Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.31557/apjec.2021.4.1.9-17
S M Nazmuz Sakib
This writing will focus on the impact on the impact of oil and gas development on the landscape, surface water and groundwater of the Niger Delta – while also assessing the various means of remediation in use. Geologically, the Niger Delta petroleum systems consist of Lower Cretaceous , Upper Cretaceous–lower Paleocene and Tertiary. When Nigeria became an independent nation on 1 October 1960, Shell–BP began to relinquish its acreage and its exploration licenses were converted into prospecting licenses that allowed development and production. The Federal Government of Nigeria started its Department of Petroleum Resources Inspectorate in 1970 and Nigeria joined the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries in 1971. – and in order to take control of the country’s petroleum industry, Nigeria nationalized BP’s holding completely in 1979, and Shell–BP became Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria. Oil spillages routinely occur in the Niger Delta. The official figures of SPDC show that between 1976 and 2001, 6,187 incidents in which 3 million barrels were spilled. The Niger Delta Environmental Survey An impact assessment of the 1983 Oshika oil spill. Spills of crude oil in Niger Delta farmlands have been reported since 1971. In general, toxicity depends on nature and type of crude oil , level of oil contamination, type of environment and degree of selective of individual organisms. Controlled burning effectively reduce the amount of oil in water, if done properly but it must be done in low wind and can cause air pollution. A principal target for emissions reduction is flaring and venting which causes most of the air pollution. Saltwater tanks can be often susceptible to lightning strikes due to build up in static electricity, with the spilled oil spreading to surrounding lands, waterways. This requires a secondary containment of the tanks that makes it easier to clean up the inevitable spill. In cases of expected major storms or flooding events, crude oil can be removed from tank batteries while refilling the tanks with saltwater to prevent them tipping over during the flooding event.
{"title":"The Impact of Oil and Gas Development on the Landscape and Surface in Nigeria","authors":"S M Nazmuz Sakib","doi":"10.31557/apjec.2021.4.1.9-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/apjec.2021.4.1.9-17","url":null,"abstract":"This writing will focus on the impact on the impact of oil and gas development on the landscape, surface water and groundwater of the Niger Delta – while also assessing the various means of remediation in use. Geologically, the Niger Delta petroleum systems consist of Lower Cretaceous , Upper Cretaceous–lower Paleocene and Tertiary. When Nigeria became an independent nation on 1 October 1960, Shell–BP began to relinquish its acreage and its exploration licenses were converted into prospecting licenses that allowed development and production. The Federal Government of Nigeria started its Department of Petroleum Resources Inspectorate in 1970 and Nigeria joined the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries in 1971. – and in order to take control of the country’s petroleum industry, Nigeria nationalized BP’s holding completely in 1979, and Shell–BP became Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria. Oil spillages routinely occur in the Niger Delta. The official figures of SPDC show that between 1976 and 2001, 6,187 incidents in which 3 million barrels were spilled. The Niger Delta Environmental Survey An impact assessment of the 1983 Oshika oil spill. Spills of crude oil in Niger Delta farmlands have been reported since 1971. In general, toxicity depends on nature and type of crude oil , level of oil contamination, type of environment and degree of selective of individual organisms. Controlled burning effectively reduce the amount of oil in water, if done properly but it must be done in low wind and can cause air pollution. A principal target for emissions reduction is flaring and venting which causes most of the air pollution. Saltwater tanks can be often susceptible to lightning strikes due to build up in static electricity, with the spilled oil spreading to surrounding lands, waterways. This requires a secondary containment of the tanks that makes it easier to clean up the inevitable spill. In cases of expected major storms or flooding events, crude oil can be removed from tank batteries while refilling the tanks with saltwater to prevent them tipping over during the flooding event.","PeriodicalId":270461,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Environment and Cancer","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130509566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-15DOI: 10.31557/apjec.2021.4.1.3-7
Ghasem Janbabaee, Aliasghar Nadi-Ghara, M. Afshari, S. R. Moghadam, M. Ashrafi, M. Aarabi, A. Hedayatizadeh-Omran, R. Alizadeh-Navaei, M. Jouybari, M. Moosazadeh
Introduction: Cancers are the second cause of death worldwide. Prevalence and incidence of cancers is getting increased by aging and population growth. This study aims to predict the incidence of breast, colorectal and bladder cancers in north of Iran until 2020 using time series models. Methods: The number of breast, colorectal and bladder cancer cases from April 2014 to March 2016 was extracted. The time variable was each month of the study years and using the number of daily registered cancers in each month, the time series of the monthly incident cases was designed. Then, three methods of time series analysis including Box Jenkins, Bayesian and Bootstrap were applied for predicting the incidence of the above cancers until March 2020. Results: The number of bladder cancer cases in March 2014 was 6 cases. This study showed that the number of breast cancer cases in March 2020 will be increased to 15, 15 and 26 cases based on ARIMA, Bootstrap and Bayesian methods respectively. In addition, the incident cases of breast cancer, will be increased from 32 in 2014 to 65 (ARIMA method), 47(Bootstrap method) and 364 (Bayesian method). The corresponding figure for colorectal cancer was 30, 30 and 95 respectively. Conclusion: The increasing trend of breast, bladder and colorectal cancers will be continued which is considerable based on the Bayesian method results. Considering the limited reliable data used in a short time, it seems that the forecasting results of this model is acceptable.
