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2009 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops最新文献

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Computerized Renal Cell Carcinoma Nuclear Grading Using 3D Textural Features 使用三维纹理特征的计算机化肾细胞癌核分级
Pub Date : 2009-06-14 DOI: 10.1109/ICCW.2009.5208083
T. Kim, H. Choi
An extraction of important features in cancer cell image analysis is a key process in grading renal cell carcinoma. In this study, we applied three-dimensional (3D) texture feature extraction methods to cancer cell nuclei images and evaluated the validity of them for computerized cell nuclei grading. Individual images of 1,800 cell nuclei were extracted from 8 classes of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) tissues using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). First, we extracted the chromatin texture quantitatively by calculating 3D gray-level co-occurrence matrices (3D GLCM) and 3D run length matrices (3D GLRLM). To demonstrate the suitability of 3D texture features for grading, we had performed a principal component analysis to reduce feature dimensionality, then, we also performed discriminant analysis as statistical classifier. Finally this result was compared with the result of classification using several optimized features that extracted from stepwise features selection. Additionally AUC (area under curve) analysis was performed for the grade 2 and 3 cell images. Three dimensional texture features have potential for use as fundamental elements in developing a new nuclear grading system with accurate diagnosis and predicting prognosis.
肿瘤细胞图像分析中重要特征的提取是肾细胞癌分级的关键过程。在本研究中,我们将三维(3D)纹理特征提取方法应用于癌细胞细胞核图像,并评估其用于计算机细胞核分级的有效性。采用共聚焦激光扫描显微镜(CLSM)对8类肾细胞癌(RCCs)组织的1800个细胞核进行了单独的图像提取。首先,我们通过计算三维灰度共生矩阵(3D GLCM)和三维运行长度矩阵(3D GLRLM)来定量提取染色质纹理。为了证明三维纹理特征对分级的适用性,我们首先进行了主成分分析来降低特征维数,然后进行了判别分析作为统计分类器。最后,将该结果与逐步特征选择中提取的多个优化特征的分类结果进行比较。此外,对2级和3级细胞图像进行AUC(曲线下面积)分析。三维结构特征有可能作为开发新的核分级系统的基础要素,用于准确诊断和预测预后。
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引用次数: 6
Overall Delay Analysis of IEEE 802.16 Network IEEE 802.16网络整体时延分析
Pub Date : 2009-06-14 DOI: 10.1109/ICCW.2009.5208110
S. Andreev, Zsolt Saffer, Alexey Anisimov
In this paper we conduct a delay analysis of IEEE 802.16 wireless metropolitan area network. In particular, we address the overall message delay, which consists of the reservation and scheduling components. Unicast polling is used for bandwidth reservation and round-robin scheduling is applied at the base station. A discrete-time analytical model is developed with general independent and identically distributed arrivals during a time slot. The model enables asymmetric traffic flows and different message sizes at the subscriber stations. The exact mean overall delay is obtained for the nrtPS service flow in the scenario when the base station splits the subscriber stations into individually polled groups. The analytical model is verified by means of simulation.
本文对ieee802.16无线城域网进行了时延分析。特别地,我们解决了整个消息延迟,它由保留和调度组件组成。单播轮询用于带宽预留,在基站上采用轮询调度。建立了一种离散时间分析模型,该模型具有一定时隙内一般独立的同分布的到达点。该模型支持用户站的非对称流量和不同的消息大小。在基站将用户站划分为单独轮询组的场景中,获得了nrtPS业务流的确切平均总延迟。通过仿真验证了分析模型的正确性。
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引用次数: 13
Power Efficient Approach and Performance Control for Routers 路由器的功率效率方法与性能控制
Pub Date : 2009-06-14 DOI: 10.1109/ICCW.2009.5208039
M. Yamada, T. Yazaki, Nobuhito Matsuyama, Takehisa Hayashi
We introduce two approaches for power saving routers, which are the power efficient designing and the power saving designing. Power efficient designing enables a high performance router at low power consumption. As a part of power efficient designing, we have integrated ASICs/FPGAs of routers and developed a scalable central architecture. Additionally, we used new high speed memories and high speed interfaces such as a SerDes. As a result, the whole power consumption of our router adopting power efficient designing was reduced over 50% compared to conventional routers. Power saving designing is an approach to cut down wasted power consumption. Two major aspects belong to power saving designing, which are static performance control and dynamic performance control. We have been studying on static performance control, such as power cutting technology per port or module, and power saving mode by frequency switching. We were successful in saving 10-20% of power compared to conventional routers using this power saving mode by frequency switching. Furthermore, we introduce the dynamic performance control as a promising power saving approach for next generation routers. The router controls its performance dynamically according to the amount of received traffic. We show two technologies needed for this approach, which are the dynamically performance controllable router architecture/circuit, and the traffic monitoring/predicting technology. We consider that working on these technologies will save more power.
