dublin III et sur les possibilités de contester un transfert Dublin lorsque le règlement n’est pas appliqué correctement.
English Abstract: The consequences of a "Dublin transfer" can be significant on an individual level. What is at stake in the implementation of the Dublin III regulation is therefore to strike the right balance between avoiding "forum-shopping" and protecting the rights of individual asylum seekers. This chapter focuses on the implementation of the Dublin III regulation and the possibilities to challenge a transfer decision.
英语摘要:“都柏林转移”对个人的影响是不可忽略的。事实上，寻求庇护者在一个会员国而不是在另一个会员国提出申请往往有明确的动机。这些可能是语言、文化、家庭或社区成员的存在或经济动机。因此，都柏林程序的实施可能对有关个人产生重大影响。因此，《都柏林III条例》的实际应用面临的挑战是在避免“论坛购物”现象和保护有关个人的权利之间取得正确的平衡。鉴于这些问题，本章将重点介绍《都柏林III条例》的实施情况，以及在《条例》执行不当时对《都柏林转让条例》提出异议的可能性。英文文摘都柏林transfer”后果:The of a can be重大on an个人级。因此，执行《都柏林III条例》的利害关系在于在避免“购物论坛”和保护寻求庇护者个人权利之间取得正确的平衡。本章着重讨论《都柏林第三条例》的执行情况和挑战转让决定的可能性。
{"title":"Le contentieux du règlement Dublin III (Litigation over the Dublin III Regulation)","authors":"C. Warin","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3403224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3403224","url":null,"abstract":"<b>French Abstract:</b> L’impact d’un « transfert Dublin » sur un individu n’est pas négligeable. En effet, les demandeurs d’asile ont souvent des motivations précises les poussant à introduire leur demande dans un État membre plutôt que dans un autre. Il peut s’agir de motivations linguistiques, culturelles, de la présence de membres de leur famille ou de leur communauté, ou encore des motifs économiques. Par conséquent, la mise en oeuvre d’une procédure Dublin peut avoir des conséquences importantes pour les individus concernés. L’enjeu de l’application pratique du règlement Dublin III est donc de trouver le juste équilibre entre le souci d’éviter un phénomène de « forum-shopping », et la protection des droits des particuliers concernés. Compte tenu de ces enjeux, le présent chapitre est axé sur la mise en oeuvre du règlement Dublin III et sur les possibilités de contester un transfert Dublin lorsque le règlement n’est pas appliqué correctement.<br><br><b>English Abstract: </b> The consequences of a \"Dublin transfer\" can be significant on an individual level. What is at stake in the implementation of the Dublin III regulation is therefore to strike the right balance between avoiding \"forum-shopping\" and protecting the rights of individual asylum seekers. This chapter focuses on the implementation of the Dublin III regulation and the possibilities to challenge a transfer decision.","PeriodicalId":270162,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Refugees (Migration) (Topic)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123720997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We study the impact and sudden arrival of more than 3 million Syrian refugees on Turkish businesses. Our empirical design uses the exogenous variation in refugee outflows from Syria and the geographic concentration of Arabic-speaking communities in Turkey prior to the onset of the Syrian conflict. The origin of these communities dates back to the rupture of the Ottoman Empire after World War I, a unique historic episode. Using yearly firm census data from 2006 to 2015, we find that refugee inflows induced a positive impact on the intensive and extensive margins of firm production. The effects are stronger for smaller firms and for firms that operate in the construction and hospitality sectors, they are also largely concentrated in the informal economy.
{"title":"Blessing or Burden? The Impact of Refugees on Businesses and the Informal Economy","authors":"Onur Altindag, Ozan Bakış, S. Rozo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3188406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3188406","url":null,"abstract":"We study the impact and sudden arrival of more than 3 million Syrian refugees on Turkish businesses. Our empirical design uses the exogenous variation in refugee outflows from Syria and the geographic concentration of Arabic-speaking communities in Turkey prior to the onset of the Syrian conflict. The origin of these communities dates back to the rupture of the Ottoman Empire after World War I, a unique historic episode. Using yearly firm census data from 2006 to 2015, we find that refugee inflows induced a positive impact on the intensive and extensive margins of firm production. The effects are stronger for smaller firms and for firms that operate in the construction and hospitality sectors, they are also largely concentrated in the informal economy.","PeriodicalId":270162,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Refugees (Migration) (Topic)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123227424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Social identity greatly affects behavior. However, less is known about individual’s preference for identification, i.e. how individuals choose their identity and more specifically whether and how subjects invest into belonging to a social group. We design a field experiment that allows us to make effort as an investment into a new group identity salient. The social identity in our treatment is refugee’s identification with the host society. We modified a mailing to 5600 refugees who use an online language-learning platform to learn the host countries’ language. These treatment emails make salient that improving the host country’s language ability increases the belonging to the host society. Our analysis reveals that the treatment has a significant positive effect on the effort exerted on the language-learning platform, leading to more completed exercises and more time spent learning the host country’s language. This suggests that refugees’ value being part of the host country’s society for its social identity component, which in turn reveals a general preference for identification.
