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Waste Management Policy Implementation in South Africa: An emerging stakeholder participation paradox 南非废物管理政策的实施:一个新兴的利益相关者参与悖论
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/SAJEE.V20I0.122664
G. Nhamo
The need to eliminate plastic shopping bags from South Africa’s environment has resulted in the formation and implementation of the Plastic Carrier Bags and Plastics Flat Bags Regulations (hereafter referred to as the Plastic Bags Regulations).The new law requires manufacturers to produce thicker, reusable and recyclable plastic shopping bags sold at purchase points.However, some major retailers have refused to charge customers for the new bags claiming that they were not party to the policy process. Consumer organisations have called for boycotts and urged shoppers to support retailers that continue issuing ‘free’ bags. Drawing theoretical insights from actor network theory (ANT) and other actor oriented and practice-based policy frameworks, this small-scale study established that the failure to consider key actors and actants in the policy implementation process, and the role of powerful actor networks in the process have adversly affected the policy implementation process. Given that South Africa placed emphasis on consultative national environmental policy process approaches, the unfolding events and emerging policy process models show an emerging stakeholder participation paradox in implementing policies on waste management in South Africa.
由于需要从南非的环境中消除塑料购物袋,因此形成并实施了《塑料手提袋和塑料扁平袋规例》(以下简称《塑料袋规例》)。新法律要求制造商生产更厚、可重复使用和可回收的塑料购物袋,并在购买点出售。然而,一些大型零售商拒绝向顾客收取新袋子的费用,声称他们没有参与政策过程。消费者组织呼吁抵制塑料袋,并敦促消费者支持继续发放“免费”塑料袋的零售商。从行动者网络理论(ANT)和其他以行动者为导向、以实践为基础的政策框架中汲取理论见解,这项小规模研究发现,在政策实施过程中未能考虑关键行动者和行动者,以及强大的行动者网络在这一过程中的作用,对政策实施过程产生了不利影响。鉴于南非强调协商的国家环境政策过程方法,正在展开的事件和新出现的政策过程模型表明,在南非实施废物管理政策时,出现了利益相关者参与的悖论。
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引用次数: 8
Power/Knowledge in the Governance of Natural Resources: A Case Study of Medicinal Plant Conservation in the Eastern Cape 自然资源治理中的权力/知识:东开普省药用植物保护案例研究
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/SAJEE.V28I0.122243
S. Shava
This article explores the power/knowledge relations at the knowledge generating interface between a modern community development organisation and a traditional health practitioner community in a town in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, through the lens of Foucaldian governmentality. This case study is part of a broader study which explores power/knowledge relationships in the representation and application of indigenous knowledges in selected environmental education and community development contexts. This study traces the various loci of power/knowledge and their implications in a project focusing on the conservation of traditional medicinal plants in which the community development organisation and traditional health practitioner community were involved as key partners. The case study provides a micro-setting to analyse natural resource governance, which reveals how power located in modern institutions is reinforced by the generation and accumulation of disciplinary (scientific) knowledge as a hegemonic regime of truth that is applied in the governance of medicinal resources. It also reveals the location of power within the traditional healer community on the other hand and how this is maintained by the resilient cultural retention of medicinal knowledge and related practices within the community against a background of dominant Western medical practice.