{"title":"Forecasting the incidence of breast, colorectal and bladder cancers in north of Iran using time series models; comparing Bayesian, ARIMA and Bootstrap approaches","authors":"Ghasem Janbabaee, Aliasghar Nadi-Ghara, M. Afshari, S. R. Moghadam, M. Ashrafi, M. Aarabi, A. Hedayatizadeh-Omran, R. Alizadeh-Navaei, M. Jouybari, M. Moosazadeh","doi":"10.31557/apjec.2021.4.1.3-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/apjec.2021.4.1.3-7","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cancers are the second cause of death worldwide. Prevalence and incidence of cancers is getting increased by aging and population growth. This study aims to predict the incidence of breast, colorectal and bladder cancers in north of Iran until 2020 using time series models. \u0000Methods: The number of breast, colorectal and bladder cancer cases from April 2014 to March 2016 was extracted. The time variable was each month of the study years and using the number of daily registered cancers in each month, the time series of the monthly incident cases was designed. Then, three methods of time series analysis including Box Jenkins, Bayesian and Bootstrap were applied for predicting the incidence of the above cancers until March 2020. \u0000Results: The number of bladder cancer cases in March 2014 was 6 cases. This study showed that the number of breast cancer cases in March 2020 will be increased to 15, 15 and 26 cases based on ARIMA, Bootstrap and Bayesian methods respectively. In addition, the incident cases of breast cancer, will be increased from 32 in 2014 to 65 (ARIMA method), 47(Bootstrap method) and 364 (Bayesian method). The corresponding figure for colorectal cancer was 30, 30 and 95 respectively. \u0000Conclusion: The increasing trend of breast, bladder and colorectal cancers will be continued which is considerable based on the Bayesian method results. Considering the limited reliable data used in a short time, it seems that the forecasting results of this model is acceptable.","PeriodicalId":270461,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Environment and Cancer","volume":"123 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114009815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-15DOI: 10.31557/apjec.2020.3.1.35-40
T. K. Vo, N. Huynh, D. Nguyen, N. Ta, M. Nguyen, Tai Van Nguyen, H. Dang, N. Le
Objectives: The aim was to describe the characteristics and outcomes of treatments for coronavirus infection in cancer survivors in Viet Nam from 23 January to 6 May 2020. Methods: We accessed data registration and publication of cases tested positive with COVID-19 by the Ministry of Health in Viet Nam. Characteristics of reported positive cases included age, sex, sources of infection, nationality, the onset of symptoms, and history of chronic diseases. The outcomes included incubation, suspected, clinical course, and clearance time by the subgroup of patients having a history of cancer and non-cancer. T-test was used to compare two means of these groups. Results: Three men patients were cancer survivors (1.1% of 271 cases),a Chinese business aged 66 having lung cancer (ICD-10: C34), a Sweden tourism aged 64 having blood cancer (ICD-10: C81-C96), and a Vietnamese aged 71 having liver cancer (ICD-10: C22). The remaining 268 patients were free-cancer. The clinical course of three cancer survivors was 17.3 days that were shorter 3.2 days when compared to non-cancer, p=0.2068. The estimated suspected time was longer in cancer survivors (5.3 days) than non-cancer (1.5 days), p =0.0394. The mean age was older in cancer survivors (67-year-old) than non-cancer (35.5-year-old), p =0.0003. Conclusions: Cancer survivors might be at high risk of COVID-19 infection due to their underlying vulnerable health condition related to cancer disease and they need extra care to minimize the risk of infection from coronavirus.