介绍了节能路由器的两种设计方法:高效节能设计和节能设计。节能设计使路由器在低功耗下实现高性能。作为节能设计的一部分,我们集成了路由器的asic / fpga,并开发了可扩展的中央架构。此外,我们使用了新的高速存储器和高速接口,如SerDes。与传统路由器相比,采用节能设计的路由器整体功耗降低了50%以上。节电设计是一种减少电能浪费的方法。节能设计的两个主要方面是静态性能控制和动态性能控制。我们一直在研究静态性能控制,例如每个端口或模块的电源切断技术,以及频率开关的节能模式。与传统路由器相比,我们成功地通过频率切换节省了10-20%的电力。此外,我们还介绍了动态性能控制作为下一代路由器的一种很有前途的节能方法。路由器根据接收到的流量动态控制其性能。我们展示了实现该方法所需的两项技术,即动态性能可控的路由器架构/电路和流量监控/预测技术。我们认为,研究这些技术将节省更多的电力。
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引用次数: 48
Bandwidth-Based Congestion Control for TCP: Measurement Noise-Aware Parameter Settings and Self-Induced Oscillation 基于带宽的TCP拥塞控制:测量噪声感知参数设置和自激振荡
Pub Date : 2009-06-14 DOI: 10.1109/ICCW.2009.5207973
M. Kodama, G. Hasegawa, M. Murata
With increase in the heterogeneity and complexity of the Internet, many problems have emerged in the traditional TCP Reno. Against the problem, we have proposed a new bandwidth- based TCP congestion control mechanism, TCP Symbiosis. Unlike the recent works on delay-based and hybrid congestion control, TCP Symbiosis relies on the bandwidth measurement to control the congestion window size. Although we have confirmed that TCP Symbiosis has the effectiveness in terms of average throughput, stability, and scalability to the bandwidth-delay product, the throughput of TCP Symbiosis highly depends on the measurement results of available bandwidth. In this paper, we redesign TCP Symbiosis to deal with the measurement error and noise of the available bandwidth. First, we propose the dynamic parameter setting algorithm based on the variance of the measured available bandwidth. Second, for the purpose of absorbing the ill-effect of environmental change, we propose to add self-induced oscillation to the congestion window size of TCP connection. We confirm the effectiveness of the proposed methods through ns-2 simulation experiments.
随着Internet异构性和复杂性的增加,传统的TCP协议出现了许多问题。针对这个问题,我们提出了一种新的基于带宽的TCP拥塞控制机制——TCP共生机制。与最近基于延迟和混合拥塞控制的工作不同,TCP共生依赖于带宽测量来控制拥塞窗口大小。虽然我们已经证实TCP Symbiosis在平均吞吐量、稳定性和带宽延迟乘积的可扩展性方面具有有效性,但TCP Symbiosis的吞吐量高度依赖于可用带宽的测量结果。本文对TCP共生系统进行了重新设计,以解决可用带宽的测量误差和噪声问题。首先,提出了基于实测可用带宽方差的动态参数设置算法。其次,为了吸收环境变化的不良影响,我们建议在TCP连接的拥塞窗口大小中加入自激振荡。通过ns-2仿真实验验证了所提方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 2
Mobility-Aware Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks 移动Ad-Hoc网络的移动感知路由协议
Pub Date : 2009-06-14 DOI: 10.1109/ICCW.2009.5208062
Suyang Ju, Joseph B. Evans
This paper introduces a novel mobility-aware routing protocol (MARP) for mobile, cognitive ad-hoc networks. Traditional routing protocols trigger the routing updates after the nodes detect the route failure. Even if the link condition is getting worse which means the link is likely to break in the future, the nodes will still transmit the packets along the current path. MARP uses cognitive techniques to predict when the link is likely to break so that it can inform the previous hop to trigger the routing updates before the link breaks. In this way, the nodes are aware of the physical topology changes. Based on simulation results, MARP can increase overall performance of the network significantly.
