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Business Impact of Relay Deployment for Coverage Extension in 3GPP LTE-Advanced 中继部署对3GPP LTE-Advanced覆盖扩展的业务影响
Pub Date : 2009-06-14 DOI: 10.1109/ICCW.2009.5208000
Ekkehard Lang, S. Redana, Bernhard Raaf Nokia
Relays are expected to be a cost efficient way to fulfill requirements on high data rate coverage in next generation cellular networks, like LTE-Advanced. This paper presents a cost model and the respective analysis used for investigating the impact of relaying on cost savings for operators. The approach consists of defining the service level that next generation cellular networks should provide and deriving deployments of eNBs and RNs (or equivalently iso- performance scenarios) that fulfill these requirements. Iso- performance scenarios are therefore obtained by means of simulations and compared in the cost model.
预计中继将是满足下一代蜂窝网络(如LTE-Advanced)对高数据速率覆盖要求的一种经济高效的方式。本文提出了一个成本模型和相应的分析,用于调查中继对运营商成本节约的影响。该方法包括定义下一代蜂窝网络应提供的服务级别,并推导满足这些需求的enb和rn(或等效的iso- performance场景)的部署。因此,通过模拟和成本模型的比较,获得了性能相同的场景。
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引用次数: 111
On the Achievable Rate of ZF-DPC for MIMO Broadcast Channels with Finite Rate Feedback 有限速率反馈MIMO广播信道ZF-DPC可实现速率研究
Pub Date : 2009-06-14 DOI: 10.1109/ICCW.2009.5208023
Wei Miao, Xiao-Diao Chen, Yunzhou Li, Shuyun Zhou, Jun Wang
In this paper we study a MIMO fading broadcast channel where each receiver has perfect channel state information (CSI) while the transmitter only acquires quantized CSI by finite rate feedback. We analyze the zero-forcing dirty-paper coding (ZF-DPC) scheme, which is a nonlinear precoding scheme inherently superior to linear ZF beamforming. Lower bound in closed-form expression and upper bound on the achievable ergodic rate of ZF-DPC with Gaussian inputs and uniform power allocation are derived. Based on the closed-form lower bound, sufficient conditions on the feedback channels to ensure non-zero and full downlink multiplexing gain are obtained. Specifically, in order to achieve the downlink multiplexing gain of αM (0 <α ≤ 1), it is sufficient to scale the number of feedback bits B per user as B = α(M −1)log2 P N0 where M is the number of transmit antennas and P N0 is the average downlink SNR. the results there show that the system becomes interference- limited with fixed amount of feedback while the number of feedback bits per user must increase linearly with the logarithm of the downlink SNR to maintain the full downlink multiplexing gain. In this paper, we study the achievable rate of zero-forcing dirty-paper coding (ZF-DPC) (1), a nonlinear precoding scheme inherently superior to ZF-BF due to its interference precancelation characteristic, for a MIMO broadcast channel with finite rate feedback. We adopt the vector quantization distortion measure of the angle between the codevector and the downlink channel vector, and perform random vector quantization (RVQ) (3)-(5) for analytical convenience. Our main contributions and key findings are as follows:
本文研究了一种MIMO衰落广播信道,其中每个接收端都有完美的信道状态信息(CSI),而发送端仅通过有限速率反馈获得量化的CSI。本文分析了零强迫脏纸编码(ZF- dpc)方案,该方案是一种非线性预编码方案,其本质上优于线性ZF波束形成。导出了高斯输入和均匀功率分配下ZF-DPC可实现遍历率的下界和上界。基于闭环下界,得到了反馈信道保证非零和全下行复用增益的充分条件。具体来说,为了实现αM (0 <α≤1)的下行复用增益,每个用户的反馈比特数B按B = α(M−1)log2 pn0缩放即可,其中M为发射天线数,pn0为下行平均信噪比。结果表明,在固定反馈量的情况下,系统变得干扰受限,而每个用户的反馈比特数必须随下行信噪比的对数线性增加,才能保持完整的下行复用增益。本文研究了具有有限速率反馈的MIMO广播信道的零强迫脏纸编码(ZF-DPC)(1)的可实现率,这是一种非线性预编码方案,由于其干扰预抵消特性而具有固有的优势。我们采用协矢量与下行信道矢量夹角的矢量量化失真度量,并为了分析方便,进行随机矢量量化(RVQ)(3)-(5)。我们的主要贡献和主要发现如下:
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引用次数: 3
Energy Profile Aware Routing 能源分布感知路由
Pub Date : 2009-06-14 DOI: 10.1109/ICCW.2009.5208041
J. Restrepo, C. Gruber, C. Mas Machuca
Energy efficient communication devices are essential to minimize the operational cost of future networks and to reduce the negative effects of global warming. In this paper we propose a novel energy reduction approach on network level that takes load-dependent energy consumption information of communication equipment into account. Case study calculation results show that energy savings of more than 35% and with it operational cost can be saved by applying energy profile aware routing.
