Pub Date : 2009-11-03DOI: 10.1109/IMWS2.2009.5307895
M. Mahfouz, A. Fathy, M. Kuhn, Yahzou Wang
Since the ruling of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the United States to open up the spectrum from 3.1–10.6 GHz for ultra wideband (UWB) applications in 2002, interest in the use of UWB for localization outside of military applications has skyrocketed. The multi-purpose nature of UWB for localization and also high or low data rate communication make it robust and attractive in many indoor applications including wireless sensor networks, medical body area networks (BANs), surgical navigation, etc. A push towards integrating UWB with global positioning systems (GPS), wireless local area networks (WLANs), Wi-Fi, and inertial measurement units (IMUs) help to mitigate localization errors with redundancy and increase interoperability with existing technologies. A look at the current trends both in the research community and industry highlight future applications of UWB positioning and the technologies which will serve as the building blocks in these systems.
{"title":"Recent trends and advances in UWB positioning","authors":"M. Mahfouz, A. Fathy, M. Kuhn, Yahzou Wang","doi":"10.1109/IMWS2.2009.5307895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMWS2.2009.5307895","url":null,"abstract":"Since the ruling of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the United States to open up the spectrum from 3.1–10.6 GHz for ultra wideband (UWB) applications in 2002, interest in the use of UWB for localization outside of military applications has skyrocketed. The multi-purpose nature of UWB for localization and also high or low data rate communication make it robust and attractive in many indoor applications including wireless sensor networks, medical body area networks (BANs), surgical navigation, etc. A push towards integrating UWB with global positioning systems (GPS), wireless local area networks (WLANs), Wi-Fi, and inertial measurement units (IMUs) help to mitigate localization errors with redundancy and increase interoperability with existing technologies. A look at the current trends both in the research community and industry highlight future applications of UWB positioning and the technologies which will serve as the building blocks in these systems.","PeriodicalId":273435,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop on Wireless Sensing, Local Positioning, and RFID","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121038062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-03DOI: 10.1109/IMWS2.2009.5307878
M. Pichler, S. Schwarzer, A. Stelzer, M. Vossiek
In an ever-increasing number of wireless communications applications the measurement of positions of transmitters distributed in space is desired. Demands on low cost and power consumption make solutions that allow positioning with existing communications hardware during the process of data transmission particularly interesting. In this paper we discuss a method for using IEEE 802.15.4 (ZigBee) transmitter nodes with a special frequency-hopping scheme for this purpose and show the insensitivity of this method to transmitter motion mathematically as well as by exemplary simulations and measurements.
{"title":"Positioning with moving IEEE 802.15.4 (ZigBee) transponders","authors":"M. Pichler, S. Schwarzer, A. Stelzer, M. Vossiek","doi":"10.1109/IMWS2.2009.5307878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMWS2.2009.5307878","url":null,"abstract":"In an ever-increasing number of wireless communications applications the measurement of positions of transmitters distributed in space is desired. Demands on low cost and power consumption make solutions that allow positioning with existing communications hardware during the process of data transmission particularly interesting. In this paper we discuss a method for using IEEE 802.15.4 (ZigBee) transmitter nodes with a special frequency-hopping scheme for this purpose and show the insensitivity of this method to transmitter motion mathematically as well as by exemplary simulations and measurements.","PeriodicalId":273435,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop on Wireless Sensing, Local Positioning, and RFID","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122603112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-03DOI: 10.1109/IMWS2.2009.5307882
E. Mayer, I. Shrena, D. Eisele, J. Bardong, M. Schmitt, L. Reindl
