Pub Date : 2019-06-02DOI: 10.31557/apjec.2019.2.2.29
Sima Maree, Esa Mohammadi Zidi, S. Yari, M. Javadi
Background: Sleep problems in children have serious physical and psychological consequences such as obesity, aggression and attention deficit disorder in toddlers. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of sleep problems and its relation with sleeping habits of toddlers in 2017. Methods: By random sampling from rural families of Razan city of Hamadan province, 120 mothers of 12- to 36-month-old children were selected and data collection tools included contextual questions, medical history and 33-question questionnaire of children's sleep habits (CSHQ) completed. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 23, independent t-test, chi-square, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression. Results: The mean age of the children was 22.82±7.53 months and 55% of them were boys and the prevalence of sleep problems was 70.8% (95% confidence interval: 71.9-69.7). The average sleep duration of the children was 11 hours and more than 60% of the children went to bed after 23 o'clock. Results show that age is an important factor in most dimensions of CSHQ and age predicts daytime sleepiness (β = -0.263), nocturnal wakefulness (β = -0.113) and duration, Sleep time (β = -0.108) and sleep resistance (β = 0.194) respectively. Also, parents' education and child's current weight were predictors of subscales of CSHQ questionnaire (P <0.05). In addition, there was a positive and significant correlation between sleep duration with infant sleep anxiety (r = 0.527) and resistance to sleep (r = 0.473) as well as nocturnal wakefulness with parasomnia (r = 0.416) (P <0.001). Conclusion: Given the alarming prevalence of sleep problems in toddlers in the present study and the impact of some changeable factors on children's sleep health, designing interventions aimed at educating mothers to improve healthy sleep habits in toddlers is necessary.
{"title":"Prevalence of sleep problems and its relation to sleeping habits in toddlers","authors":"Sima Maree, Esa Mohammadi Zidi, S. Yari, M. Javadi","doi":"10.31557/apjec.2019.2.2.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/apjec.2019.2.2.29","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sleep problems in children have serious physical and psychological consequences such as obesity, aggression and attention deficit disorder in toddlers. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of sleep problems and its relation with sleeping habits of toddlers in 2017. \u0000Methods: By random sampling from rural families of Razan city of Hamadan province, 120 mothers of 12- to 36-month-old children were selected and data collection tools included contextual questions, medical history and 33-question questionnaire of children's sleep habits (CSHQ) completed. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 23, independent t-test, chi-square, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression. \u0000Results: The mean age of the children was 22.82±7.53 months and 55% of them were boys and the prevalence of sleep problems was 70.8% (95% confidence interval: 71.9-69.7). The average sleep duration of the children was 11 hours and more than 60% of the children went to bed after 23 o'clock. Results show that age is an important factor in most dimensions of CSHQ and age predicts daytime sleepiness (β = -0.263), nocturnal wakefulness (β = -0.113) and duration, Sleep time (β = -0.108) and sleep resistance (β = 0.194) respectively. Also, parents' education and child's current weight were predictors of subscales of CSHQ questionnaire (P <0.05). In addition, there was a positive and significant correlation between sleep duration with infant sleep anxiety (r = 0.527) and resistance to sleep (r = 0.473) as well as nocturnal wakefulness with parasomnia (r = 0.416) (P <0.001). \u0000Conclusion: Given the alarming prevalence of sleep problems in toddlers in the present study and the impact of some changeable factors on children's sleep health, designing interventions aimed at educating mothers to improve healthy sleep habits in toddlers is necessary.","PeriodicalId":270461,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Environment and Cancer","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122700597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-24DOI: 10.31557/APJEC.2019.2.1.11-16
A. Maher, M. Monfared, M. Jafari
Introduction: Enhancement of patient safety represents a principle objective followed by any health system, and it is necessary to consistently monitor the patient safety culture among nurses. Adopted by health service providers, the patient safety culture is described as the acceptance and maintenance of the patient safety as a common priority and value across the organization, or representation of the common patient safety-related values, beliefs, perceptions, and attitudes among the staff at centers providing health services, as expressed in their behaviors. Given the importance of this topic, the present research investigates the state of safety management in the relationship between safety management and patient safety culture in Cancer Treatment Centers, so as to study the patient safety culture among the personnel at the hospitals. Methods: The present research plan is an applied study following a descriptive aim via a correlational methodology. Validity of the questionnaires used in this research was confirmed based on opinions of five experts, with the reliability of the results among the observers confirmed by a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.86. The statistical population included three training hospitals in the city of Kermanshah, where different departments such as management, operating rooms, nurses, and the committee of safety and incidents were investigated during 2017-2018. Results: Based on the findings of the present research, significant direct relationships were observed between the patient safety culture and safety management variables (e.g., operating room standards assessment, the committee of safety and incidents, hospitalization wards assessment, hospital accreditation score, hospital structure, and hospital organization), and an inverse relationship was obtained between the hospital occupancy rate and the patient safety culture. Conclusion: Determination of safety policies by the management, keeping the personnel well-trained, and continuous reports by the personnel tend to enhance the level of safety across a hospital, thereby adding to the safety culture and productivity of the hospital while reducing potential safety risks. Accordingly, in order to enhance patient safety, it is necessary to adequately invest on the assessment of the safety culture.
