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Proceedings of the 2015 Workshop on ns-3最新文献

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PHOLD performance of conservative synchronization methods for distributed simulation in ns-3 ns-3中分布式仿真保守同步方法的hold性能
Pub Date : 2015-05-13 DOI: 10.1145/2756509.2756511
Jared S. Ivey, B. Swenson, G. Riley
The scalability and runtime performance of large-scale discrete event network simulations has been improved previously by spreading processing effort across multiple processors, increasing the provided computational power while decreasing the wallclock execution time of each simulation trial. The popular network simulator ns-3 provides two distributed frameworks that differ in their synchronization implementations. This paper provides those thresholds under which certain selection criteria would deem one synchronization option better than the other in terms of runtime performance. It specifically focuses on the performance of each synchronization method by stripping the model of simulated network topologies and overhead and purely utilizing the synchronization implementations and event scheduler of ns-3. Simulations have been performed across a variety of lookahead values, neighbor selections, and remote traffic percentages, and neighbor connectivity thresholds have been determined that suggest where it is more appropriate to use one option over the other.
大规模离散事件网络模拟的可扩展性和运行时性能已经通过在多个处理器上分散处理工作得到改善,增加了提供的计算能力,同时减少了每次模拟试验的时钟执行时间。流行的网络模拟器ns-3提供了两个在同步实现上不同的分布式框架。本文提供了一些阈值,在这些阈值下,某些选择标准会认为一个同步选项在运行时性能方面优于另一个同步选项。它通过剥离模拟网络拓扑和开销的模型,并纯粹利用ns-3的同步实现和事件调度程序,特别关注每种同步方法的性能。对各种前瞻性值、邻居选择和远程流量百分比进行了模拟,并确定了邻居连接阈值,这些阈值表明在哪些情况下使用一个选项比使用另一个选项更合适。
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引用次数: 2
Novel ns-3 model enabling simulation of electromagnetic wireless underground networks 新型ns-3模型实现电磁无线地下网络仿真
Pub Date : 2015-05-13 DOI: 10.1145/2756509.2756510
Sérgio Conceição, Filipe Ribeiro, R. Campos, M. Ricardo
Wireless Underground Networks (WUNs) have applications such as agriculture, border surveillance, maintenance of playing fields, and infrastructure monitoring. When designing a sensor network for one of these applications some of the sensors (communication nodes) will be buried underground, which means the propagation medium will be the soil or hybrid (air plus soil) in case of one of the nodes is aboveground. Thus, new models have to be implemented in existing simulators, in order to enable the proper simulation of these communications scenarios. This paper presents a new model, named underground model, and discusses its integration into the ns-3 simulator. The underground model enables the simulation of WUNs, including network topologies with underground and aboveground nodes. The accuracy of the underground model is shown for two frequency bands by comparing simulations results with experimental results.
无线地下网络(WUNs)应用于农业、边境监视、运动场维护和基础设施监控等领域。当为这些应用之一设计传感器网络时,一些传感器(通信节点)将被埋在地下,这意味着传播介质将是土壤或混合(空气加土壤),如果其中一个节点在地面上。因此,必须在现有的模拟器中实现新的模型,以便能够正确地模拟这些通信场景。本文提出了一种新的地下模型,并讨论了其在ns-3模拟器中的集成。地下模型可以对WUNs进行仿真,包括地下节点和地上节点的网络拓扑。通过模拟结果与实验结果的比较,验证了地下模型在两个频段的准确性。
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引用次数: 3
Implementation and evaluation of licklider transmission protocol (LTP) in ns-3 ns3中licklider传输协议(LTP)的实现与评估
Pub Date : 2015-05-13 DOI: 10.1145/2756509.2756519
R. Martínez-Vidal, T. Henderson, J. Borrell
This paper provides performance modeling and validation results for the the ns-3 model of the Licklider Transmission Protocol, the standard transport protocol used to provide transmission reliability in Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs). DTNs are an emerging type of network used to provide communications in extreme environments characterized by very long round trip delays and intermittent connectivity. Evaluation of some target environments requires the use of modeling since high-fidelity testbeds can be impractical. To our knowledge, we provide the first LTP model for the ns-3 network simulator. In this paper, through a combination of simulation and real-time emulation, we verify and validate this new model of LTP and show that its performance is in line with previously published performance studies of LTP.