高效节能的通信设备对于降低未来网络的运营成本和减少全球变暖的负面影响至关重要。本文提出了一种考虑通信设备负荷相关能耗信息的网络级节能方法。实例研究计算结果表明,采用能量分布感知路由可以节约35%以上的能源,并节省运行成本。
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引用次数: 209
On the User Performance of LTE UE Power Savings Schemes with Discontinuous Reception in LTE LTE接收不连续的LTE终端节能方案的用户性能研究
Pub Date : 2009-06-14 DOI: 10.1109/ICCW.2009.5208042
J. Wigard, T. Kolding, Lars Dalsgaard, Claudio Coletti
The UTRAN long-term evolution (LTE) specifications provide flexible means to achieve micro-sleep operation for user equipment (UE) even though it is in active mode and running a service. By means of a discontinuous reception (DRX) framework, pauses in the transmission due to natural traffic characteristics or network prioritization can be utilized. The specifications give a number of options to optimize the performance. In this paper two of those possibilities are compared. Long DRX with the use of an inactivity timer is compared to the usage of short DRX on top of long DRX. The performance is evaluated in terms of user throughput, power consumption, and network performance, while using a realistic RF modem power consumption model for the UE. For bursty traffic, short DRX shows a gain of up to 100% over DRX with just an inactivity timer, when measuring throughput per power unit consumed in case of one or multiple users being present in the cell.
UTRAN长期演进(LTE)规范提供了灵活的方法来实现用户设备(UE)的微睡眠操作,即使它处于活动模式并运行业务。通过不连续接收(DRX)框架,可以利用由于自然流量特征或网络优先级而导致的传输暂停。规范提供了许多优化性能的选项。本文对其中两种可能性进行了比较。将使用非活动计时器的长DRX与在长DRX之上使用短DRX进行比较。性能根据用户吞吐量、功耗和网络性能进行评估,同时使用实际的射频调制解调器功耗模型用于终端。对于突发流量,当测量单元中存在一个或多个用户的情况下消耗的每个功率单元的吞吐量时,短DRX显示的增益比仅使用非活动计时器的DRX最高可达100%。
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引用次数: 70
A Multi-User Multi-Rate OFDMA Transmission System Based on Orthogonal Subcarrier Grouping 基于正交子载波分组的多用户多速率OFDMA传输系统
Pub Date : 2009-06-14 DOI: 10.1109/ICCW.2009.5208103
L. D'Orazio, M. Panizza, C. Sacchi
in this work, we shall propose an OFDMA system based on the allocation of orthogonal subcarrier groups to multi- rate user classes. This system can be regarded as an evolution of GO-OFDMA used for single-rate data transmission. A user data stream is split into a multiple substreams, whose number depends on the user data rate. Then, each substream is spread by a distinct spreading code and, finally, transmitted in OFDM modality over the selected subcarrier set. The main advantage obtained with respect to classical OFDMA lies in the possibility of exploiting diversity in code domain and frequency domain (like it happens in MC-CDMA). Experimental results in terms of BER evidenced an interesting trend of the proposed GO-OFDMA system towards a noticeable BER improvement achieved for highest-data rate users with respect to VSL MC-CDMA. Therefore, the proposed GO-OFDMA system seems to provide a less conservative management of radio resources that is more in favor to "broadband" users, while penalizing "narrowband" users, whose BER is slightly degraded with respect to that one achieved by VSL MC-CDMA.