{"title":"The relationship between safety management and patient safety culture in Cancer Treatment Centers","authors":"A. Maher, M. Monfared, M. Jafari","doi":"10.31557/APJEC.2019.2.1.11-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/APJEC.2019.2.1.11-16","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Enhancement of patient safety represents a principle objective followed by any health system, and it is necessary to consistently monitor the patient safety culture among nurses. Adopted by health service providers, the patient safety culture is described as the acceptance and maintenance of the patient safety as a common priority and value across the organization, or representation of the common patient safety-related values, beliefs, perceptions, and attitudes among the staff at centers providing health services, as expressed in their behaviors. Given the importance of this topic, the present research investigates the state of safety management in the relationship between safety management and patient safety culture in Cancer Treatment Centers, so as to study the patient safety culture among the personnel at the hospitals. \u0000Methods: The present research plan is an applied study following a descriptive aim via a correlational methodology. Validity of the questionnaires used in this research was confirmed based on opinions of five experts, with the reliability of the results among the observers confirmed by a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.86. The statistical population included three training hospitals in the city of Kermanshah, where different departments such as management, operating rooms, nurses, and the committee of safety and incidents were investigated during 2017-2018. \u0000Results: Based on the findings of the present research, significant direct relationships were observed between the patient safety culture and safety management variables (e.g., operating room standards assessment, the committee of safety and incidents, hospitalization wards assessment, hospital accreditation score, hospital structure, and hospital organization), and an inverse relationship was obtained between the hospital occupancy rate and the patient safety culture. \u0000Conclusion: Determination of safety policies by the management, keeping the personnel well-trained, and continuous reports by the personnel tend to enhance the level of safety across a hospital, thereby adding to the safety culture and productivity of the hospital while reducing potential safety risks. Accordingly, in order to enhance patient safety, it is necessary to adequately invest on the assessment of the safety culture.","PeriodicalId":270461,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Environment and Cancer","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115217339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-24DOI: 10.31557/APJEC.2019.2.1.5-9
M. Zaker, Afshin Hazrati-Marangaloo, Seyede-Roghayeh Hosseini
Introduction: The breast cancer is the first common cancer among Iranian women, accounting for 24.4% of all cancers. With the improvement in disease‑free survival with advanced treatment modalities, question of quality of life (QOL) arises. The aim of the present review was assessment QOL of Iranian women with cancer breast and affecting factors.Methods: This study is a review article in which articles about Breast cancer were searched in databases such as Scopus, SID, Magiran, Google Scholar, Pubmed, IranMedex, ScienceDirec from key words of Cancer Brest, Quality of Life, Affecting Factor and Iran were used to search.Results: Twenty-eight studies from 2008 to 2018 on the quality of life of 2226 patients with breast cancer in Iran were conducted. In these studies, five different questionnaires QLQ-C30, SF-36, Ferrans & Power, QLQ-BR23, WHO-QOL 26 to check the quality of life patients were used. Conclusion: Breast cancer affects the quality of life of the patients and reduces it. Psychological and financial support and exercise and health for women experiencing breast cancer diagnosis can have been a positive impact on the disease and the patient’s compliance with the complications of the disease and the treatments.