本文通过福卡德治理的视角,探讨了南非东开普省一个城镇的现代社区发展组织和传统卫生从业者社区在知识生成界面上的权力/知识关系。本案例研究是一项更广泛的研究的一部分,该研究探讨了在选定的环境教育和社区发展背景下土著知识的表现和应用中的权力/知识关系。这项研究追踪了一个以保护传统药用植物为重点的项目中的各种权力/知识位点及其影响,社区发展组织和传统保健从业者社区作为主要合作伙伴参与了该项目。该案例研究提供了一个微观环境来分析自然资源治理,揭示了现代机构中的权力是如何通过学科(科学)知识的产生和积累而得到加强的,这是一种应用于药物资源治理的真理霸权制度。另一方面,它也揭示了权力在传统治疗师社区中的位置,以及在西方医学实践占主导地位的背景下,社区内对医学知识和相关实践的弹性文化保留是如何维持权力的。
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引用次数: 2
Think Piece: Reflections on the Individual–Collective Relation in Change Agency Formation in the Samsø Renewable Energy Island Project 思考篇:对samsoø可再生能源岛项目变革主体形成过程中个体-集体关系的思考
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/SAJEE.V34I0.172208
Monica Carlsson
This paper offers reflections on change agency formation in the Renewable Energy Island (REI) project on Samso, following a field visit to the island in June 2016. Both individual and collective agency are set out as central for the processes leading to the change in the REI project, spurring reflections on individual–collective agency dimensions in change agency formation related to climate change issues, inspired by notions of participation in everyday life (Marres, 2011; Micheletti 2002, 2006). The paper furthermore focuses on an exploration of two different formats of knowledge-sharing in the learning processes leading to change on Samso – ‘neighbourly visits’ and web-based documentation – emphasising the role of knowledge in change agency formation. Drawing on Jamison’s (2001, 2010) notion of the making of green knowledge in the tension between environmental politics and cultural transformation, the paper suggests that the REI project can be characterised by both an adaptive approach and by social resilience development.
本文在2016年6月对Samso岛的可再生能源岛(REI)项目进行实地考察后,提出了对该项目变革机构形成的思考。个人和集体代理都是导致REI项目变化的过程的中心,在参与日常生活的概念的启发下,激发了对与气候变化问题相关的变化代理形成中的个人-集体代理维度的反思(Marres, 2011;Micheletti 2002, 2006)。这篇论文进一步着重探讨了在Samso上导致变化的学习过程中的两种不同的知识共享形式——“邻居访问”和基于网络的文献——强调了知识在变化机构形成中的作用。根据Jamison(2001,2010)关于在环境政治和文化转型之间的紧张关系中产生绿色知识的概念,本文认为REI项目可以通过适应性方法和社会弹性发展来表征。
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引用次数: 1
Environmental Issues in the South African Media: A case study of the Natal Witness 南非媒体中的环境问题:纳塔尔证人的个案研究
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/SAJEE.V23I0.122732
M. Lawhon, R. Fincham
Environmental reporting in South Africa has been criticised for its focus on ‘green’ environmental issues. This criticism is rooted in the traditionally elite nature of both the media and environmentalists. However, both, it has been noted, are undergoing transformation. This paper tests the veracity of this assumption of representativeness in the contemporary South African press through a content analysis of key issues and themes and the race and gender of actors in environmental stories in the Natal Witness. The research shows  that this assertion of representativeness does not accurately describe reporting in the Natal Witness. ‘Green’  themes are found in almost half (48%) of the stories, as compared to ‘brown’ themes (17%), ecological  disasters (16%), resource use (5%), environmental ethics (6%) and other themes (8%). Sources and actors tend to be white (72.9%) and men (79.9%). It is outside the parameters of the study to determine whether or not this is representative of the ‘real world’ which is being reported on; the results are intended to be used to raise questions about the perceptions which such stories present to the public.
