Pub Date : 2003-06-29DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2003.1263156
P. Hlubina, T. Martynkien, W. Urbańczyk
A new spectral-domain white-light interferometric technique employing a low-resolution spectrometer is used to measure dispersion characteristics of two-mode optical fibers. The technique utilizes the fact that the spectral interference fringes are resolved at the output of a tandem configuration of the compensated (non-dispersive) Michelson interferometer and a two-mode optical fiber only in the vicinities of so-called equalization wavelengths at which the optical path difference (OPD) in the interferometer is the same as the intermodal group OPDs. The white-light spectral interferometric technique is used to measure the spectral dependences of both the differences between propagation constants of modes and the intermodal group OPD for elliptical-core (highly birefringent) optical fibers. The measured dispersion characteristics of the optical fibers are compared with those corresponding to the results of an adequate theoretical analysis using the known parameters of the optical fibers.
{"title":"White-light spectral interferometry used to measure dispersion characteristics of optical fibers","authors":"P. Hlubina, T. Martynkien, W. Urbańczyk","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2003.1263156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2003.1263156","url":null,"abstract":"A new spectral-domain white-light interferometric technique employing a low-resolution spectrometer is used to measure dispersion characteristics of two-mode optical fibers. The technique utilizes the fact that the spectral interference fringes are resolved at the output of a tandem configuration of the compensated (non-dispersive) Michelson interferometer and a two-mode optical fiber only in the vicinities of so-called equalization wavelengths at which the optical path difference (OPD) in the interferometer is the same as the intermodal group OPDs. The white-light spectral interferometric technique is used to measure the spectral dependences of both the differences between propagation constants of modes and the intermodal group OPD for elliptical-core (highly birefringent) optical fibers. The measured dispersion characteristics of the optical fibers are compared with those corresponding to the results of an adequate theoretical analysis using the known parameters of the optical fibers.","PeriodicalId":272700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2003 5th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, 2003.","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115432492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-29DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264642
N. Ruzhytska, A. Nerukh, D. Nerukh
Changing of a complexity of an electromagnetic signal in a medium disturbed by external forces is considered. The disturbances are modelled by a sequence of rectangular cycles, number, magnitudes and durations of which are arbitrary. The Crutchfield's statistical complexity measure is used to quantitatively estimate the changes in the signal.
{"title":"Changing of electromagnetic signal complexity in modulated medium","authors":"N. Ruzhytska, A. Nerukh, D. Nerukh","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264642","url":null,"abstract":"Changing of a complexity of an electromagnetic signal in a medium disturbed by external forces is considered. The disturbances are modelled by a sequence of rectangular cycles, number, magnitudes and durations of which are arbitrary. The Crutchfield's statistical complexity measure is used to quantitatively estimate the changes in the signal.","PeriodicalId":272700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2003 5th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, 2003.","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127319648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-29DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2003.1263162
D. Meghavoryan, K. Stepanyan, Z. Kalayjian
We propose a novel optical ring network configuration using cascaded optical modulators for data communication, and consider different MAC protocol possibilities for this topology. For a unidirectional optical ring, a modified token ring (MTR) MAC protocol is proposed and comparative throughput analysis is performed. For a two-fiber/wavelength topology, the protection/restoration and Ethernet protocol usage possibilities are discussed.
{"title":"DWDM ring network with cascaded optical modulators","authors":"D. Meghavoryan, K. Stepanyan, Z. Kalayjian","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2003.1263162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2003.1263162","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a novel optical ring network configuration using cascaded optical modulators for data communication, and consider different MAC protocol possibilities for this topology. For a unidirectional optical ring, a modified token ring (MTR) MAC protocol is proposed and comparative throughput analysis is performed. For a two-fiber/wavelength topology, the protection/restoration and Ethernet protocol usage possibilities are discussed.","PeriodicalId":272700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2003 5th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, 2003.","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126199300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-29DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264611
M. de Vittorio, G. Gigli, M. Todaro, T. Stomeo, D. Pisignano, R. Cingolani
Photonic crystals (PC) are very promising systems by virtue of to their possibility to tailor the propagation of light and to control the spontaneous and stimulated emission of light emitting devices. PC technology will make possible applications such as compact filters, sharply bent waveguides or highly efficient light emitting devices. The fabrication of these devices can be possible if enough dielectric contrast is achieved in the spectral region of interest. Among the available materials for photonic applications, organic compounds, both small molecules and polymers, have attracted in the last few years an increasing interest, due to their low cost, easy functionalization and possibility to finely tune their optical and electrical properties. In spite of their strong potential, these organic materials typically show a low refractive index contrast, which makes it difficult a complete photonic band gap to be obtained. Furthermore, most organic material cannot be exposed to high-energy electrons during e-beam lithography, or cannot be processed by standard lithographic wet solutions. We present an overview of the materials and nanotechnological processes necessary for the fabrication of 1D and 2D hybrid organic/inorganic photonic crystals devices. Passive and active devices with different device geometries as well as novel fabrication approaches will be presented and discussed.