简介:乳腺癌是伊朗妇女中最常见的癌症，占所有癌症的24.4%。随着先进治疗方式对无病生存率的提高，生活质量(QOL)问题出现了。本综述的目的是评估伊朗乳腺癌妇女的生活质量及其影响因素。方法:在Scopus、SID、Magiran、谷歌Scholar、Pubmed、IranMedex、ScienceDirec等数据库中，从cancer Breast、Quality of Life、impact Factor、Iran等关键词中检索乳腺癌相关文献，并进行综述。结果:2008 - 2018年对伊朗2226例乳腺癌患者的生活质量进行了28项研究。本研究采用QLQ-C30、SF-36、Ferrans & Power、QLQ-BR23、WHO-QOL 26五种不同的问卷来检查患者的生活质量。结论:乳腺癌影响患者的生活质量，降低患者的生活质量。对诊断患有乳腺癌的妇女提供心理和经济支持以及锻炼和健康，可以对疾病以及患者对疾病并发症和治疗的依从性产生积极影响。
{"title":"Quality of Life in Iranian Breast Cancer Survivors and Affecting Factors: A Review Article","authors":"M. Zaker, Afshin Hazrati-Marangaloo, Seyede-Roghayeh Hosseini","doi":"10.31557/APJEC.2019.2.1.5-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/APJEC.2019.2.1.5-9","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The breast cancer is the first common cancer among Iranian women, accounting for 24.4% of all cancers. With the improvement in disease‑free survival with advanced treatment modalities, question of quality of life (QOL) arises. The aim of the present review was assessment QOL of Iranian women with cancer breast and affecting factors.Methods: This study is a review article in which articles about Breast cancer were searched in databases such as Scopus, SID, Magiran, Google Scholar, Pubmed, IranMedex, ScienceDirec from key words of Cancer Brest, Quality of Life, Affecting Factor and Iran were used to search.Results: Twenty-eight studies from 2008 to 2018 on the quality of life of 2226 patients with breast cancer in Iran were conducted. In these studies, five different questionnaires QLQ-C30, SF-36, Ferrans & Power, QLQ-BR23, WHO-QOL 26 to check the quality of life patients were used. Conclusion: Breast cancer affects the quality of life of the patients and reduces it. Psychological and financial support and exercise and health for women experiencing breast cancer diagnosis can have been a positive impact on the disease and the patient’s compliance with the complications of the disease and the treatments.","PeriodicalId":270461,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Environment and Cancer","volume":"42 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113938590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-24DOI: 10.31557/APJEC.2019.2.1.23-27
A. Nikpey, H. Saeidabadi, S. Sheikhi, S. Yari, Tayyebeh Jaddi Madarsara
Background: Appliance manufacturing boom is very high hand customers always have a great deal of attention to products that have low energy consumption, therefore the use of isocyanates MDI as a thermal insulation in the body of the refrigerator and is also widely used as a binder in the production of washing machines. MDI isocyanate study the effects on the respiratory capacity of formers injection was done foam material in a household appliance company Method: this case control study in 1395 and a household appliance manufacturing company in the province of Qazvin 20 personnel working injected foam material is exposed to isocyanates ,for example administrative personnel and 20 served as controls using medical records these values breathing capacity FVC , FEV1 , FEV1/FVC in both 1390 and 1394 extracted using SPSS software and paired T-TEST data were analyzed. Results: Measuring the concentration of isocyanate in 90 blocks in the cabin and tap lid above the limit, which was due to the failure of the ventilation system, in 94 years due to the good performance of the ventilation system in the isocyanate concentration was at the limit. According to their experiences foam material is injected every three indexes FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC had significant losses, FEV1 and FVC decline among which were a significant level. (p=0.036, p= 0.008) the control samples also non- significant decline in the indicators that this can be attributed to aging. Conclusion: It is known that exposure to isocyanate materials decreased respiratory capacity is personnel, to postpone it to the desired function ventilation system. it would be desirable to postpone the operation of the ventilation system and non-isocyanate leak on the ground, work, be a lot of attention. even with the improvement of the job must be conservative’s injection foam material is exposed to isocyanates be included in the list of hard and hazardous jobs. Keywords: MDI, respiratory exposure, respiratory capacity, workers inject foam material.