南非的环境报道因关注“绿色”环境问题而受到批评。这种批评根植于媒体和环保主义者的传统精英本性。然而,人们注意到,这两个国家都在经历转型。本文通过对纳塔尔见证中环境故事中的关键问题和主题以及演员的种族和性别的内容分析,测试了当代南非新闻界代表性假设的真实性。研究表明,这种代表性的断言并不能准确地描述纳塔尔证人的报告。“绿色”主题几乎占了一半(48%),相比之下,“棕色”主题(17%)、生态灾难(16%)、资源利用(5%)、环境伦理(6%)和其他主题(8%)。消息来源和演员往往是白人(72.9%)和男性(79.9%)。确定这是否代表正在报道的“真实世界”是研究参数之外的;研究结果旨在对这类故事呈现给公众的认知提出质疑。
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引用次数: 5
Exploring Educational Quality and Relevance through Integrating Environmental and Social Issues in Science Education 通过整合科学教育中的环境和社会问题探索教育质量和相关性
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/SAJEE.V29I0.122282
A. A. R. Monjane
In this research, the researcher and participating teachers endeavoured to explore ways of contextualising chemistry education in relation to local environmental and social issues in two high schools in Mozambique. The  research took place in two secondary schools, one in Beline and the other in Maputo. In this study, only the results of the Maputo school are reported on in detail, although the same process was followed in both schools. After undertaking a literature review, and initiating focus-group discussions on the contextualisation of chemistry teaching, and before dealing with the programme contents, a pretest took place in two Grade 9 classes, one in each school. Subsequently, the programme contents were taught in both classes. However, the new contextualised concept of learning and teaching was applied only to one of them. A post-test was held for both streams following the teaching of the programme. The analysis of the pretest findings showed no significant difference between the two classes, whereas the analysis of the post-test findings indicated a significant difference between the two. In the class where the new concept of contextualising the learning within learners’ everyday lives was applied, it was found that learners participated actively in the chemistry lessons. This contrasted strongly with the class where conventional methodology was used.
在这项研究中,研究人员和参与的教师努力探索将莫桑比克两所高中的化学教育与当地环境和社会问题联系起来的方法。这项研究在两所中学进行,一所在贝林,另一所在马普托。在这项研究中,只有马普托学校的结果得到了详细的报告,尽管两个学校都遵循了同样的过程。在进行了文献综述,并就化学教学情境化展开焦点小组讨论之后,在处理计划内容之前,在两个九年级班级(每个学校一个班级)进行了预测试。随后,课程内容在两个班级中讲授。然而,新的情境化的学习和教学概念只适用于其中一个。课程教学结束后,两组学生都进行了后期测试。对前测结果的分析显示两个班级之间没有显著差异,而对后测结果的分析表明两者之间有显著差异。在课堂上,在学生的日常生活中进行情境化学习的新概念被应用,我们发现学生积极参与化学课程。这与使用传统方法的班级形成强烈对比。
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引用次数: 1
Sigtuna Think Piece 6 A Case of Exploring Learning Interactions in Rural Farming Communities of Practice in Manicaland, Zimbabwe Sigtuna Think Piece 6:在津巴布韦Manicaland的农村农业实践社区中探索学习互动的案例
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/SAJEE.V26I0.122802
T. Pesanayi
Food insecurity is one of the major threats to sustainable development in Africa, and particularly southern Africa. Climate change is increasingly having negative impacts on food production, further increasing the vulnerability of resource-poor communities. This paper outlines a research study conducted in two Zimbabwean smallholder communities of practice, with the aim of understanding learning interactions taking place within the community of practice that influence its choice of cultivated food plants. This would hopefully inform capability-centred teaching and learning. The study was conducted in the context of vulnerability to environment risk, socio-political pressures and a market-oriented agro-based economy in recession. Various causal mechanisms influencing plant-food choice were identified using critical realist ontological analysis. These included mixed messages from external influences in conflict with local knowledge due to power knowledge relationships. A number of learning interactions were found to be important in promoting the adaptive capacity of the farmers to chronic drought, which included inter-generational knowledge sharing; farmer to farmer exchange and reflective dialogue; experiential learning; farmers ‘passing on’ part of their harvests to other farmers; farming communities learning from risk and responding to risk; and learning from trying things out. The implications for capability-centred social learning processes were that it is important to understand the causal mechanisms that influence choices; and to confront tensions, while reducing ambivalence. A focus on more sustainable alternatives, feasible and practical for farmers, was recommended. These findings, in the context of one case study, create research questions to be examined in other case contexts in environmental education research focusing on climate change learning and adaptation.
