Pub Date : 2001-10-01DOI: 10.1080/10248070108903699
P. Yi, T. A. Flickinger, John Lu, L. Klein, S. Dissanayake
High-speed intersections can substantially impact the safety of the public and the efficiency of the intersection if not designed properly. Although advance detectors are used to respond to varying traffic demands, most detectors in use today consist of inductive loops permanently placed under the surface of the pavement and located according to the roadway design speed. Because the location and size of a dilemma zone vary depending on traffic and roadway conditions, permanent placement of detectors offers limited dilemma zone protection. This research looks into a relocatable detector concept as an alternative solution to providing dilemma zone
{"title":"RELOCATABLE DETECTOR CONCEPT FOR DILEMMA ZONE PROTECTION AT HIGH-SPEED INTERSECTIONS","authors":"P. Yi, T. A. Flickinger, John Lu, L. Klein, S. Dissanayake","doi":"10.1080/10248070108903699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10248070108903699","url":null,"abstract":"High-speed intersections can substantially impact the safety of the public and the efficiency of the intersection if not designed properly. Although advance detectors are used to respond to varying traffic demands, most detectors in use today consist of inductive loops permanently placed under the surface of the pavement and located according to the roadway design speed. Because the location and size of a dilemma zone vary depending on traffic and roadway conditions, permanent placement of detectors offers limited dilemma zone protection. This research looks into a relocatable detector concept as an alternative solution to providing dilemma zone","PeriodicalId":273303,"journal":{"name":"ITS Journal - Intelligent Transportation Systems Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128547800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-10-01DOI: 10.1080/10248070108903700
Der-Horng Lee, D. Boyce, B. Janson
An analytical-based dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) model intended for off-line analysis and evaluation of non-recurring lane-blocking events is proposed. Formulated as a variational inequality (VI), this model solves an ideal dynamic user-optimal (DUO) route choice problem. A diagonalization algorithm is proposed to solve the model to a prespecified convergence using a targe-scale, real-life traffic network. Adjustments of link capacities triggered by external lane-blocking events and internal modeled traffic phenomena are explicitly considered in the solution algorithm to capture queue formation and dissipation. The proposed solution procedure approximates route choices based on anticipatory and non-anticipatory traffic
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF LANE-BLOCKING EVENTS WITH AN ANALYTICAL DYNAMIC TRAFFIC ASSIGNMENT MODEL","authors":"Der-Horng Lee, D. Boyce, B. Janson","doi":"10.1080/10248070108903700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10248070108903700","url":null,"abstract":"An analytical-based dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) model intended for off-line analysis and evaluation of non-recurring lane-blocking events is proposed. Formulated as a variational inequality (VI), this model solves an ideal dynamic user-optimal (DUO) route choice problem. A diagonalization algorithm is proposed to solve the model to a prespecified convergence using a targe-scale, real-life traffic network. Adjustments of link capacities triggered by external lane-blocking events and internal modeled traffic phenomena are explicitly considered in the solution algorithm to capture queue formation and dissipation. The proposed solution procedure approximates route choices based on anticipatory and non-anticipatory traffic","PeriodicalId":273303,"journal":{"name":"ITS Journal - Intelligent Transportation Systems Journal","volume":"279 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123146663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-10-01DOI: 10.1080/10248070108903701
H. Lo, W. Y. Szeto
As part of Advanced Transportation Information Systems (ATIS), route planning and guidance (RPG) services have been proposed for potential travel time savings and congestion reduction effects. This study extends previous studies by investigating their effect on consumer surplus and analyzing the tradeoff between network capacity expansions versus RPG services subsidy. Eventually, we analyze whether and to what extent can RPG services substitute network expansion. To answer these questions, this paper develops a mixed-equilibrium model for elastic travel demand and elastic market penetration of RPG services. Drivers are assumed to follow the stochastic user equilibrium conditions, with the drivers equipped with RPG services having lower travel time perception variations. This model is formulated as a nonlinear complementarity problem for exposition clarity and is solved as a variational inequality problem for efficiency, A numerical study is provided to demonstrate the approach.