{"title":"Evaluation of respiratory exposure to 4,4-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) vapors in foam injection workers in a household appliance manufacturing company: An Occupational Carcinogen","authors":"A. Nikpey, H. Saeidabadi, S. Sheikhi, S. Yari, Tayyebeh Jaddi Madarsara","doi":"10.31557/APJEC.2019.2.1.23-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/APJEC.2019.2.1.23-27","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Appliance manufacturing boom is very high hand customers always have a great deal of attention to products that have low energy consumption, therefore the use of isocyanates MDI as a thermal insulation in the body of the refrigerator and is also widely used as a binder in the production of washing machines. MDI isocyanate study the effects on the respiratory capacity of formers injection was done foam material in a household appliance company \u0000Method: this case control study in 1395 and a household appliance manufacturing company in the province of Qazvin 20 personnel working injected foam material is exposed to isocyanates ,for example administrative personnel and 20 served as controls using medical records these values breathing capacity FVC , FEV1 , FEV1/FVC in both 1390 and 1394 extracted using SPSS software and paired T-TEST data were analyzed. \u0000Results: Measuring the concentration of isocyanate in 90 blocks in the cabin and tap lid above the limit, which was due to the failure of the ventilation system, in 94 years due to the good performance of the ventilation system in the isocyanate concentration was at the limit. According to their experiences foam material is injected every three indexes FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC had significant losses, FEV1 and FVC decline among which were a significant level. (p=0.036, p= 0.008) the control samples also non- significant decline in the indicators that this can be attributed to aging. \u0000Conclusion: It is known that exposure to isocyanate materials decreased respiratory capacity is personnel, to postpone it to the desired function ventilation system. it would be desirable to postpone the operation of the ventilation system and non-isocyanate leak on the ground, work, be a lot of attention. even with the improvement of the job must be conservative’s injection foam material is exposed to isocyanates be included in the list of hard and hazardous jobs. \u0000Keywords: MDI, respiratory exposure, respiratory capacity, workers inject foam material.","PeriodicalId":270461,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Environment and Cancer","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124644546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-24DOI: 10.31557/apjec.2019.2.1.1
Attabak Toofani Milani, M. Mohammadian, S. Rostaminasab, Roghayeh Paribananaem, Z. Ahmadi, Azim Akbarzadeh khiyavi
Conventional diagnostic test have limitations to deferential diagnosis in clinical suspicion ofbacterial infection cases, that in some cases lead to inappropriate antibiotic therapy and increases antibiotic resistance. A new diagnostic insight is procalcitonin (PCT) test to improve diagnosis of bacterial infections and to guide antibiotic therapy. Serum PCT levels are of useful test as a biomarker in patients with bacterial infections for several reasons. Initial rise of PCT levels due to bacterial infection, subsequent sequential PCT levels can be used to assess the effectiveness and duration of antibiotic therapy. Based on clinical researches results, in bacterial infections, promising good results obtained when use of PCT used as differential diagnostic test. But further intervention studies are needed before use of PCT in clinical routine tests. The goal of this review is to study the PCT reliability as infections diagnostic biomarker.