本文给出了Licklider传输协议的ns-3模型的性能建模和验证结果,Licklider传输协议是用于提供延迟容忍网络(DTNs)传输可靠性的标准传输协议。ddn是一种新兴的网络类型,用于在极端环境中提供通信,其特征是非常长的往返延迟和间歇性连接。一些目标环境的评估需要使用建模,因为高保真测试平台可能是不切实际的。据我们所知,我们为ns-3网络模拟器提供了第一个LTP模型。本文通过仿真与实时仿真相结合的方法,对这一新的LTP模型进行了验证和验证,并表明其性能与之前发表的LTP性能研究一致。
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引用次数: 0
On predicting the performance characteristics of the ns-3 distributed simulator for scale-free internet models 无标度网络模型ns-3分布式模拟器性能特性预测研究
Pub Date : 2015-05-13 DOI: 10.1145/2756509.2756522
C. Hood, G. Riley
An inquiry is made into whether or not it is possible to learn a performance characterization which can predict the best way to configure the simulator executive when performing a simulation using the ns-3 network simulator distributed across many CPUs. In testing this inquiry, experiments are run in ns-3 using network topologies generated using BRITE and the total wallclock runtime of the simulation is measured. For each experiment, a set of features is formed which is composed of measurements made prior to the running of the simulation. For each experiment, a binary label is created indicating which simulator executive configuration produced better performance. A linear classifier is then designed which nearly separates the set of experiments by label, indicating that such a performance characterization may exist.
在使用分布在多个cpu上的ns-3网络模拟器执行仿真时,查询是否有可能学习性能表征,以预测配置模拟器执行器的最佳方式。在测试这个查询时,使用使用BRITE生成的网络拓扑在ns-3中运行实验,并测量了模拟的总时钟运行时间。对于每个实验,形成一组特征,这些特征由在模拟运行之前进行的测量组成。对于每个实验,创建一个二进制标签,指示哪个模拟器执行配置产生更好的性能。然后设计了一个线性分类器,它几乎通过标签将实验集分开,表明这样的性能表征可能存在。
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引用次数: 2
Epidemic routing protocol implementation in ns-3 ns-3中的流行病路由协议实现
Pub Date : 2015-05-13 DOI: 10.1145/2756509.2756523
Mohammed J. F. Alenazi, Yufei Cheng, Dongsheng Zhang, J. Sterbenz
Routing protocols play a significant role in the overall performance of ad-hoc wireless networks. Several routing protocols have been proposed for ad hoc environments. Any new proposed protocol should be compared with other routing protocols to show its performance under several scenarios. Epidemic routing was one of the first routing schemes proposed for DTNs (delay-tolerant networks). In this paper, we present our implementation of the epidemic routing protocol in the ns-3 simulator. We analyse its performance and compare with the previous ns-2 implementation. Our analysis conforms the results of the previous ns-2 implementation. Moreover, we compare our epidemic implementation to other MANET routing protocols in a delay tolerant environment and we show that epidemic routing outperforms other MANET routing protocols in terms of packet delivery at the expense of overhead and delay.
路由协议在自组织无线网络的整体性能中起着重要的作用。针对ad hoc环境,已经提出了几种路由协议。任何新提出的路由协议都应该与其他路由协议进行比较,以显示其在几种场景下的性能。流行病路由是最早为容忍延迟网络提出的路由方案之一。本文介绍了在ns-3模拟器中实现流行病路由协议的方法。我们分析了它的性能,并与以前的ns-2实现进行了比较。我们的分析与之前的ns-2实现的结果一致。此外,我们将我们的流行病实现与延迟容忍环境中的其他MANET路由协议进行了比较,并表明流行病路由在以开销和延迟为代价的数据包传输方面优于其他MANET路由协议。
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引用次数: 24
Performance comparison of a custom emulation-based test environment against a real-world LTE testbed 基于仿真的自定义测试环境与实际LTE测试平台的性能比较
Pub Date : 2015-05-13 DOI: 10.1145/2756509.2756517
Sergio M. Sakai, Gilberto Gambugge, Ricardo Takaki, Jorge Seki, J. Bazzo, J. P. Miranda
Notwithstanding the value of Long Term Evolution (LTE) towards an improved user experience in next-generation networks, its associated high complexity is known to place computational and time burdens on testing tasks involving real-world platforms. Simulation is currently the tool most widely used to tackle this issue. LENA, for instance, is an open source simulator based on ns-3 that allows the design, evaluation, and validation of LTE networks. Despite of modeling the main LTE elements and interfaces, one limitation of LENA is that it docs not support the use of external traffic entities in conjunction with the simulation. In this paper, we describe how the ns-3 LENA LTE framework can be customized for use in an emulation-based test environment that allows a wider variety of real-world applications to be run over the simulated links. To validate our emulation results, we use as benchmark a testbed that differs from the aforementioned test environment in that the ns-3 server running the simulated network is replaced with a network made up of real-world platforms. Initial validation results, based on limited tests using an industry-standard VoIP test tool and iperf throughput tool, demonstrate that ns-3 LTE models can deliver voice quality and latency as good as an experimental testbed using actual LTE equipment over a range of signal-to-noise ratios. Similar conclusions arc also drawn for throughput, thus confirming the suitability of our emulation approach as a viable means to predict performance in real LTE networks. The good agreement of our experimental results is possible not only because the same functionality is implemented in both experiments but due to the use of the same traffic generation tools in the simulated and real-world LTE networks not -- possible in standard LENA simulation.
