Large-scale airborne networks, which connect airborne nodes with high-bandwidth communication links are being actively pursued commercially. We propose utilizing thousands of operational passenger and cargo aircraft as the principal components of an airborne network which could provide high-speed Internet to passengers on-board and on the ground. To simulate such a network we have augmented the ns-3 network simulator with a model for ingesting and processing aircraft position information, a steerable directional antenna model, a wireless point-to-point channel and associated net devices, and a distributed topology control application to manage the topology of the mesh network. We describe our implementation of these models and some tools for visualizing airborne networks. Using a simulation of a large airborne network, covering the United States, we perform experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of using the Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR) to route network traffic. Our simulations lead us to conclude that OLSR is likely not a good fit for our envisioned network.
{"title":"Simulating large-scale airborne networks with ns-3","authors":"Ben Newton, Jay Aikat, K. Jeffay","doi":"10.1145/2756509.2756514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2756509.2756514","url":null,"abstract":"Large-scale airborne networks, which connect airborne nodes with high-bandwidth communication links are being actively pursued commercially. We propose utilizing thousands of operational passenger and cargo aircraft as the principal components of an airborne network which could provide high-speed Internet to passengers on-board and on the ground. To simulate such a network we have augmented the ns-3 network simulator with a model for ingesting and processing aircraft position information, a steerable directional antenna model, a wireless point-to-point channel and associated net devices, and a distributed topology control application to manage the topology of the mesh network. We describe our implementation of these models and some tools for visualizing airborne networks. Using a simulation of a large airborne network, covering the United States, we perform experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of using the Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR) to route network traffic. Our simulations lead us to conclude that OLSR is likely not a good fit for our envisioned network.","PeriodicalId":272891,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2015 Workshop on ns-3","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121076577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Obstacles, such as buildings and trees, interfere with radio wave signal propagation by contributing fading and shadowing effects. To produce results that accurately reflect real-world topologies, models must address the radio-interfering conditions that obstacles present. Failing to account for the effects of obstacles can therefore inaccurately overstate network performance. An obstacle shadowing model was implemented for the ns-3 network simulation toolset and tested using an ns-3 script for wireless vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) scenarios and obstacle data from Open Street Map (OSM). Results show that deterministic obstacle shadowing compares differently than stochastic Nakagami-m fading. The obstacle shadowing model algorithm can be executed in time complexity similar to other simpler models. Including realistic obstacle shadowing in simulation modeling improves performance assessment.
{"title":"An obstacle model implementation for evaluating radio shadowing with ns-3","authors":"Scott E. Carpenter, M. Sichitiu","doi":"10.1145/2756509.2756512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2756509.2756512","url":null,"abstract":"Obstacles, such as buildings and trees, interfere with radio wave signal propagation by contributing fading and shadowing effects. To produce results that accurately reflect real-world topologies, models must address the radio-interfering conditions that obstacles present. Failing to account for the effects of obstacles can therefore inaccurately overstate network performance. An obstacle shadowing model was implemented for the ns-3 network simulation toolset and tested using an ns-3 script for wireless vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) scenarios and obstacle data from Open Street Map (OSM). Results show that deterministic obstacle shadowing compares differently than stochastic Nakagami-m fading. The obstacle shadowing model algorithm can be executed in time complexity similar to other simpler models. Including realistic obstacle shadowing in simulation modeling improves performance assessment.","PeriodicalId":272891,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2015 Workshop on ns-3","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128941164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We developed an extension for the LTE module of the ns-3 simulator in order to allow the simulation of Fractional Frequency Reuse algorithms and the evaluation of their performance in an LTE scenario. In this paper, we describe the technical components of such extension, namely the new API for Fractional Frequency Reuse algorithms, the implementation of several state-of-the-art-algorithms based on such API, and the implementation of the LTE downlink and uplink power control functionality which are required by many of these algorithms. Additionally, we provide an overview of the test suites that are included with our extension in order to validate its correct functionality, and discuss some example scenarios illustrating how our extension can be used in an LTE simulation.