{"title":"Procalcitonin Testingreduce Unnecessary Antibiotic Use in Bacterial Infection","authors":"Attabak Toofani Milani, M. Mohammadian, S. Rostaminasab, Roghayeh Paribananaem, Z. Ahmadi, Azim Akbarzadeh khiyavi","doi":"10.31557/apjec.2019.2.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/apjec.2019.2.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional diagnostic test have limitations to deferential diagnosis in clinical suspicion ofbacterial infection cases, that in some cases lead to inappropriate antibiotic therapy and increases antibiotic resistance. A new diagnostic insight is procalcitonin (PCT) test to improve diagnosis of bacterial infections and to guide antibiotic therapy. Serum PCT levels are of useful test as a biomarker in patients with bacterial infections for several reasons. Initial rise of PCT levels due to bacterial infection, subsequent sequential PCT levels can be used to assess the effectiveness and duration of antibiotic therapy. Based on clinical researches results, in bacterial infections, promising good results obtained when use of PCT used as differential diagnostic test. But further intervention studies are needed before use of PCT in clinical routine tests. The goal of this review is to study the PCT reliability as infections diagnostic biomarker.","PeriodicalId":270461,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Environment and Cancer","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134007495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-24DOI: 10.31557/APJEC.2019.2.1.17-22
R. Moradi, A. Nikpey, H. Saeidabadi, S. Yari
Background: Qazvin province has suffered a lot of natural disasters (earthquakes) for a long time. so, the establishment of the first industrial city in Iran, has always been a source of concern. One of these problems is the possibility of chlorine gas leaking from the chlorination system of drinking water and treatment plant the existing ones are on the health of the inhabitants of this region.Material and method: This analytical study was carried out in Novorossiysk district of Alborz in December 2012. Initially, chlorine gas leakage scenarios from these facilities were simulated by ALOHA and WISER software, and then using the Emergency Level System, according to the CCPS Consultative Center's Chemical Process Safety Advice, the Emergency Response Program was presented. Results: ALOHA software, in comparison with WISER software, has more precision to identify and address the consequences of chlorine gas leakage hazards and according to the simulation of this software in the event of a leak from the well and water resources unit at 8240 m from the area and at night 7520 meters will be affected. Due to the speed of delivering results through the WISER software, this software can be used at times when the operating speed is considered (incident time).Conclusion: According to the CCPS model, the emergency conditions were classified at levels 3 and 4, therefore, the relevant crisis management agencies (Qazvin Crisis Management Committee, Alborz City Health Center, Red Crescent and Firefighting Authority) should provide training maneuvers At Alborz city level, and informing people of cities and industrial companies, many efforts have been made to reduce human and environmental damage in case of possible leakage.
{"title":"Simulation the Probability of Liberalizing Chlorin Gas from Urban Water Chlorination System in Alborz: With the Cancer Approach","authors":"R. Moradi, A. Nikpey, H. Saeidabadi, S. Yari","doi":"10.31557/APJEC.2019.2.1.17-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/APJEC.2019.2.1.17-22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Qazvin province has suffered a lot of natural disasters (earthquakes) for a long time. so, the establishment of the first industrial city in Iran, has always been a source of concern. One of these problems is the possibility of chlorine gas leaking from the chlorination system of drinking water and treatment plant the existing ones are on the health of the inhabitants of this region.Material and method: This analytical study was carried out in Novorossiysk district of Alborz in December 2012. Initially, chlorine gas leakage scenarios from these facilities were simulated by ALOHA and WISER software, and then using the Emergency Level System, according to the CCPS Consultative Center's Chemical Process Safety Advice, the Emergency Response Program was presented. Results: ALOHA software, in comparison with WISER software, has more precision to identify and address the consequences of chlorine gas leakage hazards and according to the simulation of this software in the event of a leak from the well and water resources unit at 8240 m from the area and at night 7520 meters will be affected. Due to the speed of delivering results through the WISER software, this software can be used at times when the operating speed is considered (incident time).Conclusion: According to the CCPS model, the emergency conditions were classified at levels 3 and 4, therefore, the relevant crisis management agencies (Qazvin Crisis Management Committee, Alborz City Health Center, Red Crescent and Firefighting Authority) should provide training maneuvers At Alborz city level, and informing people of cities and industrial companies, many efforts have been made to reduce human and environmental damage in case of possible leakage.","PeriodicalId":270461,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Environment and Cancer","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133164219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-15DOI: 10.31557/APJCC.2019.4.1.11
Azim Akbarzadeh Khiyavi
Conventional diagnostic test have limitations to deferential diagnosis in clinical suspicion ofbacterial infection cases, that in some cases lead to inappropriate antibiotic therapy and increases antibiotic resistance. A new diagnostic insight is procalcitonin (PCT) test to improve diagnosis of bacterial infections and to guide antibiotic therapy. Serum PCT levels are of useful test as a biomarker in patients with bacterial infections for several reasons. Initial rise of PCT levels due to bacterial infection, subsequent sequential PCT levels can be used to assess the effectiveness and duration of antibiotic therapy. Based on clinical researches results, in bacterial infections, promising good results obtained when use of PCT used as differential diagnostic test. But further intervention studies are needed before use of PCT in clinical routine tests. The goal of this review is to study the PCT reliability as infections diagnostic biomarker.