{"title":"COVID-19 in Cancer Patients: A Case Study in Viet Nam","authors":"T. K. Vo, N. Huynh, D. Nguyen, N. Ta, M. Nguyen, Tai Van Nguyen, H. Dang, N. Le","doi":"10.31557/apjec.2020.3.1.35-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/apjec.2020.3.1.35-40","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The aim was to describe the characteristics and outcomes of treatments for coronavirus infection in cancer survivors in Viet Nam from 23 January to 6 May 2020. Methods: We accessed data registration and publication of cases tested positive with COVID-19 by the Ministry of Health in Viet Nam. Characteristics of reported positive cases included age, sex, sources of infection, nationality, the onset of symptoms, and history of chronic diseases. The outcomes included incubation, suspected, clinical course, and clearance time by the subgroup of patients having a history of cancer and non-cancer. T-test was used to compare two means of these groups. Results: Three men patients were cancer survivors (1.1% of 271 cases),a Chinese business aged 66 having lung cancer (ICD-10: C34), a Sweden tourism aged 64 having blood cancer (ICD-10: C81-C96), and a Vietnamese aged 71 having liver cancer (ICD-10: C22). The remaining 268 patients were free-cancer. The clinical course of three cancer survivors was 17.3 days that were shorter 3.2 days when compared to non-cancer, p=0.2068. The estimated suspected time was longer in cancer survivors (5.3 days) than non-cancer (1.5 days), p =0.0394. The mean age was older in cancer survivors (67-year-old) than non-cancer (35.5-year-old), p =0.0003. Conclusions: Cancer survivors might be at high risk of COVID-19 infection due to their underlying vulnerable health condition related to cancer disease and they need extra care to minimize the risk of infection from coronavirus. ","PeriodicalId":270461,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Environment and Cancer","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133264941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-17DOI: 10.31557/apjec.2020.3.s1.5-8
Bannova Svetlana Leonidovna, Puzyrev Viktor Gennadievich
SARS-COV-2 is a highly contagious anthroponotic infection. The relevance of the study of the disease is due to the wide prevalence of the pandemic worldwide to the extent that it affects all age groups and populations, the lack of long-term and intense immunity, and high mortality, mainly among adults.Children are also susceptible to SARS-COV-2 infection, but this age group is more likely to be asymptomatic. This article summarizes the main trends in clinical manifestations and treatment of coronavirus infection in children available in current moment.
{"title":"Coronavirus Infection in Children","authors":"Bannova Svetlana Leonidovna, Puzyrev Viktor Gennadievich","doi":"10.31557/apjec.2020.3.s1.5-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/apjec.2020.3.s1.5-8","url":null,"abstract":"SARS-COV-2 is a highly contagious anthroponotic infection. The relevance of the study of the disease is due to the wide prevalence of the pandemic worldwide to the extent that it affects all age groups and populations, the lack of long-term and intense immunity, and high mortality, mainly among adults.Children are also susceptible to SARS-COV-2 infection, but this age group is more likely to be asymptomatic. This article summarizes the main trends in clinical manifestations and treatment of coronavirus infection in children available in current moment.","PeriodicalId":270461,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Environment and Cancer","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127714858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-09DOI: 10.31557/APJEC.2019.2.1.63-68
Tayyebeh Jaddi Madarsara, S. Yari, H. Saeidabadi
Background: Occupational accidents cause three to four times as many deaths in developing countries as industrialized countries. There are about 14,000 accidents in Iran every year, most of them involving workers in industries, To reduce these accidents, it is necessary to use risk assessment, which is a rational approach to hazard assessment and to identify hazards and potential consequences, on individuals, materials, equipment and the environment to reduce the risks of workplace accidents and consequently work-related accidents. Methods: This study was carried out in 1998 as an analytical-applied study in a manufacturing company. The Risk Assessment process, first with the formation of the relevant team, is selected from technical and production specialists who are more familiar with the concept of safety and risk assessment and again how to perform the Risk Assessment and Identify the risks involved, using the JSA Integrated Method for the analysis of business components and associated risks and FMEA method was trained and targeted to determine system failure states as well as assign risk priority number (RPN). Results: Risk assessment was carried out in 4 aspects, locations, equipment, main and sub-units and activities leading to the preparation of tables related to the risk assessment guide of locations, equipment, activities, RPN calculation, risk level classification and identification forms. Conclusions: In this study, 166 hazards were identified and, through follow-up and collaboration with senior management of the organization from 38 risks of fluids production hall, 22 corrective action (57.89%), from 46 risks of solids production hall, 37 corrective action (80.43%), from 33 risks of product warehouse, 28 corrective actions (84.84%), from 30 risks of raw materials warehouse, 21 corrective actions (70%), from 19 risk of incendiary materials, 10 corrective actions (52.63%) were performed. The overall results of the study showed that the major risk in the studied units was related to the dangers of inadequate cabling and placement of people in these work situations. key words: Safety and Health Risk Assessment, FMEA, JSA, AHA, JHA, THA, Executive Procedure, Guidelines.