粮食不安全是非洲,特别是南部非洲可持续发展的主要威胁之一。气候变化对粮食生产的负面影响越来越大,进一步增加了资源贫乏社区的脆弱性。本文概述了在两个津巴布韦小农实践社区进行的一项研究,其目的是了解影响其选择种植粮食植物的实践社区内发生的学习互动。这有望为以能力为中心的教学提供信息。这项研究是在易受环境风险、社会政治压力和处于衰退中的以市场为基础的农业经济的情况下进行的。利用批判现实主义本体论分析确定了影响植物性食物选择的各种因果机制。其中包括来自外部影响的混合信息,由于权力和知识关系,这些信息与当地知识发生冲突。研究发现,许多学习互动对提高农民对慢性干旱的适应能力很重要,其中包括代际知识共享;农民间的交流与反思对话;从实践经验中学习;农民把收成的一部分分给其他农民;农业社区从风险中学习并应对风险;从尝试中学习。对以能力为中心的社会学习过程的影响是,理解影响选择的因果机制是很重要的;面对紧张局势,同时减少矛盾心理。建议着重于对农民可行和实际的更可持续的替代办法。在一个案例研究的背景下,这些发现创造了研究问题,以便在环境教育研究的其他案例背景下进行研究,重点是气候变化学习和适应。
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引用次数: 3
Omgewingsgerigte ekonomie-onderrig? Noot!
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/SAJEE.V6I1.137416
M. V. D. Merwe
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引用次数: 0
Education, Environment and Sustainability 教育、环境和可持续发展
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/SAJEE.V24I0.122744
E. González-Gaudiano
The appearance of environmental issues in the epistemological horizon of scientific disciplines has constituted a veritable revolution, in the same way as linguistics gave a new sense and created new subject matter in the social sciences in the middle of the 20th century. The study of the environment in its connotation of ‘Nature’ has been part of school curricula and scientific research for a very long time. The qualitative difference in how environmental issues are now dealt with in education and scientific research has been influenced by, on the one hand, the momentum gained by environmental issues resulting from industrialisation, followed by globalisation. Industrialisation and globalisation have revealed a previously unheard of magnitude and complexity of environmental issues, two aspects that due to the type and depth of knowledge available previously, had not been adequately pondered. On the other hand, the political, economic, social and even philosophical (ethic, aesthetic, epistemological, ontological, etc.) dimensions now associated with environmental phenomena have gone way beyond what could have been expected when the first critiques and cries of alarm about environmental issues were raised. These early warnings on the methods of increasing productivity (Rachel Carson); the models of industrial production and occidental lifestyles (Barry Commoner and Fritz Schumacher); the loss of and tragedy of the commons (Garrett Hardin); and exponential demographic growth (Paul Ehrlich and Donella Meadows), are only a few of the better known (not in chronological order).
环境问题在科学学科认识论视野中的出现构成了一场真正的革命,就像语言学在20世纪中叶赋予社会科学新的意义和创造新的主题一样。很长一段时间以来,对“自然”内涵的环境研究一直是学校课程和科学研究的一部分。目前教育和科学研究如何处理环境问题的性质差异,一方面受到工业化和随后的全球化所带来的环境问题的势头的影响。工业化和全球化揭示了前所未有的环境问题的规模和复杂性,这两个方面由于以前可用知识的类型和深度,没有得到充分的考虑。另一方面,现在与环境现象有关的政治、经济、社会甚至哲学(伦理、美学、认识论、本体论等)方面已经远远超出了最初对环境问题提出批评和警告时的预期。这些关于提高生产力方法的早期警告(雷切尔·卡森);工业生产和西方生活方式的模型(巴里·康蒙纳和弗里茨·舒马赫);公地的丧失和悲剧(加勒特·哈丁);以及人口指数增长(保罗·埃利希和多内拉·梅多斯),只是其中比较出名的几个(没有时间顺序)。
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引用次数: 19
Indigenous Concepts, Institutions and Practices in Response to Environmental Degradation and HIV/AIDS 应对环境退化和艾滋病毒/艾滋病的土著概念、制度和做法
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/SAJEE.V22I0.122711
M. Mlipha
This Viewpoint paper is inspired by the attention given to indigenous concepts and practices in the search for solutions to the problems of HIV/AIDS and environmental degradation. The paper focusses on the review and description of various indigenous concepts with respect to their relevance in the fight against HIV/AIDS, in particular, and environmental degradation in general. This opinion paper has been inspired by the contributions of Lungi Goduka, Soul Shava, Clayton Zazu, Jones Nkole, Charles Chikunda, Caleb Mandikonza and Mary Chintu-Chilele and others, who made a moving presentation in the 2005 EEASA conference in Lusaka around the concepts of litiko and lilima emphasising their potential role in fight against HIV/AIDS. The paper finds litiko to be a limited forum hence the suggestion that sibuya could actually be appropriate since it is more elaborate than litiko . The importance of lilima is recognised, particularly in the dissemination of information and as a support forum for those already affected by HIV/ AIDS. However, lilima may not really be of great help in the education aspect. The paper further introduces the concepts of lisango and indlunkhulu as fora for the involvement of males and the whole community in the fight against HIV/AIDS and its impacts.