For langasite, a piezocrystal used as substrate material for SAW-based ID tags and sensors operating at high temperatures, the parameters of SAW propagation have been determined as a function of temperature. These parameters are the phase velocity, propagation loss, and electromechanical coupling coefficient. Two crystal cuts have been studied, with Euler angles (0°, 138.5°, 26.6°) and (0°, 30.2°, 26.6°). The SAW parameters were obtained from the measurements of transfer functions for delay lines on langasite chips at frequencies ranging from 150 MHz to 1 GHz and at temperatures from room temperature up to 750°C
{"title":"Characterization of langasite as a material for SAW based RFID and sensing systems at high temperatures","authors":"E. Mayer, I. Shrena, D. Eisele, J. Bardong, M. Schmitt, L. Reindl","doi":"10.1109/IMWS2.2009.5307882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMWS2.2009.5307882","url":null,"abstract":"For langasite, a piezocrystal used as substrate material for SAW-based ID tags and sensors operating at high temperatures, the parameters of SAW propagation have been determined as a function of temperature. These parameters are the phase velocity, propagation loss, and electromechanical coupling coefficient. Two crystal cuts have been studied, with Euler angles (0°, 138.5°, 26.6°) and (0°, 30.2°, 26.6°). The SAW parameters were obtained from the measurements of transfer functions for delay lines on langasite chips at frequencies ranging from 150 MHz to 1 GHz and at temperatures from room temperature up to 750°C","PeriodicalId":273435,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop on Wireless Sensing, Local Positioning, and RFID","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114729673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-03DOI: 10.1109/IMWS2.2009.5307866
J. Essel, D. Brenk, J. Heidrich, R. Weigel
The passive radio frequency identification (RFID) presents a key technology for unattended wireless networks. To achieve a higher reading range and to improve the operational reliability of passive RFID tags, the design of integrated circuits with an ultra low power consumption and novel concepts for high-efficiency energy harvesting are required. This paper presents a highly efficient analog frontend for passive UHF RFID transponders. This frontend includes a multistage Schottky rectifier, a backscatter modulator, an ASK demodulator, a current reference source, and power limiting circuits. These building blocks are implemented in a 0.14 µm CMOS technology. The measured overall RF-to-DC conversion efficiency of the analog frontend for a DC output power of 10 µW (1V and 10 µA) is about 20%. The DC power consumption of the analog building blocks is about 1 µW for a supply voltage of 1V.
无源射频识别(RFID)是无人值守无线网络的一项关键技术。为了实现更高的读取范围和提高无源RFID标签的运行可靠性，需要设计具有超低功耗的集成电路和高效能量收集的新概念。本文提出了一种用于无源超高频RFID应答器的高效模拟前端。该前端包括一个多级肖特基整流器、一个后向散射调制器、一个ASK解调器、一个电流参考源和功率限制电路。这些构建模块采用0.14 μ m CMOS技术实现。在直流输出功率为10 μ W (1V和10 μ a)的情况下，模拟前端的RF-to-DC转换效率约为20%。当电源电压为1V时，模拟模块的直流功耗约为1µW。
{"title":"A highly efficient UHF RFID frontend approach","authors":"J. Essel, D. Brenk, J. Heidrich, R. Weigel","doi":"10.1109/IMWS2.2009.5307866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMWS2.2009.5307866","url":null,"abstract":"The passive radio frequency identification (RFID) presents a key technology for unattended wireless networks. To achieve a higher reading range and to improve the operational reliability of passive RFID tags, the design of integrated circuits with an ultra low power consumption and novel concepts for high-efficiency energy harvesting are required. This paper presents a highly efficient analog frontend for passive UHF RFID transponders. This frontend includes a multistage Schottky rectifier, a backscatter modulator, an ASK demodulator, a current reference source, and power limiting circuits. These building blocks are implemented in a 0.14 µm CMOS technology. The measured overall RF-to-DC conversion efficiency of the analog frontend for a DC output power of 10 µW (1V and 10 µA) is about 20%. The DC power consumption of the analog building blocks is about 1 µW for a supply voltage of 1V.","PeriodicalId":273435,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop on Wireless Sensing, Local Positioning, and RFID","volume":"1270 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132351752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-03DOI: 10.1109/IMWS2.2009.5307868
A. Koelpin, Benedikt Pape, R. Weigel
In this paper a new strategy for designing dualband composite right and left handed (CRLH) structures based on lumped elements is introduced. By using the presented formulars the desired metamaterial devices become easily scalable to arbitrary frequencies as the parasitic elements of the lumped components are considered resulting in three design guidelines. The practical use is shown by a dualband branch line coupler and a Wilkinson power divider operating at 2.5 GHz and 5.25 GHz.