本文介绍了一种用于移动认知自组织网络的新型移动感知路由协议(MARP)。传统路由协议在节点检测到路由失败后触发路由更新。即使链路状况越来越差,意味着链路将来可能会中断,节点仍然会沿着当前路径传输数据包。MARP使用认知技术来预测链路可能中断的时间,以便在链路中断之前通知前一跳触发路由更新。通过这种方式,节点可以感知物理拓扑的变化。仿真结果表明,MARP可以显著提高网络的整体性能。
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引用次数: 19
Sensing After Transmission in Cognitive Wireless Personal Area Networks 认知无线个人区域网络中的传输后感知
Pub Date : 2009-06-14 DOI: 10.1109/ICCW.2009.5208052
J. Misic, V. Mišić
In this paper we investigate the performance of a cognitive personal area network (CPAN) in which the duration of spectrum sensing done by a node is proportional to the number of packets previously transmitted by that node. We show that the operation of a node in this setup can be modeled as a gated exhaustive round-robin system with vacations, and analyze the performance of the system. The impact of the value of the penalty factor, which determines the duration of sensing activity with respect to transmission, on packet access delay is discussed in detail.
在本文中,我们研究了一个认知个人区域网络(CPAN)的性能,其中由节点完成的频谱感知持续时间与该节点先前传输的数据包数量成正比。我们展示了在这种设置中节点的操作可以建模为带假期的门控穷举循环系统,并分析了系统的性能。详细讨论了惩罚因子的值对分组访问延迟的影响,惩罚因子决定了感知活动相对于传输的持续时间。
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引用次数: 0
Fundamental Performance Limits of TOA-Based Cooperative Localization 基于toa的协同定位的基本性能限制
Pub Date : 2009-06-14 DOI: 10.1109/ICCW.2009.5207988
M. Nicoli, D. Fontanella
Knowledge of node locations is desired in many types of wireless sensor network (WSN) technologies. Cooperative localization has been proved to provide self-calibration in the WSN even in presence of sparse reference nodes and noisy range estimates, as it relies on redundancy exploiting all the available inter-node measurements. In this paper we consider cooperative localization based on time-of-arrival (TOA) inter-node ranging. We analyze the Cramer-Rao bound on the positioning accuracy for one/two dimensional regular network topologies. The aim is to obtain some understanding of the behavior of localization accuracy for varying system settings, as a base for future evaluations of more realistic random network deployments.
