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The Assessment of Ethical Leadership in Developing Ethical Climate and Decision Making-Evidence from Pakistan 道德领导在发展道德氛围和决策中的评估——来自巴基斯坦的证据
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.59075/jemba.v2i1.237
Saira, Sharmeen Ramzan, Ambreen Mushtaq, Zanain Akbar, Muhammad Sameer Akbar
Objective: The purpose of this research was to ascertain how ethical leadership influenced decision making through mediating role of ethical climate.Methodology: The current study was based upon the single reality that is have used the positivist approach to examine the relationship of the variables. In the quantitative method of the research study different methods are applied to test the hypothesis. This study has used the cross sectional time horizon in which the data have been collected from the respondents of the Pakistani public organizations in single/one point in time. Data were collected from the respondents with the help of the survey questionnaire among 200 respondents where the researcher got 150 responses from the respondents. Non probability sampling technique was applied in the research study. All the ethical procedures and guidelines were followed while collecting the data from the respondents.Results: Shown that ethical leadership has positive influence on ethical climate and decision making, ethical climate positively moderates the influence of ethical leadership on decision making.Conclusion: Controlling the ethical aspects in leadership effectively boosts decision making through the role of ethical climate.
目的:本研究旨在探讨伦理型领导如何通过伦理氛围的中介作用影响决策。方法:目前的研究是基于单一的现实,即使用实证主义的方法来检查变量的关系。在研究的定量方法中,采用了不同的方法来检验假设。本研究使用了横断面时间范围,其中数据是从单一/一个时间点的巴基斯坦公共组织的受访者中收集的。在200名受访者中,研究人员通过调查问卷从受访者中收集数据,其中研究人员从受访者中获得了150份回复。研究中采用了非概率抽样技术。在收集受访者的数据时,遵循了所有的道德程序和准则。结果表明:伦理型领导对伦理氛围和决策有正向影响,伦理氛围正向调节伦理型领导对决策的影响。结论:控制领导中的伦理因素可以通过伦理氛围的作用有效地促进决策。
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引用次数: 0
Mediating Effects of Entrepreneurship Education on Personality Dimensions and Venture Creation of Nigerian Graduates: An Empirical Approach 创业教育对尼日利亚大学生人格维度和创业创造的中介效应:一项实证研究
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.59075/jemba.v2i1.235
Emenike, Ogechi Anastasia
The study examines the mediating effects of entrepreneurial education on the need for achievement, risk-taking, self-efficacy, and venture creation among Nigerian graduates. A targeted sampling technique was used for the selection of the corps members deployed to the Oyo State. Structural equation modelling was used to analyze the data with the aid of STATA version 15. The results reveal that entrepreneurship education has a positive association with the need for achievement, and self-efficacy. Further reveals that entrepreneurship education has a positive relationship with risk-taking but insignificant. It was also revealed that need for achievement has inverse relationship with venture creation, while self-efficacy has a positive but insignificant relationship with venture creation. There is evidence that taking risks is positively and significantly related to starting a business. This suggests that entrepreneurship education serves as a platform to encourage personality traits like the desire for success, risk-taking, self- efficacy, and entrepreneurial intentions to venture into business. The study, therefore, recommends that policymakers should make entrepreneurship education mandatory for students at all levels, that teachers should involve students in practical work, and that the government should create an environment that is conducive to the growth of entrepreneurship in the nation. This will significantly contribute to the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.