{"title":"Health and Safety Risk Assessment Using a Combined FMEA and JSA Method in a Manufacturing Company","authors":"Tayyebeh Jaddi Madarsara, S. Yari, H. Saeidabadi","doi":"10.31557/APJEC.2019.2.1.63-68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/APJEC.2019.2.1.63-68","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Occupational accidents cause three to four times as many deaths in developing countries as industrialized countries. There are about 14,000 accidents in Iran every year, most of them involving workers in industries, To reduce these accidents, it is necessary to use risk assessment, which is a rational approach to hazard assessment and to identify hazards and potential consequences, on individuals, materials, equipment and the environment to reduce the risks of workplace accidents and consequently work-related accidents. \u0000Methods: This study was carried out in 1998 as an analytical-applied study in a manufacturing company. The Risk Assessment process, first with the formation of the relevant team, is selected from technical and production specialists who are more familiar with the concept of safety and risk assessment and again how to perform the Risk Assessment and Identify the risks involved, using the JSA Integrated Method for the analysis of business components and associated risks and FMEA method was trained and targeted to determine system failure states as well as assign risk priority number (RPN). \u0000Results: Risk assessment was carried out in 4 aspects, locations, equipment, main and sub-units and activities leading to the preparation of tables related to the risk assessment guide of locations, equipment, activities, RPN calculation, risk level classification and identification forms. \u0000Conclusions: In this study, 166 hazards were identified and, through follow-up and collaboration with senior management of the organization from 38 risks of fluids production hall, 22 corrective action (57.89%), from 46 risks of solids production hall, 37 corrective action (80.43%), from 33 risks of product warehouse, 28 corrective actions (84.84%), from 30 risks of raw materials warehouse, 21 corrective actions (70%), from 19 risk of incendiary materials, 10 corrective actions (52.63%) were performed. The overall results of the study showed that the major risk in the studied units was related to the dangers of inadequate cabling and placement of people in these work situations. \u0000key words: Safety and Health Risk Assessment, FMEA, JSA, AHA, JHA, THA, Executive Procedure, Guidelines.","PeriodicalId":270461,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Environment and Cancer","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115583898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-06DOI: 10.31557/APJEC.2019.2.1.59-61
H. Saeidabadi, S. Yari, Tayyebeh Jaddi Madarsara, Navid Ahmadian Kudakan
Background: Based on the opinions of the World Health Organization (WHO), the elderly period begins at the age of 60 in third world countries. During this period the amount of social activities are reduced and as a result of which, the person is far more exposed to solitude and physical problems (i.e. high blood pressure, diabetes, etc.) and mental illnesses (i.e. depression etc.). Therefore, considering the continuous growth in the population of the elderly in Iran, management of stress is crucial in order to lengthen their quality life-time, and reduce direct and indirect compensations to the government and also to families. Methods: This survey was conducted in a descriptive- analytical method in Qazvin in 2019, and the questionnaires were filled by eligible participants after reforming the questionnaire twice based on 0.71 (Cronbach’s alpha) confirmation. In order to prove the validity and reliability of the data, mentioning any personal information were strictly avoided, and later 30 participants were taken part in the research. Results: Considering the fact that in order to manage the stress, the participants’ mental conditions need to be mainly addressed, which are indeed source of numerous diseases, conducting daily activities, trusting families and societies is very effective in their self-acceptance. Addressing personal requirements including: 1. Individual quality life-time. 2. Medical facilities and services, 3. Public transportation services, and self-care, are potentially the most important issues to the elderly. Conclusion: Based on the conducted survey, many activities have been done to help the elderly manage their stress. However, considering the increasing population of the elderly, there are many more activities yet to be done operationally and tangibly. Although holding training sessions might be promising and motivating, but as a result of countless social difficulties, caused by lack of facilities, and lack of positive or supportive view by the community, the role of such phenomenon will most probably be passive and fleeting. Doing physical exercise can be an effective and cheerful element, and also preventive to the occurrence of many physical and mental illnesses. It should also be noted that many of the current problems are actually caused by urban factors (e.g. sidewalks, sport centers, etc.) which need to be immediately addressed by the government. Keywords: Stress management, Life satisfaction, Elderly