在许多类型的无线传感器网络(WSN)技术中都需要节点位置的知识。协作定位已被证明即使在存在稀疏参考节点和噪声距离估计的情况下也能在WSN中提供自校准,因为它依赖于利用所有可用节点间测量的冗余。本文考虑了基于到达时间(TOA)节点间测距的协同定位。我们分析了一/二维规则网络拓扑的定位精度的Cramer-Rao界。目的是获得对不同系统设置的定位精度行为的一些理解,作为将来评估更现实的随机网络部署的基础。
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引用次数: 26
A Scalable and Distributed Architecture for BGP in Next Generation Routers 下一代路由器中BGP的可扩展分布式架构
Pub Date : 2009-06-14 DOI: 10.1109/ICCW.2009.5207961
K. Nguyen, B. Jaumard
Current Internet is operated based on interdomain routers executing interdomain routing protocols interconnecting nodes of various autonomous systems. Due to new requirements of traffic in the core Internet, next generation routers with enhanced memory capacity and computing resources, distributed across a very high speed switching fabric are developed in order to replace the currently used interdomain routers. An essential requirement for these routers is to redesign the current routing and signaling software modules, traditionally with centralized architectures, which do not scale in order to fully exploit such an advanced router hardware architecture. This paper discusses a first distributed BGP architecture for next generation routers, aiming at increasing the scalability and resiliency. The proposed architecture is based on a set of BGP processes running on a set of control cards of a router. The distributed processes cooperate in a manner that internally exploits the distributed hardware architecture of next generation router, while maintaining the behavior of a single routing protocol process communicating with its peers in the network. The proposed architecture improves both the overall performance and the resiliency of routers in the presence of faults.
当前的互联网是基于域间路由器运行的,这些路由器执行域间路由协议,将各种自治系统的节点互连起来。由于核心互联网对流量的新要求,为了取代目前使用的域间路由器,开发了下一代路由器,这些路由器具有增强的内存容量和计算资源,分布在非常高速的交换结构中。这些路由器的一个基本要求是重新设计当前的路由和信令软件模块,传统的集中式架构,不能扩展,以充分利用这种先进的路由器硬件架构。本文讨论了用于下一代路由器的第一种分布式BGP架构,旨在提高可扩展性和弹性。该架构基于运行在路由器控制卡上的一组BGP进程。分布式进程以一种内部利用下一代路由器的分布式硬件架构的方式进行协作,同时保持单个路由协议进程与其网络中的对等节点通信的行为。该架构既提高了路由器的整体性能,又提高了路由器在出现故障时的弹性。
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引用次数: 6
Performance Limits on Ranging with Cognitive Radio 认知无线电测距的性能限制
Pub Date : 2009-06-14 DOI: 10.1109/ICCW.2009.5207990
D. Dardari, Y. Karisan, S. Gezici, A. A. D’amico, U. Mengali
Cognitive radio is a promising paradigm for efficient utilization of the radio spectrum due to its capability to sense environmental conditions and adapt its communication and localization features. In this paper, the theoretical limits on time-of-arrival estimation for cognitive radio localization systems are derived in the presence of interference. In addition, an optimal spectrum allocation strategy which provides the best ranging accuracy limits is proposed. The strategy accounts for the constraints from the sensed interference level as well as from the regulatory emission mask. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the improvements that can be achieved by the proposed approach.
认知无线电由于具有感知环境条件和适应其通信和定位特征的能力,是有效利用无线电频谱的一个有前途的范例。本文推导了存在干扰情况下认知无线电定位系统到达时间估计的理论极限。此外,提出了一种提供最佳测距精度限制的最优频谱分配策略。该策略考虑了来自感测干扰水平和监管发射掩模的约束。数值结果说明了该方法所能达到的改进效果。
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引用次数: 8
Virtual Resource Description and Clustering for Virtual Network Discovery 面向虚拟网络发现的虚拟资源描述与聚类
Pub Date : 2009-06-14 DOI: 10.1109/ICCW.2009.5207979
I. Houidi, Wajdi Louati, D. Zeghlache, S. Baucke
This paper explores description and clustering techniques for virtual networks provisioning from shared physical resources. The contribution consists of a virtual resource description schema to specify properties and relations between virtual resources and a conceptual clustering technique to facilitate matching and discovery. Conceptual clustering provides a hierarchical classification of virtual resources and concept descriptions for clusters. Performance results benefits of conceptual clustering for resource matching are reported.
本文探讨了从共享物理资源提供虚拟网络的描述和集群技术。该贡献包括一个虚拟资源描述模式(用于指定虚拟资源之间的属性和关系)和一个概念性聚类技术(用于促进匹配和发现)。概念聚类提供了虚拟资源的分层分类和集群的概念描述。报告了概念聚类在资源匹配方面的性能结果。
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引用次数: 63
期刊
2009 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops
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