本研究考察了创业教育对尼日利亚毕业生成就、冒险、自我效能和创业创造需求的中介作用。在选择部署到奥约州的部队成员时采用了有针对性的抽样技术。采用结构方程模型,借助于STATA version 15对数据进行分析。结果显示,创业教育与成就需求、自我效能感有正相关。进一步揭示创业教育与风险承担呈正相关,但不显著。成就需要与创业创造呈负相关,自我效能感与创业创造呈正相关,但不显著。有证据表明,承担风险与创业呈正相关。这表明,创业教育可以作为一个平台,鼓励个人特质,如对成功的渴望、冒险精神、自我效能感和创业意愿。因此,该研究建议政策制定者应该将创业教育作为各级学生的必修课,教师应该让学生参与实际工作,政府应该创造一个有利于创业精神在全国成长的环境。这将为实现2030年可持续发展目标作出重大贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Supply Chain Information Technology (SCIT) and Organizational performance: Evidence from Nigerian Manufacturing Industry 供应链信息技术与组织绩效:来自尼日利亚制造业的证据
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.59075/jemba.v2i1.236
Thompson Sola, Kareem
This research investigates how the dimensions of Supply Chain Information Technology (SCIT) affect the performance of the manufacturing industry, specifically focusing on selected Nigerian manufacturing companies. The study employed a targeted sampling technique to select 20 respondents from the Department of Procurement and Logistics of each of the five chosen manufacturing companies, resulting in a sample size of 100 respondents. Data was collected from the respondents using a structured questionnaire, and path analysis was employed to analyze the collected data. The findings demonstrate that SCIT dimensions, namely ERP, CRM, EDI, and AAS, have a positive and significant correlation with organizational performance. This association is observed in terms of strategic decision-making, improved understanding of customer preferences, needs, and behaviors, and enhanced data accuracy and order processing efficiency. It can be concluded that implementing SCIT in the manufacturing industry will result in increased operational efficiency, better decision-making, better collaboration, and greater supply chain transparency. This enables managers to proactively address challenges, optimize resources, and drive performance improvements across the supply chain.
本研究调查了供应链信息技术(SCIT)的维度如何影响制造业的绩效,特别关注选定的尼日利亚制造公司。本研究采用有针对性的抽样技术,从五个选定的制造公司的采购和物流部门中选择20名受访者,导致100名受访者的样本量。采用结构化问卷对调查对象进行数据收集,并采用通径分析法对收集到的数据进行分析。研究发现,企业信息技术维度ERP、CRM、EDI和AAS与组织绩效存在显著正相关。这种关联体现在战略决策方面,改进了对客户偏好、需求和行为的理解,提高了数据准确性和订单处理效率。综上所述,在制造业推行工商及科技会提高运作效率、改善决策、加强合作,以及提高供应链的透明度。这使管理人员能够主动应对挑战,优化资源,并推动整个供应链的绩效改进。
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引用次数: 0
Mediating effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation on the influence of Mentoring, Training, and Successor Competence on Family Businesses’ Survival in Southwest, Nigeria 创业导向对尼日利亚西南部家族企业生存影响的中介作用:师徒、培训和接班人能力
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.59075/jemba.v2i1.234
A.B Aremu, L.O Lawal
The study investigates the mediating effect of the influence of mentoring, training, and successor competence on FBs’ survival in Southwest Nigeria. The sampling method used was purposive, while closed-ended questionnaires were sent to 360 respondents to collect information. A total of 300 completed questionnaires were completed and returned to researchers. The results of SEM reveal that training and EO are positively and significantly associated with FB survival. Results further reveal that mentoring and successor competence have not significantly influenced FBs’ survival. There is evidence that EO mediates fully between mentoring and FB survival, but not between training and FB survival, and partially mediates successor competence and FB survival. This means EO is a platform to influence the mentoring and successor competence that drive the sustainability and growth of FB. This development is sending a positive signal to family businesses that after the founder's death, the successors will be able to make FBs more productive. Therefore, for the smooth operation of FB, successors should be mentored and foster family partnerships