{"title":"An extension of the ns-3 LTE module to simulate fractional frequency reuse algorithms","authors":"P. Gawłowicz, N. Baldo, M. Miozzo","doi":"10.1145/2756509.2756524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2756509.2756524","url":null,"abstract":"We developed an extension for the LTE module of the ns-3 simulator in order to allow the simulation of Fractional Frequency Reuse algorithms and the evaluation of their performance in an LTE scenario. In this paper, we describe the technical components of such extension, namely the new API for Fractional Frequency Reuse algorithms, the implementation of several state-of-the-art-algorithms based on such API, and the implementation of the LTE downlink and uplink power control functionality which are required by many of these algorithms. Additionally, we provide an overview of the test suites that are included with our extension in order to validate its correct functionality, and discuss some example scenarios illustrating how our extension can be used in an LTE simulation.","PeriodicalId":272891,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2015 Workshop on ns-3","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131568017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rohit Gupta, Bjoern Bachmann, Russell D. Ford, S. Rangan, Nikhil Kundargi, A. Ekbal, Karamvir Rathi, M. Sanchez, A. D. Oliva, Arianna Morelli
In this paper, we present initial results on how the ns-3 LTE LENA stack is used to build a LTE testbed in an indoor lab network. We have extended the ns-3 MAC/PHY layer architecture to interface with a LabVIEW implementation of the LTE Physical layer and also extended ns-3 core modules to enable real-time performance. We present how this testbed can be used for prototyping a novel Software Defined Networking (SDN) scheme for interference management within dense heterogeneous deployments of cellular wireless networks. We provide an example case study for a Distributed Mobility Management (DMM) implementation using this testbed, where we demonstrate mobility of a emulated User Equipment device between LTE and WiFi networks. We plan to use this testbed for validation and demonstration of various SDN-based algorithms proposed within the framework of the EU FP7 CROWD (Connectivity management for eneRgy Optimised Wireless Dense networks) Project. We believe the proposed testbed is especially valuable for studying the cross-layer performance of cellular PHY/MAC algorithms in a realistic environment and shows how ns-3 can be used as a unified prototyping and simulation framework for wireless networks.
{"title":"ns-3-based real-time emulation of LTE testbed using LabVIEW platform for software defined networking (SDN) in CROWD project","authors":"Rohit Gupta, Bjoern Bachmann, Russell D. Ford, S. Rangan, Nikhil Kundargi, A. Ekbal, Karamvir Rathi, M. Sanchez, A. D. Oliva, Arianna Morelli","doi":"10.1145/2756509.2756516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2756509.2756516","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present initial results on how the ns-3 LTE LENA stack is used to build a LTE testbed in an indoor lab network. We have extended the ns-3 MAC/PHY layer architecture to interface with a LabVIEW implementation of the LTE Physical layer and also extended ns-3 core modules to enable real-time performance. We present how this testbed can be used for prototyping a novel Software Defined Networking (SDN) scheme for interference management within dense heterogeneous deployments of cellular wireless networks. We provide an example case study for a Distributed Mobility Management (DMM) implementation using this testbed, where we demonstrate mobility of a emulated User Equipment device between LTE and WiFi networks. We plan to use this testbed for validation and demonstration of various SDN-based algorithms proposed within the framework of the EU FP7 CROWD (Connectivity management for eneRgy Optimised Wireless Dense networks) Project. We believe the proposed testbed is especially valuable for studying the cross-layer performance of cellular PHY/MAC algorithms in a realistic environment and shows how ns-3 can be used as a unified prototyping and simulation framework for wireless networks.","PeriodicalId":272891,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2015 Workshop on ns-3","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124741756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lampros Katsikas, K. Chatzikokolakis, N. Alonistioti
Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks are of great interest for secure, efficient and reliable communications, in the last years. In this paper, we firstly present an implementation of a VANET algorithm to form clusters in ns-3 simulation environment. We provide the details of the algorithm and the communication messages exchanged among vehicles to form and maintain clusters of moving nodes. Then, we present an application scenario for safety and emergency situations. Vehicles form clusters using the proposed algorithm while the application calculates safety messages statistics.
{"title":"Implementing clustering for vehicular ad-hoc networks in ns-3","authors":"Lampros Katsikas, K. Chatzikokolakis, N. Alonistioti","doi":"10.1145/2756509.2756520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2756509.2756520","url":null,"abstract":"Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks are of great interest for secure, efficient and reliable communications, in the last years. In this paper, we firstly present an implementation of a VANET algorithm to form clusters in ns-3 simulation environment. We provide the details of the algorithm and the communication messages exchanged among vehicles to form and maintain clusters of moving nodes. Then, we present an application scenario for safety and emergency situations. Vehicles form clusters using the proposed algorithm while the application calculates safety messages statistics.","PeriodicalId":272891,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2015 Workshop on ns-3","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132096093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Nikolaev, Eddy Banks, P. Barnes, D. Jefferson, Steven G. Smith
In this paper, we describe the results of simulation of very large (up to 109 nodes), planetary-scale networks using ns-3 simulator. The modeled networks consist of the small-world core graph of network routers and an equal number of the leaf nodes (one leaf node per router). Each bidirectional link in the simulation carries on-off traffic. Using LLNL's high-performance computing (HPC) clusters, we conducted strong and weak scaling studies, and investigated on-node scalability for MPI nodes. The scaling relations for both runtime and memory are derived. In addition we examine the packet transmission rate in the simulation and its scalability. Performance of the default ns-3 parallel scheduler is compared to the custom-designed NULL-message scheduler.