{"title":"Procalcitonin Testingreduce Unnecessary Antibiotic Use in Bacterial Infection","authors":"Azim Akbarzadeh Khiyavi","doi":"10.31557/APJCC.2019.4.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/APJCC.2019.4.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional diagnostic test have limitations to deferential diagnosis in clinical suspicion ofbacterial infection cases, that in some cases lead to inappropriate antibiotic therapy and increases antibiotic resistance. A new diagnostic insight is procalcitonin (PCT) test to improve diagnosis of bacterial infections and to guide antibiotic therapy. Serum PCT levels are of useful test as a biomarker in patients with bacterial infections for several reasons. Initial rise of PCT levels due to bacterial infection, subsequent sequential PCT levels can be used to assess the effectiveness and duration of antibiotic therapy. Based on clinical researches results, in bacterial infections, promising good results obtained when use of PCT used as differential diagnostic test. But further intervention studies are needed before use of PCT in clinical routine tests. The goal of this review is to study the PCT reliability as infections diagnostic biomarker.","PeriodicalId":270461,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Environment and Cancer","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130982840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-26DOI: 10.31557/APJEC.2018.1.1.35-40
Z. Khazaei, Y. Moradi, H. Adineh, F. Rezaei, Malihe Sohrabivafa, I. Darvishi, S. Dehghani, E. Goodarzi
Infections are a major contributor to cancer, especially in developing countries. Infections through the virus, bacteria and parasites are the most and most preventable causes of cancer in the world. The aim of the current study was to investigate the epidemiology of cancer-related infections in Asia. We considered 4 infectious agents classified as carcinogenic to human beings by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. We calculated the number of new cancer cases in 2012 attributable to infections by country, by combining cancer incidence estimates (from GLOBOCAN 2012) with the estimates of attributable fraction (AF) for the infectious agents. AF estimates were calculated from the prevalence of infection in cancer cases for the infection (for some sites). According to data registered in 2012, about 14 million new cases of cancer were detected worldwide of which 2. 2 million people (15.4%) diagnosed with cancer due to infection. The highest incidence of infectious cancers related to the African continent with a prevalence of 27.6% followed by Asian continents (21.4%), America (7.9%), Europe (7.3%) and Oceania (4.8%), respectively. In the Asian continent, of all cancers associated with infection in males, 48.1% were related to Helicobacter pylori infection, 33.2% of hepatitis B virus, 8% of hepatitis C and 3.3% of HPV and in women 47.4% HPV, 28.7% Helicobacter pylori, 15.3% Hepatitis B and 4.5% Hepatitis C, respectively. India (230,000 cases) and Japan (140,000 cases) were the most affected, while Bahrain (86 cases) and Brunei (88 cases) had the least cases of infection-related cancer. in Asia, the most common cancer-related infection in males and females were reported for Helicobacter pylori and HPV, respectively. Therefore, with preventive interventions aimed at reducing these infections, the burden of cancers can be reduced.