{"title":"Novel materials and technologies for hybrid organic-inorganic photonic crystal devices","authors":"M. de Vittorio, G. Gigli, M. Todaro, T. Stomeo, D. Pisignano, R. Cingolani","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264611","url":null,"abstract":"Photonic crystals (PC) are very promising systems by virtue of to their possibility to tailor the propagation of light and to control the spontaneous and stimulated emission of light emitting devices. PC technology will make possible applications such as compact filters, sharply bent waveguides or highly efficient light emitting devices. The fabrication of these devices can be possible if enough dielectric contrast is achieved in the spectral region of interest. Among the available materials for photonic applications, organic compounds, both small molecules and polymers, have attracted in the last few years an increasing interest, due to their low cost, easy functionalization and possibility to finely tune their optical and electrical properties. In spite of their strong potential, these organic materials typically show a low refractive index contrast, which makes it difficult a complete photonic band gap to be obtained. Furthermore, most organic material cannot be exposed to high-energy electrons during e-beam lithography, or cannot be processed by standard lithographic wet solutions. We present an overview of the materials and nanotechnological processes necessary for the fabrication of 1D and 2D hybrid organic/inorganic photonic crystals devices. Passive and active devices with different device geometries as well as novel fabrication approaches will be presented and discussed.","PeriodicalId":272700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2003 5th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, 2003.","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128050513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-29DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264570
M. Suzuki, T. Otani, M. Hayashi
Optical layer networking, such as wavelength routing, switching and restoration/protection in an optical layer is a major trend of future optical networks to achieve highly scaleable and survivable optical backbone networks. In this paper, optical layer networking using MEMS-based optical switches both for ring and mesh networks is discussed. Fast protection time of about 20 ms for IP layer has been achieved by the optical layer protection with the optical network protection equipment using a 2D-MEMS in a 500 km bidirectional wavelength path switching ring network. The obtained switching time was comparable to that of optical cross connect using electrical switching fabrics. Regarding the intelligent optical network using the generalized multi-protocol label switching (GMPLS) protocols, interworking between a photonic cross connect based on a 3D-MEMS and an IP/MPLS router has been confirmed. Fast wavelength path provisioning as well as proper path restoration has been also achieved with the GMPLS testbed including three photonic cross connect nodes and 1000 km bidirectional transmission line. Finally, the feasibility of the transparent all-optical network has been demonstrated with the GMPLS testbed.
{"title":"Trends of optical networking technologies","authors":"M. Suzuki, T. Otani, M. Hayashi","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264570","url":null,"abstract":"Optical layer networking, such as wavelength routing, switching and restoration/protection in an optical layer is a major trend of future optical networks to achieve highly scaleable and survivable optical backbone networks. In this paper, optical layer networking using MEMS-based optical switches both for ring and mesh networks is discussed. Fast protection time of about 20 ms for IP layer has been achieved by the optical layer protection with the optical network protection equipment using a 2D-MEMS in a 500 km bidirectional wavelength path switching ring network. The obtained switching time was comparable to that of optical cross connect using electrical switching fabrics. Regarding the intelligent optical network using the generalized multi-protocol label switching (GMPLS) protocols, interworking between a photonic cross connect based on a 3D-MEMS and an IP/MPLS router has been confirmed. Fast wavelength path provisioning as well as proper path restoration has been also achieved with the GMPLS testbed including three photonic cross connect nodes and 1000 km bidirectional transmission line. Finally, the feasibility of the transparent all-optical network has been demonstrated with the GMPLS testbed.","PeriodicalId":272700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2003 5th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, 2003.","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124857769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-29DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264571
A. Stavdas, C. Matrakidis, N. Leligou, S. Sygletos, I. Pountourakis
This work proposes a migration plan towards advanced optical switching networks in order to accommodate a rapid variation of the traffic profile funneled into a MAN/WAN. Three deployment stages are described; starting from the current quasi-static networks a migration to faster optical switching technology will be made plausible when these components become cost effective. The initial phase requires a carefully balanced engineering between the optical and electronic layers to avoid large inefficiencies and could be done introducing short duration slots with packet aggregation in larger frames/super packets under the control of an appropriate MAC protocol. The latter two phases delegate higher functionality to the optical layer allowing advanced statistical multiplexing within it.
{"title":"Efficient statistical multiplexing in the optical layer as a function of the reconfiguration speed requirements in a metropolitan area network","authors":"A. Stavdas, C. Matrakidis, N. Leligou, S. Sygletos, I. Pountourakis","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264571","url":null,"abstract":"This work proposes a migration plan towards advanced optical switching networks in order to accommodate a rapid variation of the traffic profile funneled into a MAN/WAN. Three deployment stages are described; starting from the current quasi-static networks a migration to faster optical switching technology will be made plausible when these components become cost effective. The initial phase requires a carefully balanced engineering between the optical and electronic layers to avoid large inefficiencies and could be done introducing short duration slots with packet aggregation in larger frames/super packets under the control of an appropriate MAC protocol. The latter two phases delegate higher functionality to the optical layer allowing advanced statistical multiplexing within it.","PeriodicalId":272700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2003 5th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, 2003.","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130411086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-29DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2003.1263155
A. Budnicki, E. Beres-Pawlik, K. Abramski
The operation of erbium doped fibre ring laser with discretely tuneable single wavelength selected by the combined set of Fabry-Perot etalon and tuneable Bragg grating connected to the optical fibre circulator in the "drop configuration" is demonstrated.