{"title":"Presenting approaches to stress management in the elderly in Qazvin","authors":"H. Saeidabadi, S. Yari, Tayyebeh Jaddi Madarsara, Navid Ahmadian Kudakan","doi":"10.31557/APJEC.2019.2.1.59-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/APJEC.2019.2.1.59-61","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Based on the opinions of the World Health Organization (WHO), the elderly period begins at the age of 60 in third world countries. During this period the amount of social activities are reduced and as a result of which, the person is far more exposed to solitude and physical problems (i.e. high blood pressure, diabetes, etc.) and mental illnesses (i.e. depression etc.). Therefore, considering the continuous growth in the population of the elderly in Iran, management of stress is crucial in order to lengthen their quality life-time, and reduce direct and indirect compensations to the government and also to families. \u0000Methods: This survey was conducted in a descriptive- analytical method in Qazvin in 2019, and the questionnaires were filled by eligible participants after reforming the questionnaire twice based on 0.71 (Cronbach’s alpha) confirmation. In order to prove the validity and reliability of the data, mentioning any personal information were strictly avoided, and later 30 participants were taken part in the research. \u0000Results: Considering the fact that in order to manage the stress, the participants’ mental conditions need to be mainly addressed, which are indeed source of numerous diseases, conducting daily activities, trusting families and societies is very effective in their self-acceptance. Addressing personal requirements including: 1. Individual quality life-time. 2. Medical facilities and services, 3. Public transportation services, and self-care, are potentially the most important issues to the elderly. \u0000Conclusion: Based on the conducted survey, many activities have been done to help the elderly manage their stress. However, considering the increasing population of the elderly, there are many more activities yet to be done operationally and tangibly. Although holding training sessions might be promising and motivating, but as a result of countless social difficulties, caused by lack of facilities, and lack of positive or supportive view by the community, the role of such phenomenon will most probably be passive and fleeting. Doing physical exercise can be an effective and cheerful element, and also preventive to the occurrence of many physical and mental illnesses. It should also be noted that many of the current problems are actually caused by urban factors (e.g. sidewalks, sport centers, etc.) which need to be immediately addressed by the government. \u0000Keywords: Stress management, Life satisfaction, Elderly","PeriodicalId":270461,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Environment and Cancer","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129321636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-09DOI: 10.31557/APJEC.2019.2.1.55-58
Tayyebeh Jaddi Madarsara, Navid Ahmadian Kudakan, S. Yari, H. Saeidabadi
Introduction: Using Hypochlorite Sodium in producing bleaches in order to disinfect and shine surfaces has been an ordinary method since 200 years ago. 10-15% solutions with PH=13 have been used for industrial purposes and 5% solutions with PH=11 have been used for domestic use. AIHA (American Industrial Hygienists Association) has announced the maximum standard exposure to this substance equal to 2mg/m3 in a period of 15 minutes. It should be noted that, based on material safety data sheet and NFPA rating explanation guide, the mentioned substance is mildly unstable (code 1), carries oxidation hazard (ox), and serious respiratory hazard (code 3). Methods: This survey has been conducted with statistical society of 39, average age of 29.82±3.66 and work experience of 2.46±6.02 who were exposed to Hypochlorite Sodium in 2019. The reference of analyzing the data include medical check-up inventory, spirometry FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC relativity, using SPSS ver16, and T-test. Results: The statistical society (39 participants) had a normal distribution, with a very pleasant correlation amounts in (FEV1/FVC, FVC, FEV1) considering sig=0.13, andless possibility than (P≤0.05). therefore, the amounts before and after FEV1, and FEV1/FVC, had a meaningful difference statistically, however, taking the amount of sig=0.68 into account which was P≤0.05, no meaningful difference was observed for FVC amounts before and after respiratory exposure to Hypochlorite Sodium. Conclusion: Considering the reduction in amount of FEV1, and FEV1/FVC among the workers of the manufacturing site who were exposed to Hypochlorite Sodium, they are likely to have pulmonary obstruction, and therefore they are required to be changed in position and location of their jobs, and also appropriate ventilation system must be installed in the location of Hypochlorite Sodium evaporations. Keeping in mind the instability and corrosiveness of Hypochlorite Sodium, all employees had better use respiratory masks (preferably FFP3 in case of dusty materials), proper face shields, anti-acid gloves, anti-acid overalls, and chemical resistant boots. Keywords: Respiratory exposure assessment, Occupational Asthma, Hypochlorite Sodium, Bleach, FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, CANCER.