本研究探讨了尼日利亚西南部创业企业家的指导、培训和接班人能力对创业企业家生存的中介作用。采用有目的的抽样方法,向360名受访者发放封闭式问卷,收集信息。总共完成了300份问卷并返回给研究人员。扫描电镜结果显示,训练和EO与FB存活率呈正相关。研究结果进一步表明,师徒关系和接班人能力对中小企业的生存没有显著影响。有证据表明,EO在师徒关系和企业高管生存之间具有完全中介作用,在培训和企业高管生存之间没有中介作用,在接班人能力和企业高管生存之间具有部分中介作用。这意味着EO是一个影响指导和继任者能力的平台,从而推动FB的可持续性和增长。这一发展向家族企业发出了一个积极的信号,即在创始人去世后,继任者将能够提高FBs的生产率。因此,为了FB的顺利运营,应该对继任者进行指导,培养家庭伙伴关系
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引用次数: 0
Trend and Patterns of Market Value of Listed Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria (2008 -2018) 2008 -2018年尼日利亚制造业上市公司市值变化趋势及格局
Pub Date : 2023-01-03 DOI: 10.59075/jemba.v1i2.117
Yisa. A. Adeniji
The study analysed the trend and pattern of market value of firms from 2008-2018. The study adopted ex-post facto research design and used secondary data. The population of the study comprised of 78 listed manufacturing firms on the Nigeria Stock Exchange as at the end of 2018. Purposive sampling technique was used to select firms with up-to-date published financial data and whose stock were traded on the Stock market totaling 56. The data were analysed using table, percentages and bar chat. The study showed upward and downward movements in the value of firms during the sample period. The market value increased from 2008 -2009 by 0.33%, declined in 2010 by 4.93% increased from 2011 to 2013 by 11.75% and decreased from 2016 to 2018 by 14.59%. A policy implication with respect to this finding is that the study confirmed that Nigeria’s economy through the manufacturing sector is growing gradually. It is recommended that Nigeria need to intensify and formulate stable trade policies capable of promoting sustainable growth within and outside the country.
该研究分析了2008-2018年公司市值的趋势和模式。本研究采用事后调查设计,并使用二手资料。该研究的对象包括截至2018年底在尼日利亚证券交易所上市的78家制造公司。有目的的抽样技术被用来选择公司最新公布的财务数据,其股票在股票市场上交易共计56。数据分析采用表格、百分比和酒吧聊天。研究表明,在样本期内,公司的价值呈上升和下降趋势。市场价值2008 -2009年增长0.33%,2010年下降4.93%,2011 - 2013年增长11.75%,2016 - 2018年下降14.59%。关于这一发现的一个政策含义是,该研究证实,尼日利亚通过制造业部门的经济正在逐步增长。建议尼日利亚需要加强和制订能够促进国内和国外可持续增长的稳定贸易政策。
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引用次数: 0
Nexus between Carbon emission per capita and Urbanization 人均碳排放与城市化的关系
Pub Date : 2023-01-03 DOI: 10.59075/jemba.v1i2.116
Muhammad Taqi, Farah Zainab, Sania Anwar, Aneeqa Zia
The effects of urbanization on global warming are substantial. Several carbon accounting methods have been proposed to identify which municipalities should make mitigation efforts, but none of them have gained widespread acceptance. Six major cities in Japan are chosen, and their per capita CO2 emissions between 1982 and 2021 are identified and compared using a method based on four system boundaries. The overall rate of increase in CO2 emissions from the transportation sector was 9% per year between 1990 and 2008, and the rate of increase in CO2 emissions from road transportation alone was even higher at 2.6% per year. According to Stern's 2007 prediction, global transportation-related CO2 emissions will more than triple by 2050. According to the results, there are the relationships within geographical indicators of urban form and sectorial CO2 emissions for both the passenger and residential transportation sectors.