{"title":"Cancers Attributable to Infectious Agents: an Ecological Study in Asia","authors":"Z. Khazaei, Y. Moradi, H. Adineh, F. Rezaei, Malihe Sohrabivafa, I. Darvishi, S. Dehghani, E. Goodarzi","doi":"10.31557/APJEC.2018.1.1.35-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/APJEC.2018.1.1.35-40","url":null,"abstract":"Infections are a major contributor to cancer, especially in developing countries. Infections through the virus, bacteria and parasites are the most and most preventable causes of cancer in the world. The aim of the current study was to investigate the epidemiology of cancer-related infections in Asia. We considered 4 infectious agents classified as carcinogenic to human beings by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. We calculated the number of new cancer cases in 2012 attributable to infections by country, by combining cancer incidence estimates (from GLOBOCAN 2012) with the estimates of attributable fraction (AF) for the infectious agents. AF estimates were calculated from the prevalence of infection in cancer cases for the infection (for some sites). According to data registered in 2012, about 14 million new cases of cancer were detected worldwide of which 2. 2 million people (15.4%) diagnosed with cancer due to infection. The highest incidence of infectious cancers related to the African continent with a prevalence of 27.6% followed by Asian continents (21.4%), America (7.9%), Europe (7.3%) and Oceania (4.8%), respectively. In the Asian continent, of all cancers associated with infection in males, 48.1% were related to Helicobacter pylori infection, 33.2% of hepatitis B virus, 8% of hepatitis C and 3.3% of HPV and in women 47.4% HPV, 28.7% Helicobacter pylori, 15.3% Hepatitis B and 4.5% Hepatitis C, respectively. India (230,000 cases) and Japan (140,000 cases) were the most affected, while Bahrain (86 cases) and Brunei (88 cases) had the least cases of infection-related cancer. in Asia, the most common cancer-related infection in males and females were reported for Helicobacter pylori and HPV, respectively. Therefore, with preventive interventions aimed at reducing these infections, the burden of cancers can be reduced.","PeriodicalId":270461,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Environment and Cancer","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124640106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-26DOI: 10.31557/APJEC.2018.1.1.59-67
Z. Khazaei, Mojgan Navabi, I. Darvishi, E. Goodarzi
Background: the cancer was considered as the second cause of mortality in the developed countries and all around the world after the cardiovascular diseases. Also, it was reported as the third cause of mortality in the less developed countries after cardiovascular diseases. The current study was aimed to evaluate the epidemiology, incidence, and mortality of all cancers in East-Mediterranean region by gender and age. Methods: This study was an ecologic study in Asia for assessment of the correlation between age-specific incidence rate (ASIR) and age-specific mortality rate (ASMR) with HDI (life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling and gross national income (GNI) per capita) Data about SIR and SMR for every Asian country for the year 2012 were obtained from the global cancer project. Correlation bivariate method for assessment of the correlation between incidence and mortality rates was used. Statistical analysis using Stata-14 and P 05/0, respectively and a significant <0.05. Results: in East-Mediterranean region, some 555318 cases of cancer recorded in 2012. The highest incidence rates of cancer were reported for breast, colo-rectum, lung, liver, and bladder being 17.9%, 5.9%, 5.9%, 5.3%, and 5%, respectively. Also, the highest mortality of cancer were reported for breast, colo-rectum, lung, liver, and bladder being 11.5%, 5.8%, 5.9%, 7.6%, and 3.8%, respectively. The highest and lowest mortality ratios were reported for Somalia, and Saudi Arabia being 106.2, and 53.9 cases per 100000 people, respectively. Lung cancer and Human Development Index (HDI) had significant correlation with each other (P> 0.05). Also, a significant correlation was seen between Human Development Index (HDI) and mortality rates of breast, colorectal, lung and liver cancer (P> 0.05). Conclusion: the cancer was considered as one of the main causes of mortality in the most countries of East-Mediterranean region. The breast and colorectal cancers were reported as the most common types of cancer in this region. As for the alarming trend and remarkable distribution of cancer to the disease load in East-Mediterranean countries, controlling the cancer should be considered as one of the priorities of health policy. Key words: Cancer, Incidence, Mortality, Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office (EMRO).