{"title":"Investment into Identity in the Field - Nudging Refugees’ Integration Effort","authors":"N. Grote, T. Klausmann, Mario Scharfbillig","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3348403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3348403","url":null,"abstract":"Social identity greatly affects behavior. However, less is known about individual’s preference for identification, i.e. how individuals choose their identity and more specifically whether and how subjects invest into belonging to a social group. We design a field experiment that allows us to make effort as an investment into a new group identity salient. The social identity in our treatment is refugee’s identification with the host society. We modified a mailing to 5600 refugees who use an online language-learning platform to learn the host countries’ language. These treatment emails make salient that improving the host country’s language ability increases the belonging to the host society. Our analysis reveals that the treatment has a significant positive effect on the effort exerted on the language-learning platform, leading to more completed exercises and more time spent learning the host country’s language. This suggests that refugees’ value being part of the host country’s society for its social identity component, which in turn reveals a general preference for identification.","PeriodicalId":270162,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Refugees (Migration) (Topic)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132875778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
How does the allocation of refugees in geographic proximity affect natives' engagement with the refugee topic? In this study I investigate this question, leveraging the recent increase in refugee numbers in Germany and the subsequent opening of large refugee facilities. Relying on a large random sample of German Twitter users and using their Twitter posts to measure engagement with the refugee topic, I investigate how individual users react to the opening of facilities in their geographic proximity. I find that users are more likely to talk about the topic shortly before the facility opens. I additionally present evidence that subjects speak more negatively about the topic before the opening as compared to after the opening of the facility. Besides these substantive contributions, this study offers a template on how to use social media data to study public attention and public opinion on localized events.
{"title":"Online Public Opinion and Refugee Allocation. Assessment of the Impact of Refugee Facilities on Individual Expression of Political Views on Twitter","authors":"Fridolin Linder","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3250818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3250818","url":null,"abstract":"How does the allocation of refugees in geographic proximity affect natives' engagement with the refugee topic? In this study I investigate this question, leveraging the recent increase in refugee numbers in Germany and the subsequent opening of large refugee facilities. Relying on a large random sample of German Twitter users and using their Twitter posts to measure engagement with the refugee topic, I investigate how individual users react to the opening of facilities in their geographic proximity. I find that users are more likely to talk about the topic shortly before the facility opens. I additionally present evidence that subjects speak more negatively about the topic before the opening as compared to after the opening of the facility. Besides these substantive contributions, this study offers a template on how to use social media data to study public attention and public opinion on localized events.","PeriodicalId":270162,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Refugees (Migration) (Topic)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132871437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work we will examine the reasons, covered with law and facts, about the recent migration crisis which had a tremendous influence on all EU and Western Balkan countries. The sole fact that thousands of refugees are being accepted to the EU without any border check in 2014 and 2015 caused the initial frustration of citizens in FYRO Macedonia, Serbia and Kosovo. All these countries need endless paperwork in order to acquire a work permit in EU. On the top of this Kosovo inhabitants can not even travel to EU without Visa. This lead to the exodus of thousands of Kosovo Albanians to the EU on a well known route. The famous Balkan route as it is called commonly has its roots back into the early 90’s when the dissolution of the former Yugoslavia (SFRJ) has started. War activities became an everyday activity in many regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and later Kosovo and Metohija in Serbia. Still the borders of countries outside of ex Yugoslavia were not widely opened for refugees. On the European level the importance for regulating this was seen and a solution given in The 1990 Dublin Convention, later Regulation. Before this the main idea of refugees, in some situations dissidents, was seen in the fact that many skilled workers and craftsmen emigrated from the East (Communist) Europe to the West (Capitalist) Europe. Some of them being Political refugees (dissidents) but the main criteria for their status was mainly determined by a political or economical value they had. The value of such refugees was their knowledge, skills and competence which could be used for economic development and in some cases the bare prestige of having intellectuals fled from the communist oppression. In the 1990 Dublin Convention, the signing parties recognized the need to regulate asylum seeking. They introduced the rule of the first country of application, where the asylum seeker has applied for asylum. That means that this first country of application will exclusively deal with the asylum seekers case and either accept or reject it, after what other Dublin countries will not give a chance for another try. Now this system lived successfully for many years until Hungary did not become flooded with illegal migrants in the summer of 2015. Even after the failure of the Dublin regulation it became evident that it is not useful for the present problem and a solution has to be sought. The Hungarian solution was the infamous border lock or in Hungarian “határzár” whereas the EU invented, or reinvented the solution from the colonial era, the EU’s “real” solution/problem had been introduced then in the form of a quota system. The fact is that Syrian citizens have a right to claim asylum in EU, but also in many countries prior to their arrival to EU as well. Also they never intended to claim it in e.g. Hungary but they are forced to since it became obvious that people cross the border and travel without any check to different EU countries to the west. Hungary was at som