城市化对全球变暖的影响是巨大的。已经提出了几种碳核算方法,以确定哪些城市应该作出缓解努力,但没有一种方法得到广泛接受。选择了日本的六个主要城市,并使用基于四个系统边界的方法确定和比较了1982年至2021年间的人均二氧化碳排放量。1990年至2008年间,交通运输部门二氧化碳排放量的总体增长率为每年9%,仅道路运输部门二氧化碳排放量的增长率就更高,为每年2.6%。根据斯特恩2007年的预测,到2050年,全球交通相关的二氧化碳排放量将增加两倍以上。结果表明,城市形态地理指标与客运和居住交通部门CO2排放之间存在一定的关系。
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引用次数: 3
Burnell v Trans-Tag Ltd: Directors’ Duty to Avoid Conflict of Interest and Its Application on Former Director Burnell诉Trans-Tag有限公司:董事避免利益冲突的义务及其在前董事中的适用
Pub Date : 2023-01-03 DOI: 10.59075/jemba.v1i2.118
Farqaleet Khokhar
A recent landmark Burnell v Trans-Tag Ltd validated that the former director of a company is bound by the duty to avoid conflict of interest and his fiduciary duty will breach when he exploits the property, opportunity, and information that he acquired during his tenure of directorship in a company. Further, the combined effect of sections 175 and 170(2)(a) of the Companies Act 2006 has been explored in the case. This comment scrutinises and highlights this recent noteworthy development in the English courts’ jurisprudence on directors’ duty to avoid conflict of interest
最近具有里程碑意义的Burnell v Trans-Tag Ltd案证实,公司前董事有义务避免利益冲突,当他利用在公司担任董事期间获得的财产、机会和信息时,他的信托义务将被违反。此外,本案还探讨了《2006年公司法》第175条和第170(2)(a)条的综合影响。这篇评论仔细审视并强调了最近英国法院关于董事避免利益冲突义务的判例中值得注意的发展
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引用次数: 0
An Analysis of Integration Management in Developing Project Performance-Evidence from Pakistan 项目绩效开发中的整合管理分析——以巴基斯坦为例
Pub Date : 2023-01-03 DOI: 10.59075/jemba.v1i2.115
Muhammad Aqib Shafiq, Saira, N. Khan, Ali Danyal
This study's objective was to determine the inspiration of management integration on project performance. Management Integration leads towards the success of the projects. Objective: To measure the importance of the management integration factors and investigated the relationship of the management integration dimensions on project performance. Methodology: Data were collected by a standardized survey questionnaire by employing the convenience sample method. Results: revealed that there is a positive relationship between company integration with customers whereas the is an insignificant relationship between the rest of the factors. Conclusion: Properly managing the integration factors increases the performance, success chance of the project performance.
本研究的目的是确定管理整合对项目绩效的启示。管理集成导致项目的成功。目的:衡量管理整合因素的重要性,探讨管理整合维度与项目绩效的关系。方法:采用标准化调查问卷,采用方便抽样法进行资料收集。结果发现:公司整合与顾客之间存在正相关关系,而其余因素之间的关系不显著。结论:管理好集成因素可以提高项目绩效,提高项目绩效的成功率。
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引用次数: 5
Evaluating Public and Private Transport of Lahore 拉合尔公共交通与私人交通评价
Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.59075/jemba.v1i2.121
Rahat Iqbal, Muhammad Urfan Ullah, Ghulam Habib, Muhammad Kaleem Ullah
Increase in population is a dominant problem that is taking place throughout the whole world and its main cause is rapid urbanizations. Urbanized growth, consequently, has led to a higher number of motorized vehicles, because of which there has been a considerable increase in the number of traffic volume in the recent years. The existing road capacity and level of service does not fully cater the present traffic and transportation needs of commuters. Urban transportation concerns are hampering the growth of sustainable transportation system across the country. Along with the provision of fixed route service, an integrated transit system with this service is the need of a community. The design of the research includes the selection of case study area that is Lahore. The systemized means that has been adopted for accomplishing the objectives of the study conducted include topic selection, comprehensive literature review in context of local along with international scenario, data collection which includes both primary and secondary, data analysis using Excel and SPSS software, data interpretation and laying down suitable proposals. Report writing is being carried out side by side with all other tasks. The major outcomes of the study is by improving the security of public transport and management of public transport the preference of people to use public transport will increases. Also the cleanliness and level of service of public transport will improve then the preference to use public transport will increase. The solution that research recommended for Lahore city is one that has been locally designed to meet the majority's problems, as the solution should be low-cost, environmentally sustainable, and responsive to the social demands of the local people.