{"title":"Assessing respiratory exposure to harmful evaporations in a manufacturing company","authors":"Tayyebeh Jaddi Madarsara, Navid Ahmadian Kudakan, S. Yari, H. Saeidabadi","doi":"10.31557/APJEC.2019.2.1.55-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/APJEC.2019.2.1.55-58","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Using Hypochlorite Sodium in producing bleaches in order to disinfect and shine surfaces has been an ordinary method since 200 years ago. 10-15% solutions with PH=13 have been used for industrial purposes and 5% solutions with PH=11 have been used for domestic use. AIHA (American Industrial Hygienists Association) has announced the maximum standard exposure to this substance equal to 2mg/m3 in a period of 15 minutes. It should be noted that, based on material safety data sheet and NFPA rating explanation guide, the mentioned substance is mildly unstable (code 1), carries oxidation hazard (ox), and serious respiratory hazard (code 3). \u0000 \u0000Methods: This survey has been conducted with statistical society of 39, average age of 29.82±3.66 and work experience of 2.46±6.02 who were exposed to Hypochlorite Sodium in 2019. The reference of analyzing the data include medical check-up inventory, spirometry FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC relativity, using SPSS ver16, and T-test. \u0000 \u0000Results: The statistical society (39 participants) had a normal distribution, with a very pleasant correlation amounts in (FEV1/FVC, FVC, FEV1) considering sig=0.13, andless possibility than (P≤0.05). therefore, the amounts before and after FEV1, and FEV1/FVC, had a meaningful difference statistically, however, taking the amount of sig=0.68 into account which was P≤0.05, no meaningful difference was observed for FVC amounts before and after respiratory exposure to Hypochlorite Sodium. \u0000 \u0000Conclusion: Considering the reduction in amount of FEV1, and FEV1/FVC among the workers of the manufacturing site who were exposed to Hypochlorite Sodium, they are likely to have pulmonary obstruction, and therefore they are required to be changed in position and location of their jobs, and also appropriate ventilation system must be installed in the location of Hypochlorite Sodium evaporations. Keeping in mind the instability and corrosiveness of Hypochlorite Sodium, all employees had better use respiratory masks (preferably FFP3 in case of dusty materials), proper face shields, anti-acid gloves, anti-acid overalls, and chemical resistant boots. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: Respiratory exposure assessment, Occupational Asthma, Hypochlorite Sodium, Bleach, FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, CANCER.","PeriodicalId":270461,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Environment and Cancer","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134541093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-08DOI: 10.31557/apjec.2019.2.1.49-53
A. Nikpay, R. Moradi, S. Sheikhi, S. Jarrahi, Tayyebeh Jaddi Madarsara, H. Saeidabadi
Introduction: Hearing loss is one of the most common causes of disability of more than 1.33 billion people worldwide and, according to WHO research, failure to timely detect hearing loss has detrimental effects on the individual, the family and the world economy ($ 750 billion), Therefore, exposure to excessive noise and exposure to organic solvents can cause hearing loss in individuals. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on a manufacturing company with a statistical population of 17 people (8 employees of printing and electroplating unit with a mean age of 40±4.78 and 9 employees of Coldwell unit with a mean age of 4.33±41). Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 and paired T-test. Results: According to the pollutant results in the Coldwell unit, the noise level was exceeded, but the toluene levels were measured at the permissible level, which, according to the software output, showed a faster rate of hearing loss (Right ear sig = 0.007 and left ear sig = 0.002) and also, in the printing and plating unit, the sound level was above the permissible limit, but the toluene level was exceeded, which according to the software output of these units had a lower rate of hearing loss. Conclusion: The results of this study show that simultaneous exposure to noise and organic solvents such as toluene in the workplace accelerates the Occupational Hearing Loss Process, as well as employees who are not exposed to noise, are reasonably hearing impaired due to exposure to toluene. keywords: Noise, Audiometry, Occupational Hearing Loss, Measurement of Workplace Hazardous Factors, Organic Solvent Vapor, Toluene Vapor.