{"title":"The incidence and mortality of cancer in Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office (EMRO) and its relationship with Human Development Index (HDI): An Ecological Study","authors":"Z. Khazaei, Mojgan Navabi, I. Darvishi, E. Goodarzi","doi":"10.31557/APJEC.2018.1.1.59-67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/APJEC.2018.1.1.59-67","url":null,"abstract":"Background: the cancer was considered as the second cause of mortality in the developed countries and all around the world after the cardiovascular diseases. Also, it was reported as the third cause of mortality in the less developed countries after cardiovascular diseases. The current study was aimed to evaluate the epidemiology, incidence, and mortality of all cancers in East-Mediterranean region by gender and age. \u0000Methods: This study was an ecologic study in Asia for assessment of the correlation between age-specific incidence rate (ASIR) and age-specific mortality rate (ASMR) with HDI (life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling and gross national income (GNI) per capita) Data about SIR and SMR for every Asian country for the year 2012 were obtained from the global cancer project. Correlation bivariate method for assessment of the correlation between incidence and mortality rates was used. Statistical analysis using Stata-14 and P 05/0, respectively and a significant <0.05. \u0000Results: in East-Mediterranean region, some 555318 cases of cancer recorded in 2012. The highest incidence rates of cancer were reported for breast, colo-rectum, lung, liver, and bladder being 17.9%, 5.9%, 5.9%, 5.3%, and 5%, respectively. Also, the highest mortality of cancer were reported for breast, colo-rectum, lung, liver, and bladder being 11.5%, 5.8%, 5.9%, 7.6%, and 3.8%, respectively. \u0000The highest and lowest mortality ratios were reported for Somalia, and Saudi Arabia being 106.2, and 53.9 cases per 100000 people, respectively. Lung cancer and Human Development Index (HDI) had significant correlation with each other (P> 0.05). Also, a significant correlation was seen between Human Development Index (HDI) and mortality rates of breast, colorectal, lung and liver cancer (P> 0.05). \u0000Conclusion: the cancer was considered as one of the main causes of mortality in the most countries of East-Mediterranean region. The breast and colorectal cancers were reported as the most common types of cancer in this region. As for the alarming trend and remarkable distribution of cancer to the disease load in East-Mediterranean countries, controlling the cancer should be considered as one of the priorities of health policy. \u0000Key words: Cancer, Incidence, Mortality, Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office (EMRO). \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":270461,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Environment and Cancer","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130339757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-26DOI: 10.31557/apjec.2018.1.2.55
M. Nourmohammadi, Ayda Fallah Asadi, A. Jarrahi, S. Yari
Exposure to silica dust may be considered as an important hazard in the tile industry. The aim of this research was to determine workers’ exposure to crystalline silica dust and assess the relative risk of silicosis and the excess lifetime risk of mortality from lung cancer in tile industry. The visible spectroscopy, based on the NIOSH method 7601, was employed to the do sampling and analysis. For estimate the rate of silicosis relate mortality and the excess lifetime risk of mortality from lung cancer the Mannetje and rice model used. The highest average of the exposure rate to silica were in Stone crusher (0/43 mg/m3) section and press section while the lowest average of the exposure rate to free silica was in packaging section (0/12 mg/m3). 95 percent of the study samples scored above the occupational exposure limit0.05 mg/m3NIOSH standard.
{"title":"Risk of Mortality Caused by Silicosis and Lung Cancer: a Study on Ceramic Tile Factory Workers","authors":"M. Nourmohammadi, Ayda Fallah Asadi, A. Jarrahi, S. Yari","doi":"10.31557/apjec.2018.1.2.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/apjec.2018.1.2.55","url":null,"abstract":"Exposure to silica dust may be considered as an important hazard in the tile industry. The aim of this research was to determine workers’ exposure to crystalline silica dust and assess the relative risk of silicosis and the excess lifetime risk of mortality from lung cancer in tile industry. The visible spectroscopy, based on the NIOSH method 7601, was employed to the do sampling and analysis. For estimate the rate of silicosis relate mortality and the excess lifetime risk of mortality from lung cancer the Mannetje and rice model used. The highest average of the exposure rate to silica were in Stone crusher (0/43 mg/m3) section and press section while the lowest average of the exposure rate to free silica was in packaging section (0/12 mg/m3). 95 percent of the study samples scored above the occupational exposure limit0.05 mg/m3NIOSH standard.","PeriodicalId":270461,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Environment and Cancer","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122261835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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