在寻求解决艾滋病毒/艾滋病和环境退化问题的办法时,人们注意到土著的概念和做法,这启发了本观点文件。该文件着重审查和说明各种土著概念在防治艾滋病毒/艾滋病,特别是在一般环境退化方面的相关性。这篇意见书的灵感来自于Lungi Goduka、Soul Shava、Clayton Zazu、Jones Nkole、Charles Chikunda、Caleb Mandikonza和Mary Chintu-Chilele等人的贡献,他们在2005年卢萨卡举行的EEASA会议上,围绕“诉讼”和“lilima”的概念,做了感人的演讲,强调了它们在对抗HIV/AIDS中的潜在作用。论文发现诉讼是一个有限的论坛,因此建议sibuya实际上可能是合适的,因为它比诉讼更详细。人们认识到lilima的重要性,特别是在传播信息和作为已受艾滋病毒/艾滋病影响者的支助论坛方面。然而,lilima在教育方面可能并没有多大的帮助。该文件进一步介绍了lisango和indlunkhulu作为男性和整个社区参与防治艾滋病毒/艾滋病及其影响的论坛的概念。
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引用次数: 1
The Role of Place-based Education in Developing Sustainability as a Frame of Mind 在地教育在发展可持续性思维框架中的作用
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/SAJEE.V30I0.121962
K. Ontong, L. Grange
As the Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (2005-2014) draws to an end, one could pose the  question: what might education’s response be to a deepening environmental crisis as we move beyond the decade? Sustainability as a frame of mind presents a different perspective to that of sustainable development as a policy (the focus of the Decade of Education for Sustainable Development) and therefore cultivating it through education might be a response that could take us forward. In this article we argue for an expanded notion of sustainability as a frame of mind, viewed through the lens of place-based/place-conscious education  and also informed by the metaphysics of ubuntu. The aim of the article is to introduce place-based education  and sustainability as a frame of mind as conceptual avenues for challenging educators to rethink  environmental  education as we enter an era beyond the Decade of Education for Sustainable Development. We  do this by conceptually exploring the concepts of place-based and place-conscious education and how these  fairly new educational notions might assist in developing sustainability as a frame of mind. We also discuss the  educational implications of practising a pedagogy of place with specific reference to sustainability.
随着教育促进可持续发展十年(2005-2014)接近尾声,人们可能会提出这样一个问题:随着这十年的结束,教育可能会如何应对日益加深的环境危机?作为一种心态的可持续性与作为一项政策的可持续发展(教育促进可持续发展十年的重点)提供了不同的视角,因此通过教育培养可持续性可能是一种可以推动我们前进的反应。在这篇文章中,我们将通过基于地点/地点意识教育的视角,以及ubuntu的形而上学来论证可持续性作为一种思维框架的扩展概念。本文的目的是介绍在地教育和可持续性作为一种思维框架,作为挑战教育工作者重新思考环境教育的概念途径,因为我们进入了一个超越可持续发展教育十年的时代。为此,我们从概念上探索了基于地点和地点意识的教育概念,以及这些相当新的教育理念如何帮助发展可持续性作为一种思维框架。我们还讨论了具体参照可持续性实践地点教学法的教育意义。
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引用次数: 15
期刊
The Southern African Journal of Environmental Education
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