{"title":"ADVANCED TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION SYSTEMS: A COST-EFFECTIVE ALTERNATIVE FOR NETWORK CAPACITY EXPANSION?","authors":"H. Lo, W. Y. Szeto","doi":"10.1080/10248070108903701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10248070108903701","url":null,"abstract":"As part of Advanced Transportation Information Systems (ATIS), route planning and guidance (RPG) services have been proposed for potential travel time savings and congestion reduction effects. This study extends previous studies by investigating their effect on consumer surplus and analyzing the tradeoff between network capacity expansions versus RPG services subsidy. Eventually, we analyze whether and to what extent can RPG services substitute network expansion. To answer these questions, this paper develops a mixed-equilibrium model for elastic travel demand and elastic market penetration of RPG services. Drivers are assumed to follow the stochastic user equilibrium conditions, with the drivers equipped with RPG services having lower travel time perception variations. This model is formulated as a nonlinear complementarity problem for exposition clarity and is solved as a variational inequality problem for efficiency, A numerical study is provided to demonstrate the approach.","PeriodicalId":273303,"journal":{"name":"ITS Journal - Intelligent Transportation Systems Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127367020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-10-01DOI: 10.1080/10248070108903698
D. Lovell
This paper uses simulation methods to investigate the accuracy of vehicle speed measurements derived from anonymous tracking of cellular phone calls. In particular, these measurements are tested for their sensitivity to positioning algorithm (an angle-angle and an angle-hyperbola system are tested, both engineered to a level of accuracy consistent with FCC requirements for Extended-911 use), angle-of-arrival accuracy, time-difference-of-arrival accuracy, sample size, variance of true vehicle speeds, and sampling distance. The results suggest that such a surveillance system would be capable of stratifying observed vehicle speeds (and congestion levels, insofar as one is a predictor of the other) into at least three categories, such as low, medium, and high. While many other parameters and error sources can and should be investigated, individually and jointly, these results provide a qualitative foundation for a more thorough investigation of the efficacy of such systems.
{"title":"ACCURACY OF SPEED MEASUREMENTS FROM CELLULAR PHONE VEHICLE LOCATION SYSTEMS","authors":"D. Lovell","doi":"10.1080/10248070108903698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10248070108903698","url":null,"abstract":"This paper uses simulation methods to investigate the accuracy of vehicle speed measurements derived from anonymous tracking of cellular phone calls. In particular, these measurements are tested for their sensitivity to positioning algorithm (an angle-angle and an angle-hyperbola system are tested, both engineered to a level of accuracy consistent with FCC requirements for Extended-911 use), angle-of-arrival accuracy, time-difference-of-arrival accuracy, sample size, variance of true vehicle speeds, and sampling distance. The results suggest that such a surveillance system would be capable of stratifying observed vehicle speeds (and congestion levels, insofar as one is a predictor of the other) into at least three categories, such as low, medium, and high. While many other parameters and error sources can and should be investigated, individually and jointly, these results provide a qualitative foundation for a more thorough investigation of the efficacy of such systems.","PeriodicalId":273303,"journal":{"name":"ITS Journal - Intelligent Transportation Systems Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121718778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-01-01DOI: 10.1080/10248070108903689
H.-S. Jacob Tsao
Because Intelligeni Transportation Systems (ITS) R&D is performed for the ultimate depolyment in the real world, deployment issues may limit design options for ITS operating concepts and technologies and, hence, can be viewed as constraints on ITS R&D. Therefore, ITS deployment issues must be studied at the outset of the R&D process. This paper develops a framework to help anticipate, recognize and organize such issues. The findings can be used by ITS researchers in developing deployable ITS operating concepts and the enabling technologies and by ITS promoters in deploying ITS operating concepts and technologies having been developed already. Based on a focus on decisions and decision makers impacting the deployment of ITS user services, we attempt to“derive”the issue dimensions of such a framework. The resulting eight dimensions of ITS deployment issues are: need, solution/opportunity, decision maker, decision making, decision influencing, time, risk management, and synergy.