{"title":"Pushing the envelope in distributed ns-3 simulations: one billion nodes","authors":"S. Nikolaev, Eddy Banks, P. Barnes, D. Jefferson, Steven G. Smith","doi":"10.1145/2756509.2756525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2756509.2756525","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we describe the results of simulation of very large (up to 109 nodes), planetary-scale networks using ns-3 simulator. The modeled networks consist of the small-world core graph of network routers and an equal number of the leaf nodes (one leaf node per router). Each bidirectional link in the simulation carries on-off traffic. Using LLNL's high-performance computing (HPC) clusters, we conducted strong and weak scaling studies, and investigated on-node scalability for MPI nodes. The scaling relations for both runtime and memory are derived. In addition we examine the packet transmission rate in the simulation and its scalability. Performance of the default ns-3 parallel scheduler is compared to the custom-designed NULL-message scheduler.","PeriodicalId":272891,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2015 Workshop on ns-3","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115725919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Casoni, Carlo Augusto Grazia, Martin Klapež, Natale Patriciello
Currently, the ns-3 network simulator include rather limited TCP functionalities. TCP Options are not supported, and it misses models for widely used congestion control algorithms. Thus, simulations can be inadequate for today's standards and unable to represent what happen inside a broad range of networks, from Gigabit Ethernet to high-delay satellite channels. This paper presents an extension of the ns-3 TCP infrastructure, through the addition of the Window Scaling and the Timestamp Options as well as various models of TCP congestion control algorithms, from the widely used TCP Cubic to algorithms tailored for satellite or high Bandwidth-Delay Product links in general, namely TCP Hybla, Highspeed, Bic and Noordwijk. These additions are useful especially for research in high-speed or high-delay networks, filling the gap between real world and ns-3 TCP. Last but not least, this paper also presents some results regarding the validation of the added models, in order to demonstrate their correctness.
{"title":"Implementation and validation of TCP options and congestion control algorithms for ns-3","authors":"M. Casoni, Carlo Augusto Grazia, Martin Klapež, Natale Patriciello","doi":"10.1145/2756509.2756518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2756509.2756518","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, the ns-3 network simulator include rather limited TCP functionalities. TCP Options are not supported, and it misses models for widely used congestion control algorithms. Thus, simulations can be inadequate for today's standards and unable to represent what happen inside a broad range of networks, from Gigabit Ethernet to high-delay satellite channels. This paper presents an extension of the ns-3 TCP infrastructure, through the addition of the Window Scaling and the Timestamp Options as well as various models of TCP congestion control algorithms, from the widely used TCP Cubic to algorithms tailored for satellite or high Bandwidth-Delay Product links in general, namely TCP Hybla, Highspeed, Bic and Noordwijk. These additions are useful especially for research in high-speed or high-delay networks, filling the gap between real world and ns-3 TCP. Last but not least, this paper also presents some results regarding the validation of the added models, in order to demonstrate their correctness.","PeriodicalId":272891,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2015 Workshop on ns-3","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121224601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The 2015 Workshop on ns-3 (WNS3 2015) is the seventh edition of an annual series of workshops around the discrete-event network simulator known as "ns-3". The workshop aims to gather ns-3 users and developers, together with networking simulation practitioners and users, and developers of other network simulation tools, to discuss the ns-3 simulator and related activities. ns-3 is a tool used for performance evaluation in computer networks, and this workshop offers a venue for those involved with extending or testing the tool itself to publish original work in this regard. Formally held in conjunction with the annual SIMUTools Conference, this edition marks the second year that the workshop has been sponsored by the ns-3 Consortium and organized as part of a full week of activities including also training sessions, the Consortium Annual Meeting, and developer discussions.
{"title":"Proceedings of the 2015 Workshop on ns-3","authors":"Eric Gamess, P. Barnes, Hajime Tazaki, N. Baldo","doi":"10.1145/2756509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2756509","url":null,"abstract":"The 2015 Workshop on ns-3 (WNS3 2015) is the seventh edition of an annual series of workshops around the discrete-event network simulator known as \"ns-3\". The workshop aims to gather ns-3 users and developers, together with networking simulation practitioners and users, and developers of other network simulation tools, to discuss the ns-3 simulator and related activities. ns-3 is a tool used for performance evaluation in computer networks, and this workshop offers a venue for those involved with extending or testing the tool itself to publish original work in this regard. Formally held in conjunction with the annual SIMUTools Conference, this edition marks the second year that the workshop has been sponsored by the ns-3 Consortium and organized as part of a full week of activities including also training sessions, the Consortium Annual Meeting, and developer discussions.","PeriodicalId":272891,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2015 Workshop on ns-3","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129861587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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