在这项工作中,我们将提出一种基于正交子载波组分配给多速率用户类的OFDMA系统。该系统可以看作是GO-OFDMA用于单速率数据传输的一种演进。用户数据流被分成多个子流,子流的数量取决于用户的数据速率。然后,每个子流通过不同的扩展码进行传播,最后在选定的子载波集上以OFDM方式传输。与经典OFDMA相比,其主要优势在于可以利用码域和频域的分集(就像MC-CDMA那样)。在误码率方面的实验结果证明了一个有趣的趋势,即所提出的GO-OFDMA系统相对于VSL MC-CDMA而言,在最高数据速率用户中实现了显著的误码率改进。因此,拟议的GO-OFDMA系统似乎提供了一种不那么保守的无线电资源管理,更有利于“宽带”用户,同时惩罚“窄带”用户,其BER相对于VSL MC-CDMA实现的BER略有下降。
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引用次数: 9
Determining Host Location on the Internet: The Case of VoIP Emergency Calls 确定Internet上的主机位置:以VoIP紧急呼叫为例
Pub Date : 2009-06-14 DOI: 10.1109/ICCW.2009.5208008
S. Ashtarifar, A. Matrawy
Determining a host's location on the Internet is an important issue in many applications such as the ability for handling emergency services. In this paper we discuss techniques in this area in the context of locating callers to Internet Telephony systems. We mainly discuss two broad groups of these techniques that might fit into VoIP solutions, namely database techniques and measurement based techniques. We also discuss how IPv6 addresses location information. The paper concludes with a discussion on major issues in this important area.
确定主机在Internet上的位置在许多应用程序中都是一个重要问题,例如处理紧急服务的能力。在本文中,我们讨论了在互联网电话系统定位呼叫者的背景下这一领域的技术。我们主要讨论可能适合VoIP解决方案的两大类技术,即数据库技术和基于测量的技术。我们还讨论了IPv6如何处理位置信息。本文最后对这一重要领域的主要问题进行了讨论。
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引用次数: 2
Study of Beaconing for Car-to-Car Communication in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks 车载自组织网络中车对车通信的信标研究
Pub Date : 2009-06-14 DOI: 10.1109/ICCW.2009.5208066
A. Vinel, D. Staehle, A. Turlikov
IEEE 802.11p is currently being developed international standard, which specifies physical (PHY) and medium access control (MAC) protocols for car-to-car and car-to-infrastructure communication and should become a basis for safety-related and infotainment applications in future vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs). In VANETs beaconing is one of the most important communication modes, which is used to advertise the presence of a car to its neighbor cars. For different applications timely and successful delivery of beacons containing speed, direction and position of a car is extremely important. In this paper, we present analytical methods for car-to-car communication analysis and investigate the influence of beacon generation rate on the mean beacon transmission delay and probability of a successful beacon reception in the IEEE 802.11p-based network in both saturated and unsaturated cases.
IEEE 802.11p目前正在制定国际标准,它规定了车对车和车对基础设施通信的物理(PHY)和介质访问控制(MAC)协议,并应成为未来车载自组织网络(vanet)中安全相关和信息娱乐应用的基础。在VANETs中,信标是最重要的通信方式之一,它用于向相邻车辆通告车辆的存在。对于不同的应用,及时和成功地传递包含汽车速度、方向和位置的信标是极其重要的。在本文中,我们提出了车对车通信分析的分析方法,并研究了在饱和和不饱和情况下,基于IEEE 802.11p的网络中,信标产生速率对平均信标传输延迟和成功接收信标概率的影响。
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引用次数: 50
Network Coding for Mobile Devices - Systematic Binary Random Rateless Codes 移动设备的网络编码。系统二进制随机无速率码
Pub Date : 2009-06-14 DOI: 10.1109/ICCW.2009.5208076
J. Heide, M. Pedersen, F. Fitzek, T. Larsen
In this work we consider the implementation of Random Linear Network Coding (RLNC) on battery constrained mobile devices with low computational capabilities such as; sensors, mobile phones and Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs). It is non-trivial to create an efficient implementation of RLNC which is needed to ensure high throughput, low computational requirements and energy consumption. As a consequence there does not, to the best of our knowledge, exist any such implemen- tation for mobile device that allow for throughput close to what can be achieved in e.g. Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). In this paper we propose to base RLNC on the binary Galois field and to use a systematic code. We have implemented this approach in C++ and Symbian C++ and achieve synthetic encoding/decoding throughput of up to 40/30 MB/s on a Nokia N95-8GB mobile phone and 1.5/1.0 GB/s on a high end laptop. Index Terms—Mobile devices, Network coding, Reliable Mul- ticast. I. INTRODUCTION A large body of existing literature (1) treats the theoretical benefits of Network Coding (NC). However, the costs of implementing NC in terms computational overhead, memory consumption or network usage is often not considered. In this work we consider the implementation of RLNC on mobile bat- tery constrained devices with low computational capabilities, such as sensors, mobile phones or PDAs. The computations performed using RLNC is based on finite fields arithmetic also known as Galois fields. From a coding perspective the field size, q, used should be large to ensure that coded packets are linearly independent, additionally increasing the size of the field elements is advantageous as this reduces the number of
在这项工作中,我们考虑在低计算能力的电池受限移动设备上实现随机线性网络编码(RLNC),例如;传感器、移动电话和个人数字助理(pda)。创建一个高效的RLNC实现是非常重要的,它需要确保高吞吐量,低计算需求和能耗。因此,据我们所知,不存在任何这样的移动设备实现,允许吞吐量接近可以在例如无线局域网(WLAN)中实现。本文提出了基于二进制伽罗瓦域的RLNC,并采用系统编码。我们已经在c++和Symbian c++中实现了这种方法,并在诺基亚N95-8GB手机上实现了高达40/ 30mb /s的合成编码/解码吞吐量,在高端笔记本电脑上实现了1.5/1.0 GB/s的合成编码/解码吞吐量。索引术语-移动设备,网络编码,可靠多播。大量现有文献(1)讨论了网络编码(NC)的理论优势。然而,实现NC在计算开销、内存消耗或网络使用方面的成本通常没有被考虑。在这项工作中,我们考虑在低计算能力的移动电池受限设备(如传感器、移动电话或pda)上实现RLNC。使用RLNC进行的计算是基于有限域算法,也称为伽罗瓦域。从编码的角度来看,使用的字段大小q应该很大,以确保编码的数据包是线性独立的,另外增加字段元素的大小是有利的,因为这减少了
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引用次数: 164
A Novel Wireless Wake-Up Mechanism for Energy-Efficient Ubiquitous Networks 一种新的节能泛在网络无线唤醒机制
Pub Date : 2009-06-14 DOI: 10.1109/ICCW.2009.5208044
T. Takiguchi, S. Saruwatari, T. Morito, S. Ishida, M. Minami, H. Morikawa
Excessive power consumption is a major problem in wireless communication. This is particularly true in ubiquitous computing environments, since wireless devices consume a considerable amount of energy in idle listening. Wake-up wireless communication technology is a promising candidate for reducing power consumption during idle listening. To realize wake-up wireless communication, this paper proposes a novel ID matching mechanism that uses a Bloom filter. This paper describes the design and implementation of a wireless wake-up module that uses this ID matching mechanism. Simulation results reveal that the wake-up module consumes only 12.4 muW while idle listening, and that employing this Bloom-filter-based approach eliminates 99.95 % of power consumption in our application scenarios.
功率消耗过大是无线通信中的一个主要问题。在无处不在的计算环境中尤其如此,因为无线设备在空闲侦听中消耗了相当多的能量。唤醒无线通信技术是一个很有前途的候选人,以减少功耗在空闲收听。为了实现唤醒无线通信,本文提出了一种基于布隆滤波器的ID匹配机制。本文设计并实现了一个利用这种ID匹配机制的无线唤醒模块。仿真结果表明,唤醒模块在空闲监听时的功耗仅为12.4 muW,在我们的应用场景中,采用这种基于bloom滤波器的方法可以消除99.95%的功耗。
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引用次数: 25
Position-Based Data Traffic Prioritization in Safety-Critical, Real-Time Vehicle-to-Infrastructure Communication 基于位置的安全关键数据流量优先级,实时车辆与基础设施通信
Pub Date : 2009-06-14 DOI: 10.1109/ICCW.2009.5208065
Annette Böhm, M. Jonsson
Future active-safety applications in vehicular networks rely heavily on the support for real-time inter-vehicle communication. The Medium Access Control (MAC) mechanism proposed for the upcoming IE ...
未来车辆网络中的主动安全应用在很大程度上依赖于对实时车辆间通信的支持。为即将到来的IE浏览器提出的介质访问控制(MAC)机制…
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引用次数: 42
期刊
2009 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops
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