{"title":"A Framework for Evaluating Deployment Strategies for Intelligent Transportation Systems","authors":"H.-S. Jacob Tsao","doi":"10.1080/10248070108903689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10248070108903689","url":null,"abstract":"Because Intelligeni Transportation Systems (ITS) R&D is performed for the ultimate depolyment in the real world, deployment issues may limit design options for ITS operating concepts and technologies and, hence, can be viewed as constraints on ITS R&D. Therefore, ITS deployment issues must be studied at the outset of the R&D process. This paper develops a framework to help anticipate, recognize and organize such issues. The findings can be used by ITS researchers in developing deployable ITS operating concepts and the enabling technologies and by ITS promoters in deploying ITS operating concepts and technologies having been developed already. Based on a focus on decisions and decision makers impacting the deployment of ITS user services, we attempt to“derive”the issue dimensions of such a framework. The resulting eight dimensions of ITS deployment issues are: need, solution/opportunity, decision maker, decision making, decision influencing, time, risk management, and synergy.","PeriodicalId":273303,"journal":{"name":"ITS Journal - Intelligent Transportation Systems Journal","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116582849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-01-01DOI: 10.1080/10248070108903696
Shou-Ren Hu, S. Madanat, J. Krogmeier, S. Peeta
The purpose of this research was to develop a dynamic model for the on-line estimation and prediction of freeway users’ origin-destination (OD) matrices. In this paper, we present a Kalman Filtering algorithm that uses time-varying assignment matrices generated by using a mesoscopic traffic simulator. The use of a traffic simulator to predict time-varying travel time model parameters was shown to be promising for the determination of dynamic OD matrices for a freeway system. Moreover, the issues of using time-varying model parameters, effects of incorporating different sources of measurements and the use of adaptive estimation are addressed and investigated in this research.
{"title":"Estimation of Dynamic Assignment Matrices and OD Demands Using Adaptive Kalman Filtering","authors":"Shou-Ren Hu, S. Madanat, J. Krogmeier, S. Peeta","doi":"10.1080/10248070108903696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10248070108903696","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research was to develop a dynamic model for the on-line estimation and prediction of freeway users’ origin-destination (OD) matrices. In this paper, we present a Kalman Filtering algorithm that uses time-varying assignment matrices generated by using a mesoscopic traffic simulator. The use of a traffic simulator to predict time-varying travel time model parameters was shown to be promising for the determination of dynamic OD matrices for a freeway system. Moreover, the issues of using time-varying model parameters, effects of incorporating different sources of measurements and the use of adaptive estimation are addressed and investigated in this research.","PeriodicalId":273303,"journal":{"name":"ITS Journal - Intelligent Transportation Systems Journal","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127664847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-01-01DOI: 10.1080/10248070108903688
T. K. Sung, S. Myoung
In metropolitan areas, intersections having turn prohibitions are often found and should be taken into account in path planning. This paper presents a new path planning method for road networks having turn prohibitions. A road network model is proposed in which alternative routes for turn-prohibitions are prepared using U-turns or P-turns, The proposed network model is efficient since it requires no additional virtual nodes that are usually used in the conventional road networks to represent turns at intersections. In order to find a shortest path with the proposed network, a new shortest path algorithm is proposed. A knot for the turn-prohibited node is newly defined and is utilized to compare the cost of the alternative route to that of the other path. A number of experiments were performed on a real road network. Experimental results show that both the database size and the computation time of the proposed scheme are less than half of the conventional path planning method.
{"title":"A Path Planning Method for Road Networks Having Turn Prohibitions","authors":"T. K. Sung, S. Myoung","doi":"10.1080/10248070108903688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10248070108903688","url":null,"abstract":"In metropolitan areas, intersections having turn prohibitions are often found and should be taken into account in path planning. This paper presents a new path planning method for road networks having turn prohibitions. A road network model is proposed in which alternative routes for turn-prohibitions are prepared using U-turns or P-turns, The proposed network model is efficient since it requires no additional virtual nodes that are usually used in the conventional road networks to represent turns at intersections. In order to find a shortest path with the proposed network, a new shortest path algorithm is proposed. A knot for the turn-prohibited node is newly defined and is utilized to compare the cost of the alternative route to that of the other path. A number of experiments were performed on a real road network. Experimental results show that both the database size and the computation time of the proposed scheme are less than half of the conventional path planning method.","PeriodicalId":273303,"journal":{"name":"ITS Journal - Intelligent Transportation Systems Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132418546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-01-01DOI: 10.1080/10248070108903690
R. Hall, Chen Li
Automated highway systems are envisioned to provide capacity improvements over conventional highways by controlling vehicle trajectories and regulating entrance, egress and lane-changing. This paper examines the entrance process with mixed vehicle classes and prioritization on an AHS with plalooning, Queueing statistics are estimated for different prioritization schemes, which account for vehicle size and spacing characteristics. Experiments indicate that capacity is increased substantially, and queueing is reduced substantially, when priority is given to vehicles that fall in the same class as the platoon that precedes the current gap in the right-hand lane of the highway.