尽管长期演进(LTE)对改善下一代网络的用户体验具有价值,但众所周知,其相关的高复杂性会给涉及现实世界平台的测试任务带来计算和时间负担。仿真是目前解决这个问题最广泛使用的工具。例如,LENA是一个基于ns-3的开源模拟器,允许LTE网络的设计、评估和验证。尽管对主要LTE元素和接口进行了建模,LENA的一个限制是它不支持将外部流量实体与仿真结合使用。在本文中,我们描述了如何定制ns-3 LENA LTE框架,以便在基于仿真的测试环境中使用,该环境允许在模拟链路上运行更广泛的实际应用程序。为了验证我们的仿真结果,我们使用一个测试平台作为基准,该测试平台与前面提到的测试环境不同,因为运行模拟网络的ns-3服务器被替换为由实际平台组成的网络。基于使用行业标准VoIP测试工具和iperf吞吐量工具进行的有限测试,初步验证结果表明,ns-3 LTE模型可以在一定信噪比范围内提供与使用实际LTE设备的实验测试平台一样好的语音质量和延迟。对于吞吐量也得出了类似的结论,从而证实了我们的仿真方法作为预测实际LTE网络性能的可行手段的适用性。我们的实验结果的良好一致性是可能的,不仅因为在两个实验中实现了相同的功能,而且由于在模拟和实际LTE网络中使用了相同的流量生成工具,这在标准LENA模拟中是不可能的。
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引用次数: 9
Improving per processor memory use of ns-3 to enable large scale simulations 改进ns-3的每个处理器内存使用,以支持大规模模拟
Pub Date : 2015-05-13 DOI: 10.1145/2756509.2756526
Steven G. Smith, D. Jefferson, P. Barnes, S. Nikolaev
In this paper we describe enhancements to improve the scaling of the ns-3 simulator for large problem sizes. The ns-3 simulator has a parallel capability however the current implementation instantiates the entire network topology on all ranks (processors). This restricts the problem sizes that could be run. We describe an approach to removing this limitation by distributing the network topology across ranks such that each rank only holds a part of the network topology. Performance studies were conducted to investigate the scaling performance of the modified ns-3 simulator.
在本文中,我们描述了改进ns-3模拟器在大问题规模下的扩展。ns-3模拟器具有并行能力,但是当前的实现在所有级别(处理器)上实例化整个网络拓扑。这限制了可以运行的问题大小。我们描述了一种消除这种限制的方法,通过跨等级分布网络拓扑,使每个等级只包含网络拓扑的一部分。对改进后的ns-3模拟器的缩放性能进行了性能研究。
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引用次数: 7
Implementation of stateless transport protocols in ns-3 ns-3中无状态传输协议的实现
Pub Date : 2015-05-13 DOI: 10.1145/2756509.2756521
D. Chalyy
Development of transport protocols has received a great deal of attention of network research community at several past decades. One of the general directions of such an effort was to improve a congestion control mechanism of the TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) which is tightly bounded with other components of the protocol responsible, for example, for robust delivery of data and loss detection. Such a solid architecture complicates innovations in this area and leads to inefficient or misleading functioning in different network settings. Last decade has shown the emergence of new communication paradigms such as cloud computing, software-defined networks, sensor networks, fog networks etc. Thus, rethinking architecture of the transport protocol can be useful to comply new demands. The standard TCP approach tics the transport connection to its endpoints however approaching network applications in new network settings may demand more flexible and transparent data transfer. For example, in cloud computing architectures, servers can dynamically power on or shutdown and such a behavior must be transparent for clients. This can be difficult or even impossible to achieve if the transport protocol's state is distributed between both sides of the connection. We consider a protocol called the Trickles, which is one of the first efforts to migrate all connection state to one endpoint, allows its counterpart to operate without any per-connection state. In this paper we describe the architecture of the model of such a stateless protocol and describe a framework which can be used to model such protocols in ns-3. Another contribution of the paper is an approach based on ideas of literate programming to achieve reproducible results of analysis of network protocols.