{"title":"Introducing new design guidelines for dualband CRLH structures formed by transmission lines and lumped components","authors":"A. Koelpin, Benedikt Pape, R. Weigel","doi":"10.1109/IMWS2.2009.5307868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMWS2.2009.5307868","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a new strategy for designing dualband composite right and left handed (CRLH) structures based on lumped elements is introduced. By using the presented formulars the desired metamaterial devices become easily scalable to arbitrary frequencies as the parasitic elements of the lumped components are considered resulting in three design guidelines. The practical use is shown by a dualband branch line coupler and a Wilkinson power divider operating at 2.5 GHz and 5.25 GHz.","PeriodicalId":273435,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop on Wireless Sensing, Local Positioning, and RFID","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131831166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-03DOI: 10.1109/IMWS2.2009.5307893
R. Pfeil, Stefan Dipl.-Ing. Schuster, P. Scherz, A. Stelzer, G. Stelzhammer
Precise position estimation has always been a challenging but highly requested task in many technical problems. The time-difference of arrival (TDOA) based local position measurement system LPM uses the well-known Bancroft algorithm, which computes a closed-form solution to the non-linear range measurement equations. A critical issue of this computation method is that outliers in the measurements will decrease the quality of the position estimate significantly. In this contribution a least median of squares (LMS) algorithm for position estimation is developed which delivers an appropriate position estimate even if the raw data contain corrupted measurements.
{"title":"A robust position estimation algorithm for a local positioning measurement system","authors":"R. Pfeil, Stefan Dipl.-Ing. Schuster, P. Scherz, A. Stelzer, G. Stelzhammer","doi":"10.1109/IMWS2.2009.5307893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMWS2.2009.5307893","url":null,"abstract":"Precise position estimation has always been a challenging but highly requested task in many technical problems. The time-difference of arrival (TDOA) based local position measurement system LPM uses the well-known Bancroft algorithm, which computes a closed-form solution to the non-linear range measurement equations. A critical issue of this computation method is that outliers in the measurements will decrease the quality of the position estimate significantly. In this contribution a least median of squares (LMS) algorithm for position estimation is developed which delivers an appropriate position estimate even if the raw data contain corrupted measurements.","PeriodicalId":273435,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop on Wireless Sensing, Local Positioning, and RFID","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117226595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-03DOI: 10.1109/IMWS2.2009.5307892
R. Zetik, O. Hirsch, R. Thoma
This paper analyses the performance of Kalman filter based algorithms for tracking of a moving person observed by UWB sensors in an indoor environment. It is shown that known tracking algorithms cannot correctly cope with sudden changes - maneuvers - in the movement of the localized person. The article proposes a new algorithm. It combines the input selection approach, which treats maneuvers as non-random variables, with the maneuver detection that is known e.g. in the approach with adjustable noise level. A simulated example compares performance of selected tracking algorithms. It demonstrates that the proposed algorithm outperforms known tracking algorithms.
{"title":"Kalman filter based tracking of moving persons using UWB sensors","authors":"R. Zetik, O. Hirsch, R. Thoma","doi":"10.1109/IMWS2.2009.5307892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMWS2.2009.5307892","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses the performance of Kalman filter based algorithms for tracking of a moving person observed by UWB sensors in an indoor environment. It is shown that known tracking algorithms cannot correctly cope with sudden changes - maneuvers - in the movement of the localized person. The article proposes a new algorithm. It combines the input selection approach, which treats maneuvers as non-random variables, with the maneuver detection that is known e.g. in the approach with adjustable noise level. A simulated example compares performance of selected tracking algorithms. It demonstrates that the proposed algorithm outperforms known tracking algorithms.","PeriodicalId":273435,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop on Wireless Sensing, Local Positioning, and RFID","volume":"50 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130651051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-03DOI: 10.1109/IMWS2.2009.5307888
C. Angerer, R. Langwieser, G. Maier, M. Rupp
Radio frequency identification (RFID) systems at ultra high frequencies operate in an environment exposed to fading. While state-of-the-art RFID readers utilise multiple receive antennas with antenna multiplexing in order to deal with the multipath propagation environment, this contribution proposes maximal ratio combining at RFID reader receivers. A dual receive antenna RFID reader is presented in this paper. The composition of the receive signal and the constellation in the I/Q plane on each antenna is analysed and discussed thoroughly. With that knowledge, we design a receiver estimating the channel coefficients and realising maximal ratio combining of the received signals, thus achieving the optimum combination of receive signals in terms of SNR maximisation. Underlying assumptions on the receive signals at the RFID reader for the design of the receiver have been cross-verified with measurements. Furthermore, the receiver has been implemented on an FPGA and functionally verified.