{"title":"Discretely tuneable EDF lasers","authors":"A. Budnicki, E. Beres-Pawlik, K. Abramski","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2003.1263155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2003.1263155","url":null,"abstract":"The operation of erbium doped fibre ring laser with discretely tuneable single wavelength selected by the combined set of Fabry-Perot etalon and tuneable Bragg grating connected to the optical fibre circulator in the \"drop configuration\" is demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":272700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2003 5th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, 2003.","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133976175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-29DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2003.1263174
A. Teixeira, R. Nogueira, P. André, J. Pinto, F. Rocha
In this letter some of the techniques nowadays used for all-optical wavelength conversion will be briefly characterized. Following, the Broadband orthogonal pumps method will be addressed in its theoretical aspects. Several evolution stages of a possible implementation will be presented as well as a new simplified version of this converting scheme. Also, some performance results will be shown.
{"title":"Broadband optical wavelength converters","authors":"A. Teixeira, R. Nogueira, P. André, J. Pinto, F. Rocha","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2003.1263174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2003.1263174","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter some of the techniques nowadays used for all-optical wavelength conversion will be briefly characterized. Following, the Broadband orthogonal pumps method will be addressed in its theoretical aspects. Several evolution stages of a possible implementation will be presented as well as a new simplified version of this converting scheme. Also, some performance results will be shown.","PeriodicalId":272700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2003 5th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, 2003.","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130871810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-29DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2003.1263139
A. Nosich
From the analysis it follows that a thresholdless laser is not more realistic than a perpetual motion machine. In facts thresholdless lasing idea had appeared when it was noticed that infinite photonic crystals display frequency bandgaps, in which no electromagnetic wave can propagate. Therefore, it was suggested that a microcrystal or defect-cavity laser in a photonic crystal host medium might have zero threshold. However, no crystal is infinite, therefore the thresholds can be only made small. In fact, zero threshold is completely equivalent to zero output light. Therefore it appears that analyses of lasing in infinite photonic crystals are either erroneous, if done approximately or with coarse numerical methods like FDTD, or has no sense at all, if done with accurate methods, which correctly account for the radiation conditions. Instead, one must simply formulate the LEP with a finite-size photonic-crystal encasing a laser resonator and study the reduction of the thresholds as a function of elementary cell size, topology, filling, and number.
{"title":"Mathematical modeling of lasing in semiconductor microcavities by means of adequate eigenvalue problems","authors":"A. Nosich","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2003.1263139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2003.1263139","url":null,"abstract":"From the analysis it follows that a thresholdless laser is not more realistic than a perpetual motion machine. In facts thresholdless lasing idea had appeared when it was noticed that infinite photonic crystals display frequency bandgaps, in which no electromagnetic wave can propagate. Therefore, it was suggested that a microcrystal or defect-cavity laser in a photonic crystal host medium might have zero threshold. However, no crystal is infinite, therefore the thresholds can be only made small. In fact, zero threshold is completely equivalent to zero output light. Therefore it appears that analyses of lasing in infinite photonic crystals are either erroneous, if done approximately or with coarse numerical methods like FDTD, or has no sense at all, if done with accurate methods, which correctly account for the radiation conditions. Instead, one must simply formulate the LEP with a finite-size photonic-crystal encasing a laser resonator and study the reduction of the thresholds as a function of elementary cell size, topology, filling, and number.","PeriodicalId":272700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2003 5th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, 2003.","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132398695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-29DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264645
A. Boriskin, S. Boriskina, M. Marciniak
The focusing properties of a truncated elliptic dielectric cylinder taken as a 2-D model of a dielectric lens are studied for the plane wave illumination. The Muller integral-equation (IE) technique is used for the analysis of the scattering problem. Such a full-wave mathematically correct method guarantees uniqueness of the solution for arbitrary set of parameters. In the discretization scheme, we also use analytical inversion of the canonical circular-cylinder counterpart of the problem and build a very efficient CAD tool. Numerical results for the near fields are presented and lens-focusing properties are studied for the E-polarization case.
{"title":"Numerical analysis of truncated elliptic lenses for optical and sub-mm wave receivers","authors":"A. Boriskin, S. Boriskina, M. Marciniak","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264645","url":null,"abstract":"The focusing properties of a truncated elliptic dielectric cylinder taken as a 2-D model of a dielectric lens are studied for the plane wave illumination. The Muller integral-equation (IE) technique is used for the analysis of the scattering problem. Such a full-wave mathematically correct method guarantees uniqueness of the solution for arbitrary set of parameters. In the discretization scheme, we also use analytical inversion of the canonical circular-cylinder counterpart of the problem and build a very efficient CAD tool. Numerical results for the near fields are presented and lens-focusing properties are studied for the E-polarization case.","PeriodicalId":272700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2003 5th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, 2003.","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134249368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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