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Refugees Coming From Balkan and the Middle East From a Legal, Economical and Moral Viewpoint","authors":"A. Nagy","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3197672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3197672","url":null,"abstract":"In this work we will examine the reasons, covered with law and facts, about the recent migration crisis which had a tremendous influence on all EU and Western Balkan countries. The sole fact that thousands of refugees are being accepted to the EU without any border check in 2014 and 2015 caused the initial frustration of citizens in FYRO Macedonia, Serbia and Kosovo. All these countries need endless paperwork in order to acquire a work permit in EU. On the top of this Kosovo inhabitants can not even travel to EU without Visa. This lead to the exodus of thousands of Kosovo Albanians to the EU on a well known route. The famous Balkan route as it is called commonly has its roots back into the early 90’s when the dissolution of the former Yugoslavia (SFRJ) has started. War activities became an everyday activity in many regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and later Kosovo and Metohija in Serbia. Still the borders of countries outside of ex Yugoslavia were not widely opened for refugees. On the European level the importance for regulating this was seen and a solution given in The 1990 Dublin Convention, later Regulation. Before this the main idea of refugees, in some situations dissidents, was seen in the fact that many skilled workers and craftsmen emigrated from the East (Communist) Europe to the West (Capitalist) Europe. Some of them being Political refugees (dissidents) but the main criteria for their status was mainly determined by a political or economical value they had. The value of such refugees was their knowledge, skills and competence which could be used for economic development and in some cases the bare prestige of having intellectuals fled from the communist oppression. In the 1990 Dublin Convention, the signing parties recognized the need to regulate asylum seeking. They introduced the rule of the first country of application, where the asylum seeker has applied for asylum. That means that this first country of application will exclusively deal with the asylum seekers case and either accept or reject it, after what other Dublin countries will not give a chance for another try. Now this system lived successfully for many years until Hungary did not become flooded with illegal migrants in the summer of 2015. Even after the failure of the Dublin regulation it became evident that it is not useful for the present problem and a solution has to be sought. The Hungarian solution was the infamous border lock or in Hungarian “határzár” whereas the EU invented, or reinvented the solution from the colonial era, the EU’s “real” solution/problem had been introduced then in the form of a quota system. The fact is that Syrian citizens have a right to claim asylum in EU, but also in many countries prior to their arrival to EU as well. Also they never intended to claim it in e.g. Hungary but they are forced to since it became obvious that people cross the border and travel without any check to different EU countries to the west. Hungary was at som","PeriodicalId":270162,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Refugees (Migration) (Topic)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122506808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper investigates the long-term consequences of mass refugee inflow on economic development by examining the effect of the first large-scale population resettlement in modern history. After the Greco-Turkish war of 1919–1922, 1.2 million Greek Orthodox were forcibly resettled from Turkey to Greece, increasing the Greek population by more than 20% within a few months. We build a novel geocoded dataset locating settlements of refugees across the universe of more than four thousand Greek municipalities that existed in Greece in 1920. Exploiting the spatial variation in the resettlement location, we find that localities with a greater share of refugees in 1923 have today higher earnings, higher levels of household wealth, greater educational attainment, as well as larger financial and manufacturing sectors. These results hold when comparing spatially contiguous municipalities with identical geographical features and are not driven by pre-settlement differences in initial level of development across localities. The long-run beneficial effects appear to arise from agglomeration economies generated by the large increase in the workforce, occupational specialization, as well as by new industrial know-hows brought by refugees, which fostered early industrialization and economic growth.
{"title":"Mass Refugee Inflow and Long-Run Prosperity: Lessons from the Greek Population Resettlement","authors":"Elie Murard, S. Sakalli","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3209707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3209707","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the long-term consequences of mass refugee inflow on economic development by examining the effect of the first large-scale population resettlement in modern history. After the Greco-Turkish war of 1919–1922, 1.2 million Greek Orthodox were forcibly resettled from Turkey to Greece, increasing the Greek population by more than 20% within a few months. We build a novel geocoded dataset locating settlements of refugees across the universe of more than four thousand Greek municipalities that existed in Greece in 1920. Exploiting the spatial variation in the resettlement location, we find that localities with a greater share of refugees in 1923 have today higher earnings, higher levels of household wealth, greater educational attainment, as well as larger financial and manufacturing sectors. These results hold when comparing spatially contiguous municipalities with identical geographical features and are not driven by pre-settlement differences in initial level of development across localities. The long-run beneficial effects appear to arise from agglomeration economies generated by the large increase in the workforce, occupational specialization, as well as by new industrial know-hows brought by refugees, which fostered early industrialization and economic growth.","PeriodicalId":270162,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Refugees (Migration) (Topic)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133928606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：