{"title":"Maximal ratio combining receivers for dual antenna RFID readers","authors":"C. Angerer, R. Langwieser, G. Maier, M. Rupp","doi":"10.1109/IMWS2.2009.5307888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMWS2.2009.5307888","url":null,"abstract":"Radio frequency identification (RFID) systems at ultra high frequencies operate in an environment exposed to fading. While state-of-the-art RFID readers utilise multiple receive antennas with antenna multiplexing in order to deal with the multipath propagation environment, this contribution proposes maximal ratio combining at RFID reader receivers. A dual receive antenna RFID reader is presented in this paper. The composition of the receive signal and the constellation in the I/Q plane on each antenna is analysed and discussed thoroughly. With that knowledge, we design a receiver estimating the channel coefficients and realising maximal ratio combining of the received signals, thus achieving the optimum combination of receive signals in terms of SNR maximisation. Underlying assumptions on the receive signals at the RFID reader for the design of the receiver have been cross-verified with measurements. Furthermore, the receiver has been implemented on an FPGA and functionally verified.","PeriodicalId":273435,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop on Wireless Sensing, Local Positioning, and RFID","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125546541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-03DOI: 10.1109/IMWS2.2009.5307861
J. Heidrich, D. Brenk, J. Essel, G. Fischer, R. Weigel, S. Schwarzer
This paper describes the theory of distance measurements with passive UHF transponders using the principle of modulated backscattering. The method was evaluated with the analogue frontend of a passive RFID chip for the UHF range. The chip was designed in a 0.14µm CMOS technology.
本文介绍了利用调制后向散射原理对无源超高频应答机进行距离测量的原理。在UHF频段用无源RFID芯片的模拟前端对该方法进行了评估。该芯片采用0.14 μ m CMOS技术设计。
{"title":"Local positioning with passive UHF RFID transponders","authors":"J. Heidrich, D. Brenk, J. Essel, G. Fischer, R. Weigel, S. Schwarzer","doi":"10.1109/IMWS2.2009.5307861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMWS2.2009.5307861","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the theory of distance measurements with passive UHF transponders using the principle of modulated backscattering. The method was evaluated with the analogue frontend of a passive RFID chip for the UHF range. The chip was designed in a 0.14µm CMOS technology.","PeriodicalId":273435,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop on Wireless Sensing, Local Positioning, and RFID","volume":"512 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116700582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-03DOI: 10.1109/IMWS2.2009.5307891
C. Mandel, M. Schussler, M. Maasch, R. Jakoby
This paper discusses novel techniques to overcome problems arising when porting the surface acoustic wave approach of building passive radio-frequency identification and measurement systems to the electromagnetic domain without the need of mechanical (acoustical) delay lines. These techniques include the utilization of left-handed artificial delay lines and the increase of information density by using a higher order modulation scheme. The benefit from the porting is a broader field of applications, e. g. RFID tags working at very high temperatures or in other harsh environments become possible.
{"title":"A novel passive phase modulator based on LH delay lines for chipless microwave RFID applications","authors":"C. Mandel, M. Schussler, M. Maasch, R. Jakoby","doi":"10.1109/IMWS2.2009.5307891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMWS2.2009.5307891","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses novel techniques to overcome problems arising when porting the surface acoustic wave approach of building passive radio-frequency identification and measurement systems to the electromagnetic domain without the need of mechanical (acoustical) delay lines. These techniques include the utilization of left-handed artificial delay lines and the increase of information density by using a higher order modulation scheme. The benefit from the porting is a broader field of applications, e. g. RFID tags working at very high temperatures or in other harsh environments become possible.","PeriodicalId":273435,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop on Wireless Sensing, Local Positioning, and RFID","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124817041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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