{"title":"Evaluation of Toluene Vapors on the Hearing System of a Production Company Employee: A carcinogenic agent","authors":"A. Nikpay, R. Moradi, S. Sheikhi, S. Jarrahi, Tayyebeh Jaddi Madarsara, H. Saeidabadi","doi":"10.31557/apjec.2019.2.1.49-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/apjec.2019.2.1.49-53","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Hearing loss is one of the most common causes of disability of more than 1.33 billion people worldwide and, according to WHO research, failure to timely detect hearing loss has detrimental effects on the individual, the family and the world economy ($ 750 billion), Therefore, exposure to excessive noise and exposure to organic solvents can cause hearing loss in individuals. \u0000Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on a manufacturing company with a statistical population of 17 people (8 employees of printing and electroplating unit with a mean age of 40±4.78 and 9 employees of Coldwell unit with a mean age of 4.33±41). Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 and paired T-test. \u0000Results: According to the pollutant results in the Coldwell unit, the noise level was exceeded, but the toluene levels were measured at the permissible level, which, according to the software output, showed a faster rate of hearing loss (Right ear sig = 0.007 and left ear sig = 0.002) \u0000and also, in the printing and plating unit, the sound level was above the permissible limit, but the toluene level was exceeded, which according to the software output of these units had a lower rate of hearing loss. \u0000Conclusion: The results of this study show that simultaneous exposure to noise and organic solvents such as toluene in the workplace accelerates the Occupational Hearing Loss Process, as well as employees who are not exposed to noise, are reasonably hearing impaired due to exposure to toluene. \u0000 \u0000keywords: Noise, Audiometry, Occupational Hearing Loss, Measurement of Workplace Hazardous Factors, Organic Solvent Vapor, Toluene Vapor.","PeriodicalId":270461,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Environment and Cancer","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134291908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-06DOI: 10.31557/APJEC.2019.2.1.43-47
Tayyebeh Jaddi Madarsara, S. Yari, H. Saeidabadi
Introduction: Protecting the workforce (the main factor in production entities) in the workplace is a top priority for any country. Therefore, the Ministry of Cooperation, Labor and Social Welfare, in order to achieve this and implement Article 85 of the Labor Code, has prepared and approved the bylaws on the use of safety officials in the workshops as liaison between industries and departments of Cooperation, Labor and Social Welfare, This confirms the special role of the safety authorities and, consequently, the job stresses of these industry workers. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2017 with a population of 33 people (14 women and 19 men) from safety authorities working in Alborz industries with a working experience of 5.93±3.99. A 35-item questionnaire from the British Health and Safety Executive was used to investigate the factors affecting stress, it has a strong correlation between the 7 elements of the questionnaire (Role 0.92, relationship 0.73, authority support 0.75, coworker support 0.63, control 0.87, demand 0.85 and changes 0.22) and its Cronbach's alpha is 0.78. Results: By examining the frequency of questionnaire data in 7 identified areas, eight demand items (including expectations of different working groups, high workloads, lack of time to rest), two items of work relationship (tolerance of ugly words and misconduct, tension between colleagues), one manager support (working time constant) And one case of changes (stresses in work relationships) were stressful factors in the workplace. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that due to high workload and stress and workplace stressors, safety authorities have a great deal of work stress. and it is necessary to conduct training courses, familiarity with the requirements and rules of the workplace, control of false emotions, anger and stress management as well as identifying, evaluating and controlling the harmful factors and risks in the workplace to improve the workplace and reduce stress. it should be noted that with regard to the prevalence of breast cancer among women and 42.5% of the target group of women, the likelihood of work-related breast cancer is not out of the question.