{"title":"Evaluation of Priority Rules for Entrance to Automated Highways","authors":"R. Hall, Chen Li","doi":"10.1080/10248070108903690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10248070108903690","url":null,"abstract":"Automated highway systems are envisioned to provide capacity improvements over conventional highways by controlling vehicle trajectories and regulating entrance, egress and lane-changing. This paper examines the entrance process with mixed vehicle classes and prioritization on an AHS with plalooning, Queueing statistics are estimated for different prioritization schemes, which account for vehicle size and spacing characteristics. Experiments indicate that capacity is increased substantially, and queueing is reduced substantially, when priority is given to vehicles that fall in the same class as the platoon that precedes the current gap in the right-hand lane of the highway.","PeriodicalId":273303,"journal":{"name":"ITS Journal - Intelligent Transportation Systems Journal","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122848304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-01-01DOI: 10.1080/10248070108903687
S. Bouchafa, D. Aubert, L. Beheim, A. Sadji
The purpose of our study is to provide an automatic tool for the detection of abnormal individual or crowd motion in subway corridors, in particular counterflows in one way corridors. First, we developed a motion estimation method that takes into account two difficulties: real time constraint and non-rigid moving objects (the pedestrians). We chose three techniques, for this purpose. Each belongs to a specific class of methods. These are block matching (matching technique), optical flow (differential technique) and Gabor filtering (frequential technique). We then attempted to improve both the speed and performance of each algorithm. As a result, we produced a very efficient optical flow technique. The obtained motion vectors were then filtered and used for the construction of motion trajectories. The trajectories were finally used to detect counterflows.
{"title":"Automatic Counterflow Detection in Subway Corridors by Image Processing","authors":"S. Bouchafa, D. Aubert, L. Beheim, A. Sadji","doi":"10.1080/10248070108903687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10248070108903687","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of our study is to provide an automatic tool for the detection of abnormal individual or crowd motion in subway corridors, in particular counterflows in one way corridors. First, we developed a motion estimation method that takes into account two difficulties: real time constraint and non-rigid moving objects (the pedestrians). We chose three techniques, for this purpose. Each belongs to a specific class of methods. These are block matching (matching technique), optical flow (differential technique) and Gabor filtering (frequential technique). We then attempted to improve both the speed and performance of each algorithm. As a result, we produced a very efficient optical flow technique. The obtained motion vectors were then filtered and used for the construction of motion trajectories. The trajectories were finally used to detect counterflows.","PeriodicalId":273303,"journal":{"name":"ITS Journal - Intelligent Transportation Systems Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127114285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-01-01DOI: 10.1080/10248070108903695
D. Eby, L. Molnar
The primary purpose of this study was to better understand US travelers’ route guidance information preferences for Advanced Traveler Information Systems (AT1S) for tourist automobile trips in unfamiliar areas. A secondary purpose was to better understand, more generally, information needs and preferences of tourists in order to develop guidelines for designing ATIS that is specific for driving tourists. Data on information needs and preferences were collected through a mail-back questionnaire survey of US adult residents. Among other topics, the questionnaire asked respondents about their preferences for various types of route guidance information. These data are reported here. Survey respondents gave positive ratings to all nine types of route guidance information investigated in the study, including selecting best route to destination, travel routes shown on map, road conditions, traffic congestion on route, presence of construction, weather conditions, time or distance on route, options/recommendations for alternate routes, and identification of scenic byways. Differences in preferences by sex, age, education, and income are discussed and guidelines for ATIS development, specific to route guidance, are presented.
{"title":"In-Vehicle Route Guidance Preferences of Driving Tourists","authors":"D. Eby, L. Molnar","doi":"10.1080/10248070108903695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10248070108903695","url":null,"abstract":"The primary purpose of this study was to better understand US travelers’ route guidance information preferences for Advanced Traveler Information Systems (AT1S) for tourist automobile trips in unfamiliar areas. A secondary purpose was to better understand, more generally, information needs and preferences of tourists in order to develop guidelines for designing ATIS that is specific for driving tourists. Data on information needs and preferences were collected through a mail-back questionnaire survey of US adult residents. Among other topics, the questionnaire asked respondents about their preferences for various types of route guidance information. These data are reported here. Survey respondents gave positive ratings to all nine types of route guidance information investigated in the study, including selecting best route to destination, travel routes shown on map, road conditions, traffic congestion on route, presence of construction, weather conditions, time or distance on route, options/recommendations for alternate routes, and identification of scenic byways. Differences in preferences by sex, age, education, and income are discussed and guidelines for ATIS development, specific to route guidance, are presented.","PeriodicalId":273303,"journal":{"name":"ITS Journal - Intelligent Transportation Systems Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133925091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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