人口增长是全世界正在发生的一个主要问题,其主要原因是迅速的城市化。因此,城市化的增长导致了机动车数量的增加,因此,近年来交通量有了相当大的增长。现有的道路容量和服务水平不能完全满足现时通勤人士的交通和运输需要。城市交通问题阻碍了全国可持续交通系统的发展。在提供固定路线服务的同时,社区也需要一个综合的运输系统。本研究的设计包括案例研究区域的选择,即拉合尔。为了完成所进行的研究的目标,采用了系统化的方法,包括选题,综合文献综述,在当地和国际情景的背景下,收集包括一手和二手的数据,使用Excel和SPSS软件进行数据分析,数据解释和提出合适的建议。写报告是和其他任务一起进行的。这项研究的主要结果是,通过改善公共交通的安全性和公共交通的管理,人们使用公共交通的偏好将会增加。公共交通的清洁度和服务水平也会提高,那么使用公共交通的偏好就会增加。研究为拉合尔市推荐的解决方案是一种当地设计的解决方案,以满足大多数人的问题,因为解决方案应该是低成本的,环境可持续的,并且对当地人民的社会需求做出反应。
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引用次数: 0
Psychosocial Workplace Design Factors and Its Relationship with Teachers’ Performance at Secondary Level 社会心理职场设计因素与中学教师绩效的关系
Pub Date : 2022-04-21 DOI: 10.59075/jemba.v1i1.66
H. Khalid
Teachers’  performance  in  their  school  settings  are  directly  link with  many  factors  which  may  increase  their  job  performance  or have  a  negative  effects  on  teaching  and  learning  process.This research  was  specially  designed  to  find  the  correlation  between psychosocial workplace design factors and teachers’ performance at  secondary  level.  It  was  supposed  that  there  is  a  significant relation  between  psychosocial  factors  (support  from  supervisor, role  congruity,  leadership  style)  and  secondary  school  teachers’ performance. 231 secondary school teachers and 33 head teachers were taken as a sample of for study for data collection. The study was  descriptive  in  nature  and  data  was  collected  by  survey research   method.   After   collection   of   data,   Pearson   Product Moment  Correlation  technique  was  applied  to  identifying  the correlation  between  psychosocial  workplace  design  factors  and teachers’ performance. Two types of questionnaires were used for this  research;  first  was  psychosocial  workplace  design  factors questionnaire which was filled by the class teachers and other was filled by the head of school for study the teachers’ performance at their  work.  The   research  results  showed  that  there  was  no significant correlation between psychosocial factors and teachers’ performance. Teachers’ performances in their jobs do not affected by  any  psychosocial  factors.  On  the  behalf  of  these  finding  it  is recommended that this type of study further carry on different level of  education  (elementary,  high  secondary  and  university  level)  to confirm  the  correlation  between  psychosocial  workplace  design factors and teachers’ performance. 
教师在学校环境中的表现与许多因素直接相关,这些因素可能会提高教师的工作绩效或对教学过程产生负面影响。本研究旨在探讨社会心理职场设计因素与中学教师绩效的关系。本研究认为心理社会因素(主管支持、角色一致性、领导风格)与中学教师绩效之间存在显著的相关关系。以231名中学教师和33名班主任为研究样本进行数据收集。本研究为描述性研究,资料采用调查研究方法收集。在收集数据后,应用Pearson积矩相关技术来确定心理社会职场设计因素与教师绩效之间的相关性。本研究使用了两种类型的调查问卷;一份是由班主任填写的职场心理设计因素问卷,另一份是由校长填写的职场心理设计因素问卷,用于研究教师在工作中的表现。研究结果显示,心理社会因素与教师绩效无显著相关。教师在工作中的表现不受任何心理社会因素的影响。根据这些发现,建议这类研究进一步进行不同教育水平(小学、高中和大学水平)的研究,以确认心理社会职场设计因素与教师绩效之间的相关性。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Economics, Management & Business Administration
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