{"title":"Assessment and evaluation of occupational stress among safety authorities: By possibility of cancer","authors":"Tayyebeh Jaddi Madarsara, S. Yari, H. Saeidabadi","doi":"10.31557/APJEC.2019.2.1.43-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/APJEC.2019.2.1.43-47","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Protecting the workforce (the main factor in production entities) in the workplace is a top priority for any country. Therefore, the Ministry of Cooperation, Labor and Social Welfare, in order to achieve this and implement Article 85 of the Labor Code, has prepared and approved the bylaws on the use of safety officials in the workshops as liaison between industries and departments of Cooperation, Labor and Social Welfare, This confirms the special role of the safety authorities and, consequently, the job stresses of these industry workers. \u0000Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2017 with a population of 33 people (14 women and 19 men) from safety authorities working in Alborz industries with a working experience of 5.93±3.99. A 35-item questionnaire from the British Health and Safety Executive was used to investigate the factors affecting stress, it has a strong correlation between the 7 elements of the questionnaire (Role 0.92, relationship 0.73, authority support 0.75, coworker support 0.63, control 0.87, demand 0.85 and changes 0.22) and its Cronbach's alpha is 0.78. \u0000Results: By examining the frequency of questionnaire data in 7 identified areas, eight demand items (including expectations of different working groups, high workloads, lack of time to rest), two items of work relationship (tolerance of ugly words and misconduct, tension between colleagues), one manager support (working time constant) And one case of changes (stresses in work relationships) were stressful factors in the workplace. \u0000Conclusion: The results of this study showed that due to high workload and stress and workplace stressors, safety authorities have a great deal of work stress. and it is necessary to conduct training courses, familiarity with the requirements and rules of the workplace, control of false emotions, anger and stress management as well as identifying, evaluating and controlling the harmful factors and risks in the workplace to improve the workplace and reduce stress. it should be noted that with regard to the prevalence of breast cancer among women and 42.5% of the target group of women, the likelihood of work-related breast cancer is not out of the question.","PeriodicalId":270461,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Environment and Cancer","volume":"218 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125741227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-05DOI: 10.31557/APJEC.2019.2.1.35-41
S. Yari, Ayda Fallah Asadi, A. Jarrahi, M. Nourmohammadi
Human is exposed to a variety of electromagnetic fields from natural and artificial sources. These fields cause the electric field in the body to affect the movement of ions, heat, neuromuscular stimulation, and various effects. The biological effects of these waves depend strongly on the waveform, frequency and angle between the applied fields and the Earth's magnetic field, as well as their continuity or pulsation. Electromagnetic fields caused by conventional devices are at a standard level and appear to be harmless to humans. But the results of research on specific people, such as military personnel or those who live and work near radar stations, high-pressure posts and high-powered telecommunications and radio transmitters, show that they have harmful effects and live nearby they are not risk free.
{"title":"Biological effects of electromagnetic waves with emphasis on radio and microwave: An environmental carcinogen","authors":"S. Yari, Ayda Fallah Asadi, A. Jarrahi, M. Nourmohammadi","doi":"10.31557/APJEC.2019.2.1.35-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/APJEC.2019.2.1.35-41","url":null,"abstract":"Human is exposed to a variety of electromagnetic fields from natural and artificial sources. These fields cause the electric field in the body to affect the movement of ions, heat, neuromuscular stimulation, and various effects. The biological effects of these waves depend strongly on the waveform, frequency and angle between the applied fields and the Earth's magnetic field, as well as their continuity or pulsation. Electromagnetic fields caused by conventional devices are at a standard level and appear to be harmless to humans. But the results of research on specific people, such as military personnel or those who live and work near radar stations, high-pressure posts and high-powered telecommunications and radio transmitters, show that they have harmful effects and live nearby they are not risk free.","PeriodicalId":270461,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Environment and Cancer","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134472514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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