在过去的几十年里,传输协议的发展受到了网络研究界的极大关注。这种努力的一般方向之一是改进TCP(传输控制协议)的拥塞控制机制,该机制与协议的其他组件紧密结合,例如,用于健壮的数据传递和丢失检测。这种坚实的架构使该领域的创新复杂化,并导致在不同的网络设置中效率低下或具有误导性的功能。过去十年出现了云计算、软件定义网络、传感器网络、雾网络等新的通信模式。因此,重新考虑传输协议的体系结构有助于满足新的需求。标准的TCP方法将传输连接连接到其端点,但是在新的网络设置中接近网络应用程序可能需要更灵活和透明的数据传输。例如,在云计算架构中,服务器可以动态地打开或关闭电源,这样的行为必须对客户机透明。如果传输协议的状态在连接的双方之间分布,这可能很难甚至不可能实现。我们考虑一种称为Trickles的协议,它是将所有连接状态迁移到一个端点的首批努力之一,它允许其对应的协议在没有任何连接状态的情况下运行。本文描述了这种无状态协议模型的体系结构,并描述了一个可用于ns-3中对这种协议建模的框架。本文的另一个贡献是一种基于识字编程思想的方法来实现网络协议分析的可重复结果。
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引用次数: 0
RoutesMobilityModel: easy realistic mobility simulation using external information services RoutesMobilityModel:使用外部信息服务的简单逼真的移动模拟
Pub Date : 2015-05-13 DOI: 10.1145/2756509.2756515
T. Cerqueira, M. Albano
The current implementation of ns-3 provides only synthetic mobility models that disregard the map where the nodes are moving, however, the study of vehicular ad-hoc networks requires the usage of more realistic mobility models. The usage of mobility traces created by traffic simulators such as SUMO is feasible, however, these simulators possess a steep learning curve, which prevents their fruition for most researchers whose research focus and expertise are on the data communication layer. This paper presents a mobility model that generates realistic mobility traces that take into account the underlying maps, while maintaining the ease of usage that characterizes the synthetic mobility models. The module described herein is compared against SUMO and against the ns3::RandomWaypointMobilityModel of network simulator 3, to analyze the trade-off it implements in terms of realism and ease of usage.
目前ns-3的实现只提供了综合的移动性模型,忽略了节点移动的地图,然而,车辆自组织网络的研究需要使用更现实的移动性模型。使用交通模拟器(如SUMO)创建的移动轨迹是可行的,然而,这些模拟器具有陡峭的学习曲线,这阻碍了大多数研究重点和专业知识集中在数据通信层的研究人员的成果。本文提出了一个移动性模型,该模型生成了考虑到底层地图的真实移动性轨迹,同时保持了综合移动性模型特征的易用性。本文所描述的模块与SUMO和网络模拟器3的ns3::RandomWaypointMobilityModel进行了比较,以分析其在真实感和易用性方面实现的权衡。
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引用次数: 16
Automating ns-3 experimentation in multi-host scenarios 在多主机场景中自动化ns-3实验
Pub Date : 2015-05-13 DOI: 10.1145/2756509.2756513
Alina Quereilhac, D. Saucez, T. Turletti, W. Dabbous
ns-3 is a flexible simulator whose capabilities go beyond running purely synthetic simulations in a local desktop. Due to its ability to run unmodified Linux applications and to exchange traffic with live networks, ns-3 can be combined with live hosts to run distributed simulations or to transparently integrate live and simulated networks. Nevertheless, ns-3 multi-host experiment scenarios require considerable manual work and system administration. The NEPI experiment management framework automates deployment, execution, and result collection of experiment scenarios. In this paper we describe the internals of the NEPI framework that provides support for automation of ns-3 experiments, and demonstrate its usage for ns-3 multihost scenarios with three example cases: a) running parallel simulations on a cluster of hosts, b) running distributed simulations spanning multiple hosts, and c) integrating live and simulated networks.
Ns-3是一个灵活的模拟器,其功能超越了在本地桌面上运行纯粹的合成模拟。由于ns-3能够运行未经修改的Linux应用程序并与实时网络交换流量,因此ns-3可以与实时主机结合使用,以运行分布式模拟,或者透明地集成实时和模拟网络。然而,ns-3多主机实验场景需要大量的手工工作和系统管理。NEPI实验管理框架自动化了实验场景的部署、执行和结果收集。本文描述了为ns-3实验自动化提供支持的NEPI框架的内部结构,并通过三个示例案例演示了其在ns-3多主机场景中的使用:a)在主机集群上运行并行模拟,b)在多主机上运行分布式模拟,以及c)集成实时和模拟网络。
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引用次数: 6
期刊
Proceedings of the 2015 Workshop on ns-3
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